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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

[Determination of xanthones in Swertia mussotii and Swertia franchetiana by high performance liquid chromatography].

A simple and rapid method for simultaneous separation and determination of xanthones in Swertia mussotii and Swertia franchetiana by high performance liquid chromatography has been established. The analysis was performed on a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm x 4.60 mm i.d., 5 microm) (at 20 degrees C) eluted with methanol and 0.1% aqueous phosphoric acid (73: 27 in volume ratio) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and with UV detection at 260 nm. Results showed that xanthones were separated successfully from each other and from other interfering components. There was a good linear relationship between the content of component and its peak area for each xanthone, with the correlation coefficients of 0.999 2 - 0.999 9. The convenient method can be used for quantitative analysis of xanthones.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2001

Screening of various Swertia species extracts in primary monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes against carbon tetrachloride- and paracetamol-induced toxicity.

Swertia chirata Buch-Ham. (Gentianaceae), one of the oldest medicinal herbs of India, is a source of the Indian ayurvedic drug 'chirata' used for the treatment of liver disorders and malarial fevers. In this study, eight species of Swertia were collected. Each of the dry whole plant was extracted into methanol, the aqueous extract of which was sequentially extracted into hexane, chloroform and butanol extracts. The extracts were screened for their anti-hepatotoxic activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and paracetamol (acetaminophen (AAP)) toxicity in primary monolayer cultures of rat hepatocytes. The primary cultures, 2.5 x 10(6) cells /3 ml medium/60 mm collagen-coated plates, were exposed to 2.5 mM CCl4 or 12 mM AAP in the presence or absence of plant extracts (100 microg/ml culture medium). Cells and medium were harvested after 22 h of treatment for the assay of cellular reduced gluthathione (GSH) content and leakage of lactate dehydrogenase as biological end-points of toxicity. Both CCl4 and AAP at the indicated concentrations reduced GSH by almost 50 and 80%, respectively, while the enzyme leakage was almost 15% above the untreated control. Hexane and methanol extracts of most of the species in general offered relatively good protection. The anti-hepatotoxic activity, nevertheless, was evident in all Swertia species against both the toxicants. However, Swertia purpurascens, Swertia chirata, Swertia paniculata and Swertia cordata exhibited better activity compared with other species investigated. In addition, influence of various extracts (10-100 microg/ml medium) was examined on cellular growth of rat Reuber hepatoma cell line H4IIEC3/G-. Except for the butanol extract of S. chirata, no other extracts exerted toxicity in terms of neutral red uptake by the cells.

Acetaminophen↗
PubMed2001

Analysis of swertiamarin in Swertia herb and preparations containing this crude drug by capillary electrophoresis.

Swertia herb (florescent whole plantof Swertia japonica, Gentianaceae) has long been utilized as a folk medicine in Japan. It is often blended in general gastroenteric drugs as a bitter stomachic. Swertiamarin, a bitter secoiridoid glycoside, is the representative constituent of this crude drug and Swertia herb is normally evaluated by the swertiamarin content. To date, papers have described the discrimination of Swertia herbs from other bitter crude drugs, estimation of swertiamarin and seasonal variation in swertiamarin content using thin-layer chromatography, while other papers have reported quantitative determination of swertiamarin using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In our previous papers, we reported analyses of the constituents of some crude drugs using capillary electrophoresis (CE). To aid in the evaluation of crude drugs, we succeeded in our attempt to separate and determine the quantity of swertiamarin in Swertia herb. Subsequently, we applied the same analytical condition to estimate the swertiamarin contents in Japanese pharmacopoeia stomachic preparations, in OTC gastroenteric drugs and in OTC hair tonics containing Swertia herb.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed1998

[Comparing Swerita daridi with Swertia mileencis on pharmacologic action].

The article compared Swertia daridi with Swertia mileencis about chemical composition and pharmacological action. The study showed two species drug's bitter taste chemical composition and pharmacological action are approximately equal. It can be tried to replace Swertia daridi with Swertia mileencis.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of the anticarcinogenic activity of Swertia chirata Buch.Ham, an Indian medicinal plant, on DMBA-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis model.

Considerable attention has been focused on plants which are sources of natural anti-oxidant compounds, because most of them have a modulatory role on physiological functions and biotransformation reactions involved in the detoxification process. Such compounds are likely to afford protection from cytotoxic, genotoxic and metabolic actions of environmental toxicant thereby reducing the risk for cancer. The present study reports the anticarcinogenic activity of Swertia chirata Buch.Ham, an Indian medicinal plant. All the four detoxification enzymes studied viz, GST, GPx, SOD and CAT were found to be activated in different degrees following treatment with infusion of Swertia chirata, its crude extract and a purified 'Amarogentin' rich extract. The activation of the enzymes was accompanied by significant reduction in lipid peroxidation and inhibition of incidence as well as multiplicity of Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced papillomas. The effect of S.chirata on apoptosis and cell proliferation was also studied in mice skin exposed to DMBA. Both the crude and purified extracts significantly inhibited cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. This is the fi rst report of its kind and the observation suggests the chemopreventive potential of Swertia chirata.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed2004

Correlation of cytokine and mobility in mice with arthritis and during therapy with Swertia chirayita.

We attempt to derive a correlation between pro-inflammatory cytokines and mobility in arthritic mice and after treatment with Swertia chirayita plant extract. Tumor necrosis factor-á (TNF-á), interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured by solid phase sandwich ELISA and the different parameters of mobility [distance traveled (DT), resting time (RT), ambulatory time (AT) and stereotypic time (ST)] was monitored and recorded by an Auto track system. Joint circumference of the right hind limb was monitored using a Vernier caliper. Our preliminary findings revealed that DT and RT correlated well with IL-1alpha, TNF-alpha and IL-10 levels in the joint homogenates of arthritic mice and after therapy with Swertia chirayita extracts. AT and ST showed poor correlation with the cytokines. Thus we demonstrate here the anti-inflammatory property of Swertia chirayita and its usage in the prevention of arthritis in the broader aspect in the management of associated cytokines.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[HPLC fingerprinting of total glycosides of Swertia franchetiana].

AIM: To establish a sensitive and specific HPLC method for controlling the quality of total glycosides from Swertia franchetiana H. Smith. METHODS: HPLC method was applied for quality and quantitative assessment of the pharmaceutical extracts from Swertia franchetiana H. Smith. The preparation of sample, the HPLC column, mobile phase, elution mode (isocratic or gradient) and gradient program were optimized in order to obtain HPLC profile. The HPLC system consisted of a SPD-1OAvp pump, SPD-M1OAVP photodiode-array detector (PAD), SIL-10ADVP auto injector. Data were acquired and processed with the CLASS-VP6.1 workstation. HPLC analysis was performed on a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm x 4. 6 mm ID, 5 microm) with methanol and water as mobile phase. The column temperature was set up at 40 degrees C and the flow-rate was 1 mL x min(-1). The reference solution of chemical standards and sample were injected into HPLC system, separately. RESULTS: The HPLC chromatographic fingerprinting of the total glycosides, showing 16 characteristic peaks which were partitioned into three parts: one peak in 0-10 min of retention time, nine peaks containing main 1-7 peaks in 10-15 min of retention time, 6 peaks in 15-30 min of retention time, was established from 10 lots of their products. By comparison of the retention time and the on-line UV spectra and their molecule weights of chemical standards, peak 1-7 were identified as swertiamarin (1), gentiopicroside (2), sweroside (3), isoorientin (4), swertisin (5), isoswertisin (6) and swetianolin (7), respectively. The ratios of peak area between 1-16 were in their extent. Moreover, comparison of the HPLC profiles of the total glycosides, the extracts prepared using another process and the plant indicated that they were closely related to each other. CONCLUSION: The HPLC profiles and quantitative assessment of the total glycosides from Swertia franchetiana H. Smith with high specificity can be used to control their quality and assure lot to lot consistency.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗
PubMed2004

Swertia (Gentianaceae): chemical and pharmacological aspects.

A compilation of the constituents isolated from Swertia species covering the literature up to December 2003 is presented. The botanical classification and ethno-pharmacology of Swertia plants, as well as the biological activities and pharmacological applications of both distinct phytochemicals and medicinally active plant materials (formulations, extracts, etc.) are discussed in detail.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Regulation of hazardous exposure by protective exposure: modulation of phase II detoxification and lipid peroxidation by Camellia sinensis and Swertia chirata.

Many natural compounds are now known to have a modulatory role on physiological functions and biotransformation reactions involved in the detoxification process, thereby affording protection from cytotoxic, genotoxic, and metabolic actions of environmental toxicants. As part of a programme on evaluation of food, beverage, and traditional medicinal plants for their anticarcinogenic activity, their effects on detoxification enzymes were also studied. The present report deals with Camellia sinensis and Swertia chirata. The effect of water infusions as well as crude and purified components of these plants on glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) was analyzed in mice that were exposed to the chemical carcinogen DMBA. All the four enzymes were found to be activated in different degrees following treatment. The effect of Theaflavin, a component of black tea, was highly significant. The activation of the enzymes was accompanied by significant reduction in lipid peroxidation. The observation suggest the chemopreventive potential of both Camellia sinensis and Swertia chirata.

9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene↗
PubMed2005

Differentiation of Swertia Mussotii Franch from Artemisiae Capillaris Herba by capillary electrophoresis with electrochemical detection.

A high-performance capillary electrophoresis (CE) with electrochemical detection (ED) method is developed for differentiation of Swertia Mussotii Franch from Artemisiae Capillaris Herba in this work. Swertia Mussotii Franch contains a great deal of swertiamarin and mangiferin that are not present in Artemisiae Capillaris Herba, whereas Artemisiae Capillaris Herba consists of abundant chlorogentic acid. Therefore, determining their swertiamarin, mangiferin and chlorogentic acid contents can differentiate these two crude herbs. Operated in a wall-jet configuration, a 300 microm diameter carbon-disk electrode was used as the working electrode, which exhibits good response at +1000 mV (versus SCE) for the three analytes. With a separation voltage of 14 kV, the three analytes were separated within 14 min in a 52 cm length capillary in 50 mmol/l borax buffer (pH 9.2). The system was demonstrated good stability and reproducibility with an R.S.D. of less than 5% for both migration time and peak current. This method was successfully used to analyze and identify the crude herbs with satisfactory assay results.

Drugs, Chinese Herbal↗
PubMed2006

Molecular authentication of the traditional Tibetan medicinal plant Swertia mussotii.

Swertia mussotii is an important species in Tibetan folk medicine. However, it is quite expensive and frequently adulterated, so reliable methods for authentication of putative specimens and preparations of the species are needed to protect consumers and to support conservation measures. We show here that the chloroplast (cp) DNA RPL16 intron has limited utility for differentiating S. mussotii from closely related species, since the cpDNA RPL16 sequences are identical in S. mussotii and two other species of Swertia. However, the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences differ significantly between S. mussotii and all of 13 tested potential adulterants. Thus, the ITS region provides a robust molecular marker for differentiating the medicinal S. mussotii from related adulterants. Therefore, a pair of allele-specific diagnostic primers based on the divergent ITS region was designed to distinguish S. mussotii from the other species. Authentication by allele-specific diagnostic PCR using these primers is convenient, effective and both simpler and less time-consuming than sequencing the ITS region.

Alleles↗
PubMed2002

[Studies of the chemical constituents of Swertia davida Franch].

AIM: To study the active constituents of Swertia davidi Franch.. METHODS: Chromatography was used to isolate and purify the chemical components, their structures were identified by spectral analysis. RESULTS: Three compounds were identified as 1,7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyxanthone (gentiacaulein) (V), 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone (methylswertianin) (VI) and 1,8-dihydroxy-3,4,7-trimethoxyxanthone (VII). CONCLUSION: Compound VII is a novel xanthone, named daviditin A, the others were isolated from Swertia davidi Franch. for the first time.

Molecular Structure↗
PubMed2003

[Daviditin B from Swertia davidi Franch].

AIM: To study the active constituents of Swertia davidi Franch. METHODS: Chemical components were isolated by column chromatography and their structures were established mainly by spectroscopic means (UV, IR, NMR, 2D-NMR, MS). RESULTS: Three substances were identified as 2,5-dimethoxyl-1, 4-dicarboxyl benzene (VIII), 1,5,8-trihydroxyl-3,4-dimethoxyl xanthone (IX) and 1,8-dihydroxyl-3-(3'-hydroxyl-butoxy) xanthone (X). CONCLUSION: Compounds VIII and IX were isolated from Swertia davidi Franch, for the first time, whereas compound X is a new xanthone, named daviditin B with antioxygenated activity in vitro.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2004

[Study on chemical constituents from Swertia kauitchensis Franch].

OBJECTIVE: To study the major chemical constituents from the whole herb of Swertia kauitchensis Franch. METHOD: Compounds were separated and purified with silica gel column and microreticular resin, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence (UV, IR, MS, NMR). RESULT: Ten compounds were identified as oleanolic acid (1), beta-sitosterol (2), daucosterol (3), gentiacaulein (4), bellidifolin (5), methylswertianin (6), swertianin (7), 1,7-dihydroxy-3,4,8-trimethoxyxanthone (8), swertianolin (9),1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxyxanthone (10). CONCLUSION: All compounds were isolated from Swertia kauitchensis Franch for the first time.

China↗
PubMed1999

Antihepatotoxic activity of Swertia chirata on paracetamol and galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

The extracts of Swertia chirata were evaluated for antihepatotoxic activity using paracetamol and galactosamine models. The methanol extract of the whole plant was found active at a dose of 100 mg/kg i.p. On fractionating this extract into chloroform soluble and butanol soluble fractions, the activity was retained in the chloroform soluble fraction which was most active at a dose level of 25 mg/kg i.p. with overall protection of 81% and 78% against paracetamol and galactosamine, respectively. The butanol soluble fraction, rich in bitter secoiridoids, was devoid of significant activity. The protective effect observed against these two hepatotoxins which are different in their mechanisms of inducing hepatotoxicity, suggests broader and non-specific protection of the liver against these two toxins by non-bitter components of Swertia chirata.

Acetaminophen↗