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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1988

Species identification and serotyping (capsular antigen) of Pasteurella strains from sheep flocks in south Germany and in Syria.

135 Pasteurella strains were cultivated from nasal swabs of sheep as well as pneumonic lungs of dead and slaughtered sheep. The specimen originated from 41 flocks in South Germany and from 15 flocks and 60 slaughter sheep in Syria (Hama region). Serovariety A2 prevailed amongst P. haemolytica strains (6) isolated in South Germany (53 strains) and in Syria (41 strains). In addition 10 further serovarieties were identified in South Germany (next frequent were A8, A1 and A6) and 7 in Syria. Untypable strains appeared to be more frequent in Syria. Other Pasteurellae (17) represented 1/4 of isolates in Syria and 1/3 of isolates in South Germany. Species identification resulted in P. multocida ssp. multocida (25), P. multocida ssp. septica (4 strains, Syria only), P. canis (3 strains, South Germany only) and Pasteurella-like strains (9 strains). Twelve P. multocida ssp. multocida strains carried capsular antigen D and 7 capsular antigen A. In most cases where multiple samples were examined from one flock, strains with different capsular antigens and/or belonging to different Pasteurella species were isolated (max. 8).

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Human cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania Major MON-26 in the region of Damascus (Syria)].

In response to an epidemic of oriental sore around Damascus, an ecological and epidemiological survey was carried out in the village of Dmeir, 40 km NE of Damascus. Parasites isolated from six cases from Dmeir, and two other cases from Syria were identified as Leishmania major, zymodeme MON-26. This zymodeme is known as the agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis from the Sub-Saharian Sahel to the Near and Middle East. This is the first report of L. major in Syria. In a group of 234 school children aged 5-11 years, the leishmanin skin test was positive in 37%, indicating a high transmission rate. The epidemic seems to be the result of agricultural and industrial development projects in the area: numbers of both the gerbil reservoir host and sandfly vector appear to be increased by the land improvement.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1972

Differences in the severity of physical signs in the right and left eyes of patients with trachoma in Syria and Burma.

A field record card to permit the recording of physical signs separately in the two eyes, in cases of trachoma was produced by WHO in 1967. The card was used to record clinical examinations in a controlled trial in Syria in 1967 and in the running assessment of a trachoma control programme in Burma in 1968-69.Differences in physical signs in the two eyes were observed in over 20% of cases in Syria and over 35% of cases in Burma. Even when limited to the same stage of infection, differences between the two eyes in the same individual are in the order of 10%. Limiting the examination to one eye underestimates prevalence and severity and overestimates changes in the disease pattern with time; a combined reading for both eyes should give a more accurate picture of infection. A computer could be used in special studies to free the observer from the need to make subjective judgements concerning the more severely affected eye.

Child↗
PubMed1992

Summer-arrested development of abomasal trichostrongylids in Awassi sheep in semi-arid areas of north-west Syria.

Inhibition in trichostrongylids was studied in Awassi sheep in North-west Syria, which has cold winters and hot summers. On six occasions during a 1-year period, five ewes with natural helminth infections were slaughtered after being held in pens for 3 weeks. The percentage of inhibited larvae was lowest in January (6%); it increased during the spring to 76.7% in April and to 84.6% in June and then decreased during the autumn (57.1% in September, 26.1% in December). Inhibition occurred mainly during the early fourth stage in mucosa but was also observed during the late fourth stage in digesta. Teladorsagia circumcincta was the main species involved, but it seemed that this phenomenon also occurred in Marshallagia marshalli.

Abomasum↗
PubMed1976

Nutritive studies on some raw and prepared leguminous seeds commonly used in the Arab Republic of Syria.

1. The proximate analysis of raw Syrian lentils (Lens esculentus), variety red chick pea (Cicer arietinum) variety balady, has been made. The protein content of the two raw seeds were 23 and 22 g% for lentils and chick peas, respectively. Ethereal extract, fiber, ash, calcium, phosphorus and iron content of the two raw seeds have been also assayed. 2. The levels of most of the amino acids were also estimated in the raw and cooked seeds. It was found that tryptophan- and sulphur-containing amino acids were the most limiting ones. Cooking the seeds by the same methods commonly used in Syria resulted in the loss of most of the amino acids, with the exception of lysine and tryptophan which were slightly increased. 3. Trypsin inhibitors and saponins were detected in the raw seeds. Haemagglutinins were present in raw lentils only. Cooking the seeds destroyed the trypsin inhibitors and haemagglutinins and did not affect the saponins. 4. The net protein utilization of whole lentils and chick peas were 38 and 53, respectively. Decortication of lentils or cooking without decortication has no effect on the NPU values. Cooking the decorticated lentil seeds raised its NPU values from 38 to 56. Cooking chick peas resulted in a slight increase in their NPU. Supplementation of the raw and treated seeds with methionine and tryptophan raised its NPU values markedly.

Alkaloids↗
PubMed1992

Urinary tuberculosis: experience of a teaching hospital in Syria.

This study was designed to show our experience of urinary tuberculosis in one of the large teaching hospitals in Syria. It was a prospective study involving 48 patients (29 males and 19 females) with confirmed tuberculous lesions in the urinary tract. The study period was between 1982-1987. The presenting symptoms were protean, and there were often delays between onset of symptoms and eventual diagnosis. The highest age incidence was in the second and fourth decades. Beside the suggestive clinical manifestations, final diagnosis was reached by various means. Repeated examinations of EMU smears were positive in about 20% of cases. Urine culture was positive in 33.3%, while varied percentage of cases showed some radiological changes suggestive of tuberculosis. Other investigations included cystoscopy and biopsy of suspected lesions. Treatment was conservative by chemotherapy in 45% of cases, with complete recovery in about 33%, while acceptable results were shown in congruent to 19%, and failure of treatment or recurrence of active disease in 48% of cases. Some forms of surgical intervention were carried out in 55% of patients. Cure was seen in 50% of them, while 25% had acceptable results and failure was shown in the remaining 25%. It is concluded that urinary tuberculosis remains an important infectious disease problem in our country. The high rate of failure of both medical or surgical treatment is mainly due to late diagnosis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

[Ecoepidemiology of leishmaniasis in Syria. 1. Leishmania major Yakimoff and Schokhor (Kinetoplastida-Trypanosomatidae) infestation of Psammomys obesus Cretzschmar (Rodentia-Gerbillidae)].

During an epidemiological survey of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis in South-West Syria, Leishmania major zymodème MON-26 was isolated from a reservoir host, Psammomys obesus terraesanctae (Rodentia-Gerbillidae). The abundance of this rodent, its close contact with infected villages and the high prevalence of the infection (63,1%) indicate that this is the main reservoir host of oriental sore in the semi desert area of this country.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Ecoepidemiology of leishmaniases in Syria. 2--Presence, in dogs, of Leishmania infantum Nicolle and Leishmania tropica (Wright) (Kinetoplastida-Trypanonomatidae)].

In an ecoepidemiological study in the Syrian foci of human visceral (VL) and cutaneous (CL) leishmaniasis, domestic dogs infected with Leishmania infantum MON-1 and L. tropica MON-76 were found for the first time. In Syria canine leishmaniasis caused by L. infantum, occurs in the humid and sub-humid western belt from the coastal zone to the nearby mountain ranges. Sporadis cases of human VL occur in this area. Canine CL, caused by L. tropica was found in the semi-arid zone in a village with a high human infection rate. The infection causes small papules or crusted ulcers on the nose or muzzle. These observations are relevant to control. In human VL foci it is recommended not to control the dog population, unless this is linked with other activities, such as rabies control. Control of dogs in the CL areas is not justified because of the small size of the lesions and the rarity of the parasites. Indeed the role of the dog as the "true" reservoir host is questionable. Human CL infection is best controlled by active case detection and specific treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Ecoepidemiology of leishmaniases in Syria. 3. Leishmania major infection in Psammomys obesus provides clues to life history of the rodent and possible control measures.

Collections of Psammomys obesus from near Damascus, Syria in May 1990 and November 1991 contained animals of all ages. Both series had a high prevalence of Leishmania major infection. Lesions were small in November and large in May. Assuming the two collections were representative of typical years, it is inferred that the breeding season is between October and May: there is high winter mortality of animals born early in the breeding season, but high survival of their parents, and there is high mortality in summer of animals aged between 17 and around 20 months. Transmission in summer is, therefore, between old adults shortly before their death and young adults born in late winter or spring. Juvenile animals are not exposed to the infection. If these findings are confirmed it should be relatively easy to break this tenuous cycle.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

A community-based study of acute respiratory infections among preschool children in Syria.

A longitudinal community-based study of the epidemiology of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children less than 5 years old was carried out in a low income peri-urban area of Syria. A total of 1030 children were followed up by weekly morbidity surveillance for a period of 24 weeks, starting September 1989. The results revealed that, on average, a child suffered 3.4 episodes of ARI per 100 child-days at risk. The average prevalence of ARI was 23 per cent of time of observation. The peak age-specific incidence occurred in children 6-12 months old for cough/cold, and in children 0-5 months for pneumonia. Male children experienced higher incidence and prevalence of ARI. The most frequently reported symptoms were nasal discharge and cough.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

Lentiviral arthritis and encephalitis in goats in north-west Syria.

A survey for antibodies against caprine arthritis and encephalitis (CAE) virus was undertaken in north-west Syria. Out of 72 sera, using agar immuno-diffusion test, 12.5% showed a positive reaction. Despite the seropositiveness, no clinical evidence of the infection was found in the tested animals. The findings indicate that the infection is endemic in the area studied.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Study of phlebotomus sandflies in Syria].

An entomological survey was carried out during 1986 in ten provinces of Syria representative of the main natural areas of this country. 932 sandflies were caught with aspirators in domestic resting sites. Captures are analysed for each species.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Intermediary hosts of Dicrocoelium lanceolatum in Lebanon and Syria (author's transl)].

The authors describe the biological cycle of the Trematoda Dicrocoelium lanceolatum in Lebanon and in Syria: two principal first hosts are the Gastropoda: Theba syriaca and Xerophila vestalis; the second intermediate host is the ant Formica (S.) rufibarbis var. clarorufibarbis very common near fresh water in herbous lands, over 1,000 m of altitude. The last host is the Sheep, the Cow and probably the Goat. A humain case is commented.

Animals↗