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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

Nucleotide sequence of a mouse Tcp-1 pseudogene: a nucleotide record for a t complex gene carried by an ancestor of the mouse.

We have isolated clones of a processed pseudogene of mouse t complex polypeptide 1 (Tcp-1) and determined the nucleotide sequence of the pseudogene. The pseudogene was 1363 bp long and had no intron. The Tcp-1 pseudogene had 88.4% or 88.3% nucleotide identity to the mouse Tcp-1 cDNA of wild-type (Tcp-1b) or t haplotype (Tcp-1a), and 87.5% identity to the rat Tcp-1 cDNA. On 12 nucleotide positions where the open reading frames (ORFs) of mouse Tcp-1b and Tcp-1a cDNAs have bp substitutions, the Tcp-1 pseudogene had 6 bp identical to Tcp-1b, 5 bp identical to Tcp-1a and 1 bp not identical to neither. On ten amino acid positions where TCP-1B and TCP-1A polypeptides have substitutions, deduced amino acids of the Tcp-1 pseudogene had four amino acids identical to TCP-1B, five amino acids identical to TCP-1A and one amino acid identical to neither. These results suggest that the ancestral mouse Tcp-1 gene would have had no significant difference between the resemblance to Tcp-1b and that to Tcp-1a before they were diverged and that amino acids of TCP-1B and TCP-1A would have been substituted in similar high rates.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1992

Enhanced osteoinduction by intramuscular grafting of BMP-beta-TCP compound pellets into murine models.

The osteoinductive effects of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP, derived from murine osteosarcoma) were studied with regard to its use combined with beta-tricalcium phosphate (beta-TCP). BMP and beta-TCP were molded into pellets by the "pressure method", originated by us and transplanted to ddY mice. Control mice received interdorsal muscular implantations of either the BMP or beta-TCP pellets. The animals were sacrificed 1, 2 and 3 weeks after grafting, for radiological, histochemical, and ultrastructural observations. The BMP-beta-TCP compound pellets induced faster cartilage and bone formation, whereas these activities were slower when pellets made solely of BMP were used. The beta-TCP pellets demonstrated no osteoinductive properties. Observations revealed two types of beta-TCP resorbing multinuclear giant cells. One was osteoclastic, expressing calcitonin receptors, having numerous mitochondria and ruffled border-like structures; the other was not osteoclastic in nature. In animals grafted with the compound pellets, a great number of osteoclastic cells gathered on the pellets, much earlier than those grafted with the pellets made of BMP alone. Then, osteoblastic bone formation over the cement lines followed an osteoclastic resorption of both beta-TCP and newly formed bone. In contrast, BMP induced few osteoclastic cells, resulting in slower bone coupling. Furthermore, the faster bone formation induced by the compound pellets seemed to be associated with the presence of beta-TCP. Porous by nature, beta-TCP would entrap BMP within its micropores, and thus, the intrinsically diffusible BMP is retained and its action consequently prolonged. In addition, the compound pellet offered increased surface contact between BMP and mesenchymal cells. Therefore, BMP-beta-TCP compound pellets induce cartilage and bone formation more rapidly than does BMP alone.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Structure and expression of the gene encoding mouse t-complex polypeptide (Tcp-1).

The nucleotide (nt) sequence of the structural gene (Tcp-1) encoding mouse t-complex polypeptide 1 (TCP-1) has been determined. The nt sequence extending to 10,043 bp shows that the Tcp-1 gene is divided into 12 exons, 11 introns and 5'- and 3'-flanking regions. The Tcp-1 gene has a tight cluster of major transcription start points (tsp). Two GC boxes, one CCAAT box and some other possible regulatory elements are located in the region upstream from the tsp, but no TATA box was found. Extending from the 5'-flanking region to the first intron, a CpG dinucleotide-rich cluster is located. In addition, Tcp-1 gene transcripts in mouse organs, embryos and cultured cells were analyzed by Northern blotting. The Tcp-1 mRNA is enriched not only in testes, but also in early post-implantation embryos and some cultured cell lines, as compared with mouse organs other than the testis. The amount of Tcp-1 mRNA in embryos decreases during development. These results suggest that the expression of the Tcp-1 gene may be regulated spatially and temporally in embryonic and adult mice by transcriptional control or by mRNA stability.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2026

Exogenous gibberellin promotes lateral branch development in stumping Pinus yunnanensis by regulating endogenous hormones and TCP genes.

While plant stumping can break apical dominance, promote lateral branching, and thereby increase yield, a significant technical challenge remains in further enhancing the coppicing regrowth capacity after stumping. This study used one-year-old Pinus yunnanensis Franch seedlings as subjects. Through exogenous application of gibberellin 3 (GA3) and Paclobutrazol (PAC), it investigated the regulatory role of gibberellin (GA) in sprouting and identified TCP genes related to branching within the GA pathway. Results indicate that exogenous hormone treatments altered endogenous hormone levels in P. yunnanensis seedlings. Exogenous GA3 treatment significantly increased endogenous IPA, ABA, GA3, GA1, SA, and SAG content. Correlation analysis with sprout number revealed a positive relationship between endogenous hormones and sprout number, indicating that exogenous GA3 significantly influenced sprout number. After hormone application, the cumulative number of sprouts increased with seedling age across all treatments. Therefore, to further investigate whether changes in sprout number were caused by gene alterations in the GA signaling pathway, this study analyzed the GA signaling pathway and its associated transcription factors. Fifteen TCP family members were screened from the P. yunnanensis transcriptome, phylogenetically classified into Class I and Class II subfamilies. Conserved motif sites within the Class II family co-occurred, exhibiting high conservation. Genes from the Class II subfamily were cloned, and their differential expression across various tissues was analyzed via real-time quantitative PCR. Expression patterns under different hormone treatments were also examined. Our results reveal that PyTCP4, PyTCP6, and PyTCP20 are significantly upregulated by PAC (a GA synthesis inhibitor) and show strong negative correlations with sprouts number, while GA3 treatment partially alleviates this effect. These findings provide direct evidence that TCP transcription factors act as repressors of shoot branching, linking their hormone-responsive expression to the regulation of sprouts formation in P. yunnanensis. These results indicate that TCP transcription factors play a crucial role in shoot and root emergence, with their expression influenced by exogenous hormones, thereby affecting the growth and development of emerging shoots and roots. This provides a reference and basis for analyzing the expression patterns and functions of TCP genes in P. yunnanensis, facilitating further research into their functions.

Gibberellins↗
PubMed1992

Concerted evolution of the mouse Tcp-10 gene family: implications for the functional basis of t haplotype transmission ratio distortion.

The mouse Tcr locus is defined by its central role in the transmission ratio distortion phenotype characteristic of t haplotypes. A molecular candidate for Tcr has been identified in the form of a gene--Tcp-10b--expressed during spermatogenesis. Tcp-10b is one member of a multigene family present in two to four copies on different homologs of chromosome 17. The coding regions of the Tcp-10 genes present within two inbred strains were compared with those of the tw5 haplotype. The various gene family members are highly conserved relative to each other with a minimum nucleotide identity of 98.6% in all pairwise comparisons. Maximal parsimony analysis indicates that the Tcp-10 gene family has evolved in a concerted manner with the obliteration of nearly all individual gene-specific characteristics. As a consequence, the candidate for the full-length mutant Tcr gene product is distinguished by only a single, highly conservative, amino acid change. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the effector of mutant Tcr activity is a second, alternatively spliced product that is expressed in a haploid- and allele-specific manner.

Alleles↗
PubMed1992

Tissue response to biphasic calcium phosphate ceramic with different ratios of HA/beta TCP in periodontal osseous defects.

The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal ratio of calcium hydroxyapatite (HA) to beta tricalcium phosphate (beta TCP) in a biphasic porous calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic for effective repair of periodontal osseous defects. Defects were surgically produced in beagle dogs and made chronic for 4 months to simulate periodontal disease. Mucoperiosteal periodontal flaps were reflected, followed by osseous defect debridement and root planing. Specially prepared ceramic with different HA/beta TCP ratios were implanted into the prepared defects. The sites were allowed to heal for 6 months, animals were euthanized, and site-blocks were removed for histological study. During the follow-up phase, scaling and polishing were done once a month, and standardized probing attachment levels were recorded pre- and 6-months postoperatively. The Duncan's multiple range test showed that all the treatments produced statistically significant higher gain in probing attachment levels than the control group (0HA/0 beta TCP) (P < 0.05). Among the 7 "active" treatment groups, 2 (65/35 and 85/15) had significantly higher gain in probing attachment levels than those in 3 groups (50/50, 100/0, and 0/100) (P < 0.05). Histologically, higher HA ratio (but not 100% HA) showed accelerated new bone formation and new attachment levels. Based on histological results, the 85HA/15 beta TCP ratio appears to demonstrate greater gain in attachment level and bone regeneration in the treatment of periodontal osseous defects.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1992

Function in protein folding of TRiC, a cytosolic ring complex containing TCP-1 and structurally related subunits.

T-complex polypeptide 1 (TCP-1) was analyzed as a potential chaperonin (GroEL/Hsp60) equivalent of the eukaryotic cytosol. We found TCP-1 to be part of a hetero-oligomeric 970 kDa complex containing several structurally related subunits of 52-65 kDa. These members of a new protein family are assembled into a TCP-1 ring complex (TRiC) which resembles the GroEL double ring. The main function of TRiC appears to be in chaperoning monomeric protein folding: TRiC binds unfolded polypeptides, thereby preventing their aggregation, and mediates the ATP-dependent renaturation of unfolded firefly luciferase and tubulin. At least in vitro, TRiC appears to function independently of a small co-chaperonin protein such as GroES. Folding of luciferase is mediated by TRiC but not by GroEL/ES. This suggests that the range of substrate proteins interacting productively with TRiC may differ from that of GroEL. We propose that TRiC mediates the folding of cytosolic proteins by a mechanism distinct from that of the chaperonins in specific aspects.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1992

TCP enhances the survival of human fetal spinal cord cells in culture.

Dissociated cell cultures were prepared from human spinal cords of 7-10-week-old fetuses. After 10 weeks progressive neuronal necrosis was observed in controls whereas N/1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl/piperidine (TCP) enhanced the survival time of the cells. After 21 weeks the number of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic and neuron specific enolase (NSE)-stained neurons was higher in the TCP-treated cultures than in controls. TCP appears to be a promising drug for long term survival of neurons.

Biomarkers↗
PubMed2026

Functional Characterization of the Oat (Avena sativa L.) TCP Transcription Factor AsTCP38 Reveals Its Role in Low-Nitrogen Stress Tolerance.

Nitrogen limitation restricts plant growth, development, and yield in crops and forage species. Although TCP transcription factors are implicated in diverse abiotic-stress responses, the functions of most TCP genes in oat remain unclear. Here, we cloned and characterized the AsTCP38 gene, which is 1215 bp long and encodes a 405-amino-acid protein. The predicted protein contains a conserved TCP domain and shares its highest sequence similarity with Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana) AtTCP15. The AsTCP38 protein localized to the nucleus, and promoter analysis identified cis-elements associated with light, hormone, and stress responses. We generated AsTCP38-overexpressing A. thaliana and wheat plants and screened an oat leaf yeast cDNA library for candidate interacting proteins. In these heterologous overexpression lines, AsTCP38 overexpression was associated with greater abscisic acid (ABA) sensitivity and improved seedling growth under low-nitrogen conditions. Changes in antioxidant-enzyme activities, nitrogen-metabolism-related enzyme activities, and endogenous hormone contents were also observed. Together, these findings suggest that AsTCP38 may participate in low-nitrogen responses and provide a basis for further functional studies in oat. Direct regulatory targets and the contribution of AsTCP38 to low-nitrogen adaptation in oat remain to be established.

Avena↗
PubMed2026

Pleiotropic mutation in a tendril TCP gene underlies the yield-enhancing multiple-flowering trait in summer squash (Cucurbita pepo).

Crop yield is a focal point in plant breeding. Regulation of lateral budding through apical dominance was a central target of crop domestication, directly affecting crop production. The young fruits of Cucurbita pepo, summer squash, are produced on plants characterized by apical dominance and differentiation of a single flower bud per leaf axil. A single recessive mutation, mf, results in differentiation of more than one flower per leaf axil, thereby directly increasing production because of the continual day-to-day harvest of the summer squash crop. Positional cloning of the Cucurbita pepo mf (Cpmf) gene denoted a frameshift mutation in a TCP transcription factor, Cp4.1LG13g07780, as causative for the increase in axillary flowering. Cpmf is an ortholog of a tendril-development TCP gene in other cucurbits, and likewise, the recessive allele of Cpmf is associated with distorted tendril development. Gene function is context dependent, and we propose that multiple flowering is a unique pleiotropic attribute of mutation in a tendril-development gene of C. pepo. Characterization of a C. pepo collection confirmed a significant association of the Cpmf mutation with multiple flowering and showed that the mutant allele is absent in ancestral C. pepo and one of its two cultivated subspecies. The beneficial mutation occurred and was selected after the domestication of the other subspecies, during its cultivation for young fruit production. We demonstrate the discovery of a causative yield-increasing sequence variant and its practical utilization in breeding. Our findings provide a molecular target for creation of high-yielding, multiple-flowering summer squash cultivars through marker-assisted breeding or precise genome editing.

Cucurbita↗
PubMed2026

Integrated analysis of ATAC-seq and RNA-seq reveals the TCP-ARF molecular module related to pathogenic process of phytoplasma infection in Paulownia fortunei.

BACKGROUND: Witches&#x2019; broom is an important disease of the Paulownia fortunei. Understanding the pathogenesis of witches&#x2019; broom is a prerequisite for its prevention and control. Phytoplasma is the pathogen of Paulownia witches&#x2019; broom. RESULTS: We investigated the changes in chromatin accessibility before and after phytoplasma infection in Paulownia fortunei by analyzing the DNA accessibility (ATAC-seq). In phytoplasma-infected P. fortunei (PFI) compared to healthy samples (PF), the closed regions of chromatin(1187 regions) were three times more than the open regions (352 regions). Fifty one percent of the accessible chromatin regions were overlapped with either H3K27ac or H3K9ac peaks. The closed regions were enriched in the conserved motif TGGGC[CT] that is recognized by the TCP transcription factor family. The closed regions in PFI are intersected with ARF family gene locus. The gene PfARF3 was verified to interact with the PfTCP23 transcription factor. The PfTCP23 was predicted to be interacted with the effector pawb44 in the pathogen of phytoplasma. CONCLUSIONS: The phytoplasma infection in P. fortunei is involved in the chromatin changes of the DNA accessibility and histone modification. The binding regions of TCP23 were found to be changed mostly in the accessibility between PFI and PF. The TCP-ARF module was found to be the possible regulatory module inducing the crinkled leaf trait.

RNA-Seq↗
PubMed1992

A testis-expressed Zn finger gene (ZNF76) in human 6p21.3 centromeric to the MHC is closely linked to the human homolog of the t-complex gene tcp-11.

A novel testis-expressed Zn finger gene (ZNF76) was identified by screening cDNA libraries with cosmids derived from 6p21. ZNF76 is a member of the GLI-Krüppel family of DNA binding proteins. It is conserved in mouse where transcription in testis is initiated at Day 20 after birth. The mouse tcp-11 gene is located in the distal inversion of the t-complex and is developmentally regulated in the same manner as ZNF76. The human homolog of tcp-11 was isolated to allow a precise chromosomal localization. By using a combination of somatic cell hybrids, radiation hybrids, metaphase and interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, we mapped the two genes to the 6p21.2 to 6p21.3 region and linked them to each other within 300 kb of DNA, approximately 2 Mb centromeric to the major histocompatibility complex.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2026

A group of TCP transcription factors is a missing link in strigolactone signaling.

Strigolactones (SLs) are plant-specialized butenolide signaling molecules, recognized as endogenous plant hormones, that control plant development and environmental adaptation. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the repressor D53-like SMXLs regulate the expression of a vast number of genes in an EAR-motif-dependent manner to mediate SL signaling. However, it remains unclear how the SMXLs are recruited to specific genes and implement unique functions in vivo. Based on chromatin co-distribution analysis, we constructed a chromatin co-localization map of SMXL6 with 108 transcription factors. Among the candidate transcription factors, the Class II TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PCF (TCP) family member TCP4 shows the highest frequency of chromatin co-localization with SMXL6. SMXL6 and TCP4 co&#x2011;localize at the promoter regions of 18 SL-induced SMXL6 target genes (SISGs), including BRC1. We confirmed that TCP4 interacts with SMXL6 and can bind directly to these co&#x2011;localized sites. The loss of CIN-TCPs function reduces the hormone responsiveness of the SL-induced genes. Introducing the tcp3/4/10 into SL&#x2011;deficient mutants restored the BRC1 expression to a level exceeding that of the wild type. However, the branching phenotype of the SL&#x2011;deficient mutant was only partially rescued, suggesting a limited role for BRC1 in SL&#x2011;mediated branching control and implicating the involvement of additional factors. An unexpected finding was that tcp3/4/10 rescued the dwarf phenotype of the SL&#x2011;deficient mutants, providing an opportunity to elucidate the mechanisms underlying SL&#x2011;regulated plant height. These findings demonstrate that TCP4 mediates SMXL6 chromatin recruitment during SL signaling, and provide a new understanding of how SMXL6 participates in SL signaling-mediated gene expression and plant development.

Lactones↗
PubMed1992

TCP pilus biosynthesis in Vibrio cholerae O1: gene sequence of tcpC encoding an outer membrane lipoprotein.

The nucleotide sequence of the tcpC gene has been determined. It encodes a 53995-Da protein precursor with a signal sequence and cleavage site typical of a number of outer membrane lipoproteins, which are cleaved by the equivalent of signal peptidase II (Lsp) of Escherichia coli. The location of the tcpC gene is such that it is predicted to be translationally coupled to the 5' and 3' flanking genes, tcpY and tcpD, respectively, indicating that it forms part of an operon. Together with the lipoprotein signal sequence and the several hydrophobic domains it seems likely that TcpC is a surface-anchored trans-outer membrane lipoprotein.

Amino Acid Sequence↗