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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2000

Efficacy of thigh protectors in preventing thigh haematomas.

Thigh haematomas are extremely common in Australian Rules Football (ARF). This is in contrast to contact sports overseas, the likely reason is the increased use of thigh protectors as part of team uniforms in contact sports such as American football. Thigh haematomas can have a significant impact on an athlete's performance, ranging from short term performance impairment, muscle deconditioning and compartment syndromes, to long term problems, such as career threatening myositis ossificans and possibly muscle tears. To assess the efficacy of thigh protectors made for Australian Football, a prospective study was undertaken involving two teams in the elite junior (U 18) VSFL competition in SE Australia. One team wore thigh protectors over the course of the season while the other team acted as controls and did not wear thigh protectors. The control group suffered nine thigh haematomas, while the protected group had none (p<0.01). The possible de-conditioning effect of the haematomas was evidenced by two of the control group suffering torn quadriceps within four weeks of the haematoma. The protectors were generally well tolerated by all but one player, except in hot conditions, when they were uncomfortable.

Australia↗
PubMed1996

Anthropometric determination of thigh volumes and thigh forces following acute training of increasing intensity in adult men.

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the influence of submaximal training of increasing intensity on the rate of fatigue and on the anthropometry of the quadriceps muscle. A group of 24 middle-aged male subjects trained three times a week for 12 weeks at incremental exercise intensities which elicited 66%-83% of the maximal heart rate reserve; 11 male subjects acted as controls. A purpose-built, isometric chair with an adjustable force transducer ensured a standard posture for each subject during a 20 s maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The muscle plus bone mass of the thigh was calculated from a previously validated anthropometric method reinforced by measurements derived from water displacement and ultrasonics. Training-induced submaximal relationships were assessed by means of two ergometer tests of progressive intensity. Following training, the subjects' blood lactate concentrations had decreased from 5.5 (SD 1.7) to 3.9 (SD 1.4) mmol.1(-1) (P < 0.01) at the final exercise intensities. They increased thigh volumes from 10.7 (SD 1.7) to 11.0 (SD 1.7) 1 (P < 0.05) and thigh forces in 47.5% (P < 0.05) of the measurements. Heart rates and rates of perceived exertion were reduced (P < 0.01) following training; for the controls, all the above parameters remained constant. These results would seem to indicate that a submaximal type of training could enable a group of middle-aged men to increase the isometric forces of the thigh muscles by almost 50% when completing a MVC test following training. This suggests that this is a more suitable, safer form of maintaining and increasing maximal thigh forces for this, and older, age groups than specific isometric training alone.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Thigh circumference and thigh-to-head ratio in preterm and term infants.

The diagnosis of altered fetal growth requires multiple criteria that include not only weight and length measurements, but also head, abdominal, and thigh circumference measurements. This cross-sectional study presents the normal standards for thigh circumference, thigh-to-head ratio, and Rohrer's ponderal index in newborn infants from 27 to 41 weeks' gestation, in relation to gestational age and birth weight. A thigh-to-head ratio of < 0.38 and a ponderal index < 2.3 in a term infant are important measurements for appropriate diagnosis of impaired fetal growth. These standards may also serve as reference for comparison with fetal ultrasonographic measurements.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1991

Electrical stimulation of the thigh muscles after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. Effects of electrically elicited contraction of the quadriceps femoris and hamstring muscles on gait and on strength of the thigh muscles.

The effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the strength of the thigh muscles and on gait were examined in ten patients after reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament. The patients were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: neuromuscular electrical stimulation and volitional exercise, or volitional exercise alone. A four-week course of electrically elicited co-contraction of the thigh muscles resulted in significant attenuation of the characteristic loss of strength of the quadriceps as compared with volitional exercise. There was no significant difference between groups in any measure of performance of the hamstring muscles. In the group that received neuromuscular electrical stimulation, the values for cadence, walking velocity, stance time of the involved limb, and flexion-excursion of the knee during stance were significantly different from those of the volitional exercise group. Flexion-excursion of the knee during stance was directly and significantly correlated with strength of the quadriceps femoris muscle. Flexion of the knee during stance was qualitatively different in the involved extremity as compared with the uninvolved extremity in all patients. There is a rapid flexion of the knee at weight acceptance that is maintained throughout stance and probably reflects stabilization of the joint by muscular coactivation to compensate for weakness of the quadriceps. The patients who received neuromuscular electrical stimulation had stronger quadriceps muscles and more normal gait patterns than those in the volitional exercise group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

A combined anterolateral thigh flap, anteromedial thigh flap, and vascularized iliac bone graft for a full-thickness defect of the mental region.

A triple combined anterolateral thigh flap, anteromedial thigh flap, and vascularized iliac bone graft was used for reconstruction of a full-thickness defect of the mental region after wide resection of advanced tongue cancer. The distal end of the pedicle vessels of these double skin flaps, i.e., the lateral circumflex femoral system, was directly anastomosed in tandem to the pedicle of the iliac bone graft, which was enveloped by these flaps. The advantages of this iliac osteocutaneous flap are as follows: It can be transferred within a shorter surgical time because the flaps can be obtained in the supine position simultaneously with tumor resectioning; and its skin components can be separated from the bone because each component has its own pedicle vessels, has a longer vascular pedicle (> 10 cm), and has a thicker crest of the bone graft. This flap is believed to be suitable for reconstruction of large full-thickness defects in various sizes of the mandibular and maxillary regions of the face.

Aged↗
PubMed1981

Isolated profunda femoris artery occlusion: the mechanism of thigh claudication studied by 99mTc muscle clearance from the thigh and calf.

99mTc muscle clearance from the gastrocnemius and quadriceps and ankle pressure measurements have been studied in 5 limbs of 5 patients with an isolated profunda femoris artery occlusion shown on the aortogram. The changes of flow and pressure which occurred after exercise may explain the hemodynamics of thigh claudication which is the consequence of thigh deprivation in favour of calf flow.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Microvascular transfer of the heel pad to a thigh stump. Functional benefit of the distal support in prosthetic fitting of the amputated thigh].

The emergency transfer of a composite microvascular graft comprising the calcaneum, heel-pad and plantar skin in a twelve-year-old child allowed the amputation level to be changed from the upper to the lower third of the thigh and full weight-bearing solely on the bottom of the prosthesis was achieved. This method has several functional and trophic advantages which justify its performance when the indications are appropriate.

Amputation, Surgical↗
PubMed2001

Effects of intermittent pneumatic compression of the calf and thigh on arterial calf inflow: a study of normals, claudicants, and grafted arteriopaths.

BACKGROUND: Recent data indicate that intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) of the foot may offer benefits in patients with intermittent claudication exceeding those of standard medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration. IPC of the foot (IPC(foot)) and calf (IPC(calf)) increases flow velocity in infrainguinal arterial bypass grafts and thus may prevent arterial thrombosis. Our aim was to evaluate the acute effects of IPC of the thigh (IPC(thigh)), IPC(calf), and IPC of the thigh and calf (IPC(calf + thigh)) in healthy controls, claudicants, and arteriopaths who have undergone infrainguinal bypass grafting for critical or subcritical limb ischemia. METHODS: Sixteen limbs of normals (group A), 17 limbs of claudicants (group B), and 16 limbs of arteriopaths (group C) who had undergone infrainguinal autologous revascularization were studied. Blood flow was measured in the limbs of normals and claudicants in the popliteal artery and in the grafts of revascularized limbs by using duplex ultrasonography. Mean velocity (mV), peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity (EDV), pulsatility index (PI), and volume flow (Q) were measured in the sitting position at rest and within 10 seconds from the delivery of IPC(thigh), IPC(calf), and IPC(calf + thigh), IPC was delivered at maximum inflation and deflation pressures of 120 mm Hg and 0 mm Hg, respectively; inflation and deflation times of 4 and 16 seconds, respectively; and a proximal inflate delay of 1 second (calf compression preceding that of thigh). RESULTS: In all 3 groups with all IPC modes, the Q, mV, and EDV increased while PI decreased (P <.05). IPC(thigh) was less effective than IPC(calf), but still increased Q (by 114%, 57%, and 59.8% in groups A, B, and C, respectively) and EDV, while decreasing PI in all 3 groups (P <.05). IPC(calf + thigh) was the most efficient mode, generating an increase in the median Q of 424% in controls, 229% in claudicants, and 317% in grafted arteriopaths. The addition of IPC(thigh) to IPC(calf) increased the mV and Q in group A (P < or = .044); the mV, Q, and EDV in group B (P < or = .03), and mV and PI by 24% and -27% in group C, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: IPC applied to the thigh, either alone or in combination with IPC(calf), generates native arterial and infrainguinal autologous graft flow enhancement. The paucity of conservative methods available for lower limb blood flow augmentation may allow IPC of the lower limb to emerge as a reliable, noninvasive therapeutic option, ameliorating claudication and assisting infrainguinal bypass graft flow. IPC(thigh) adds to the armamentarium of currently known IPC options (foot or calf) promoting its applicability and efficacy.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Does thigh compression improve venous hemodynamics in chronic venous insufficiency?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the hemodynamic effects of thigh compression in patients with deep venous incompetence. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This diagnostic test study was set in a municipal general hospital. Twelve patients with venous leg ulcers (CEAP classification, C6 Es Ad Pr; four men and eight women), with a mean age of 56.5 +/- 16.8 years, with popliteal venous reflux of more than 1 second detected with duplex scan, underwent investigation with the following methods: 1, the pressure exerted under thigh-length compression stockings class II and short-stretch adhesive compression bandages was measured with an MST tester (Salzmann, Switzerland) and a CCS 1000 device (Juzo, Germany), respectively; 2, the great saphenous vein and the femoral vein on the thigh were compressed with a pneumatic cuff (0, 20, 40, and 60 mm Hg) containing a window through which the diameters of these veins could be measured with duplex ultrasonography; and 3, with the same thigh-cuff occlusion procedure, the venous filling index (VFI) for each experiment was measured with air plethysmography. These values reflected the presence and extent of venous reflux in each experiment depending on the degree of venous narrowing. RESULTS: The mean pressure of a class II compression stocking was about 15 mm Hg at the thigh level, and adhesive bandages achieved a pressure of more than 40 mm Hg in the same location. A statistically significant reduction of the diameters of the great saphenous vein and the femoral vein could be obtained only when the cuff pressure on the thigh was equal to or higher than 40 mm Hg (P <.001). A reduction of the venous reflux (VFI) was achieved only with a thigh pressure of 60 mm Hg (P <.001). No significant reduction was seen of VFI with a thigh pressure in the range of the class II stockings. Previous investigations have shown that, in patients with deep venous incompetence, a pressure cuff on the thigh with 60 to 80 mm Hg is able to reduce ambulatory venous hypertension. CONCLUSION: Thigh compression as exerted with class II thigh-length compression stockings is not able to significantly reduce venous diameter or venous reflux. However, with a pressure of 40 to 60 mm Hg on the thigh that can be achieved with strongly applied short-stretch bandages, considerable hemodynamic improvement, including reduced venous reflux, can be obtained in patients with severe stages of chronic venous insufficiency from deep vein incompetence. The practical value of these preliminary findings should be investigated with further clinical trials.

Bandages↗
PubMed1997

An anatomic comparison of septocutaneous free flaps from the thigh region.

Various free flaps have been utilized in the thigh region, however there are few systematic clinicoanatomic studies of the thigh region. The purpose of this study is to clarify the clinicoanatomic characteristics of the free septocutaneous thigh flap. Forty-two dissections were carried out in unenbalmed cadavers. The pedicle was observed in all specimens in the anterolateral thigh (ALT), medial thigh, gluteal thigh, and lateral thigh flaps. The pedicle was observed in 46% of the specimens in the anteromedial thigh flap. The pedicle was observed in 86% of the specimens in the posterior thigh flap. The pedicle length (153 +/- 23 mm) of the ALT flap was the longest pedicle in the thigh flaps. The internal diameter of the pedicle of the ALT flap (3.0 +/- 1.0 mm), which could be used for anastomosis, is the largest in the septocutaneous thigh flaps. The clinicoanatomic characteristics of thigh flaps are clarified.

Aged↗