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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

'Natural' desiccated thyroid. A 'health-food' thyroid preparation.

"Natural" thyroid preparations, a type of bovine desiccated thyroid, are sold without prescription in "health-food" stores or by mail; they may or may not contain thyroid hormone. One such preparation was the cause of erratic thyroid test results in a patient who took it instead of thyroxine. Further study showed that the preparation contained biologically active thyroid hormone and was capable of causing hyperthyroidism. Natural thyroid preparations are biologically active yet unstandardized; because the hormonal content of a natural thyroid product is unknown, its use as a substitute for thyroxine can lead either to relapse of hypothyroidism or to hyperthyroidism.

Adult↗

Selection of thyroid preparations.

Hypothyroidism is gratifying to treat, since the response to hormone replacement therapy is excellent. Synthetic levothyroxine is now considered the drug of choice because its effects are more predictable and reliable than those of other thyroid preparations. The choice of dose is based on clinical effects of treatment and on achieving normal levels of triiodothyronine, thyroxine and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). The availability of a new, ultrasensitive TSH assay has increased the value of TSH assay for monitoring the response to hormone replacement therapy.

Drug Combinations↗

An affinity chromatography-gel filtration device for preparing thyroid microsomal antigen.

On the basis of conventional differential centrifugation for preparing crude thyroid microsomal antigen (TMAg), we have employed Sepharose 4B gel filtration and affinity chromatography separately to study the elution pattern in terms of absorbance and antigenic activity. The result indicates that thyroglobulin (TG) exists in two forms in crude TMAg, i.e., 'free TG' and 'membrane-bound TG'. TMAg is present in two forms in the eluate: (1) the TM fragment or TMAg polymer, which is produced at a higher rate and has greater antigenic activity, but which is less pure; (2) soluble TMAg, which is produced at a lower rate and has less antigenic activity, but which is more pure. We have developed an affinity chromatography-gel filtration (AC-GF) device which is a combination of affinity chromatography and a Sepharose 4B column. Sephadex G-50 is placed between the rubber stopper and Sepharose 4B in the GF column to ensure intactness of the entire system. With such a device, the AC removes the contaminated TG from TM homogenate, and allows the latter to pass directly from AC to GF for rechromatography. This device extracts the full advantages of both methods and each compensates for any deficiency of the other. Using this one-step procedure, one has the greatest chance of removing TG and obtaining TM fragments of TMAg polymers of higher antigenic activity, as well as separating small amounts of more purified soluble TMAg. Thus, the newly developed method meets the need of large quantities of TMAg for practical application, and at the same time the more purified preparations can be used for analytical purposes.

Autoantigens↗

Determination of liothyronine and levothyroxine in thyroid preparations by liquid chromatography.

Liothyronine and levothyroxine were quantitatively determined in samples of commercial thyroid tablets and bulk powders. Samples were first hydrolyzed using a bacterial protease and then analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Various hydrolysis conditions were investigated. The liothyronine and levothyroxine contents of commercial tablets and bulk powders were found to be approximately 8-11 micrograms and 25-43 micrograms, respectively, per 65 mg of thyroid. The stability of the iodothyronines in thyroid tablets was also investigated.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

Triiodothyronine; clinical effects in patients with suboptimal response to other thyroid preparations.

Thirty patients with evidence of hypometabolism or a clinically related condition were given triiodothyronine after suboptimal response to thyroxin or desiccated thyroid. DL- and L-isomers of triiodothyronine were used and compared. Thirteen patients (43.3 per cent) were improved and 17 (56.6 per cent) were unimproved or became worse. Side effects occurred in 9 of 34 trials (26 per cent), and could not always be eliminated by decreasing the dosage. The highest percentage of good response occurred in a small group (four of five) who received a combination of desiccated thyroid or thyroxin with supplemental triiodothyronine. Despite careful analysis of the data, no basis was found on which to predict which patients would receive benefit from the triiodothyronine. However, the occasional improvement, sometimes dramatic, suggested that a therapeutic trial with triiodothyronine in difficult or unresponsive cases of hypometabolism or hypothyroidism is justified.

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal↗