SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “TRIMs”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

CREAT: A CRISPR-Based Genome Trimming Strategy for Systematic Identification of Dispensable Regions and Rapid Genome Reduction.

The construction of minimal-genome microbes offers an ideal platform for understanding fundamental biological processes and synthetic biology, yet the research is hindered by incomplete lists of essential genes in microbes and by multiple rounds of genome trimming with a trial-and-error nature. To address this, we introduce CREAT (CRISPR-based genome trimming with a multi-homology-arm template)-a streamlined approach that integrates CRISPR-targeted genome cleavage and homology arm walking to classify essential from non-essential genomic subregions, thus providing the basis for predicting essential genes in a given organism. These essential genes were then assembled into synthetic gene cassettes for one-step replacement of the targeted non-deletable genomic regions for further genome trimming. Eight consecutive rounds of CREAT genome trimming achieved a 20.8% reduction in genome size in Saccharolobus islandicus. Furthermore, Cas9-based CREAT genome trimming was developed for Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, with efficiency greatly enhanced by the λ-Red recombinase in the latter. Together, this iterative application of CREAT provides a scalable and generally applicable strategy for rapidly constructing minimal genomes across diverse microorganisms.

CRISPR-Cas Systems↗

PubMed1978

Methods for precisely trimming block faces for ultramicrotomy.

Two devices are described to aid in trimming block faces of embedded tissue for ultramicrotomy. The first, a reticle to fit the ocular of a stereomicroscope, can be manufactured by the ultramicrotomist and is designed to outline the edges of the block face so that it can be trimmed to a standard size and shape with the area of interest centered in it. The second, a rectangular "trimalign" block mounted in the knife holder of the ultramicrotome, is, with the block face, aligned to the plane of sectioning, and aids in retrimming the top and bottom edges of the block face. This is the simplest trimming device yet described and the first which will, from any sort of embedded material, produce a block face with parallel top and bottom edges even if the block face is not perpendicular to the axis of the specimen holder. If the edge of the diamond knife used for sectioning is parallel to the axis of rotation of the knife holder, the block face has also been automatically aligned to the kinfe as a consequence of this aligning and trimming procedure. As a result, sectioning can begin immediately without further adjustments.

Microtomy↗

PubMed2026

The TRIM-cancer paradox: BCG as a programmable vaccine platform and a mechanistic probe for rational immunotherapy design.

BCG, a first-generation live vaccine, is being reconsidered as an immunological platform. Interest in its heterologous protection intensified during the pandemic. However, large-scale clinical trials revealed inconsistencies in the efficacy of native BCG. This review argues that BCG's main value lies in its potential as a modifiable vector platform and in its ability to reveal tractable molecular pathways for therapeutic design. This review summarizes the molecular basis of BCG-induced trained immunity (TRIM), focusing on PRR-driven signaling, metabolic rewiring, and epigenetic remodeling in innate immune cells and hematopoietic progenitors. It also maps their convergence with pathways that sustain pro-tumorigenic inflammation. The original conceptual paradigm of the "TRIM-Cancer Paradox" is presented. This paradigm posits that the same innate immune circuits that mediate protective heterologous responses can drive tumor-promoting inflammation and immune escape under conditions of chronic dysregulation. Recombinant BCG (rBCG) is further analyzed as a strategy to rationally amplify or redirect these circuits, the current clinical landscape of BCG-based interventions across various diseases and oncological malignancies is highlighted, and specific molecular nodes that could be exploited to increase the precision, efficacy, and safety of rBCG-based therapies are identified. Overall, this review proposes BCG a programmable immunological platform and to use the TRIM-Cancer Paradox as a novel design principle for next-generation rBCG platforms that transcend traditional vaccinology and cancer immunotherapy applications.

Humans↗

PubMed1976

A blade guide for hand trimming resin blocks for ultramicrotomy.

A simple razor blade guide is described for trimming resin blocks for ultramicrotomy. Slices of unwanted resin (with or without tissues) may be removed at controlled thickness from the sides or tops of blocks leaving smaller blocks with smooth, flat surfaces. Either flat-embedded or dowel-mounted specimens may be trimmed.

Microtomy↗

PubMed1977

Preoperative topical antibiotics and lash trimming in cataract surgery.

Fifty patients admitted for cataract extraction had their lids and conjunctive cultured two days preoperatively, on the morning of surgery, and on each of the first four postoperative mornings. Multiple topical preoperative antibiotics given for forty-eight hours before surgery produced a marked reduction in the periocular bacterial flora, an effect which persisted throughout the postoperative period. Lash trimming prior to surgery did not alter the periocular bacterial flora present on the morning of surgery or at any time during the first four postoperative days. While multiple preoperative topical antibiotics may reduce the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis through suppression of periocular bacterial flora, no such role can be postulated for lash trimming.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed2024

Aire mediates tolerance to insulin through thymic trimming of high-affinity T cell clones.

Insulin is a central autoantigen in the pathogenesis of T1D, and thymic epithelial cell expression of insulin under the control of the Autoimmune Regulator (Aire) is thought to be a key component of maintaining tolerance to insulin. In spite of this general working model, direct detection of this thymic selection on insulin-specific T cells has been somewhat elusive. Here, we used a combination of highly sensitive T cell receptor transgenic models for detecting thymic selection and sorting and sequencing of Insulin-specific CD4+ T cells from Aire-deficient mice as a strategy to further define their selection. This analysis revealed a number of unique t cell receptor (TCR) clones in Aire-deficient hosts with high affinity for insulin/major histocompatibility complex (MHC) ligands. We then modeled the thymic selection of one of these clones in Aire-deficient versus wild-type hosts and found that this model clone could escape thymic negative selection in the absence of thymic Aire. Together, these results suggest that thymic expression of insulin plays a key role in trimming and removing high-affinity insulin-specific T cells from the repertoire to help promote tolerance.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Oligosaccharide chains are trimmed during synthesis of the envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus.

The biosynthesis and maturation of the oligosaccharide moieties of the envelope glycoprotein of vesicular stomatitis virus were investigated in virus-infected HeLa and BHK21 cells after pulse labeling with [2-3H]mannose. Two major forms of the virus glycoprotein were detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which appear to correspond to the viral glycoprotein with either "precursor" or "mature" oligosaccharide chains. The precursor chains in both HeLa and BHK21 cells infected with vesicular stomatitis virus obtained after a 30-min pulse were large oligomannose structures containing approximately 7--9 mannose residues as estimated by gel filtration analysis. The size of the oligomannose structures initially transferred to the protein may have been even larger. Mature, virus-size oligosaccharide chains, which could be detected after a 20- to 30-min delay, contained only three mannose residues and, in addition, contained branch structures terminating in sialic acid. A precursor--product relationship of these two forms of oligosaccharide chains was demonstrated by pulse--chase labeling of virus-infected HeLa cells. These studies indicated that the large oligomannosyl core structures initially added to the glycoprotein were being "trimmed" by the removal of mannose residues prior to (and/or during) the addition of the branch chains terminating in sialic acid.

Cells, Cultured↗

PubMed2026

Trimming galactose side chains of arabinogalactan proteins alters pectin and hemicellulose deposition in secondary cell walls of Arabidopsis thaliana floral stem internodes.

Shaping the cell wall composition and structure to meet the requirements of different tissues and developmental stages relies on multiple actors, including arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). Although the specific role of these proteins in cell wall dynamics is still under debate, especially in events involving significant remodeling of the cell wall, their carbohydrate motif, type II arabinogalactan (AGII), seems to be crucial for their function. This study aims to investigate the function of AGII, specifically the galactose residues of its side chains, in the structural organization of the cell wall during the cessation of elongation and the transition to secondary growth. To achieve this, we characterized floral stem internodes of Arabidopsis thaliana plants overproducing the chickpea βV-galactosidase protein (35S::βV-Gal plants), an enzyme that specifically hydrolyzes the β-(1,3)- and β-(1,6)-galactosyl residues of AGII. Changes induced in the cell wall by trimming galactose residues of AGII resulted in a noticeable increase in homogalacturonan methyl esterification. Additionally, these neutral galactose side chains may regulate hemicellulose-cellulose interactions and influence xylan distribution through the cellulose network, which in turn affects the deposition of lignin and determines its recalcitrance to enzymatic degradation.

Arabidopsis↗

PubMed1979

Levels of mercury and silver in dust from the trimming of amalgam dies.

The levels of mercury and silver in dust arising from the trimming, i.e. grinding, of amalgam dies in dental laboratories have been measured. In breathing air close to the workpiece, the mercury and silver contents exceeded the threshold limit values for short-term exposure by factors of aboit 60 and 400 in cases when local ventilation was not in use. With efficient local exhaust systems enabling a dust reduction of about 94%, the short-term exposure limit values for mercury and silver were exceeded by factors of about 4 and 20 respectively. Mercury and silver were assayed quantitatively by means of nuclear chemical analysis. A major part of the amalgam dust consisted of respirable particles. The collected dust comprised about 80% amalgam and 20% particulate matter from grinding wheels and stones according to SEM and EDAX measurements.

Air Pollutants↗

PubMed1976

Device for manual trimming of tissue blocks for ultramicrotomy.

An instrument for the precise trimming of flat or cylindrical embedded specimens to be sectioned in an ultramicrotome is described. It will produce the required truncated pyramid accurately by hand slicing. A simple modification to the LKB specimen holder allows it to be used with the Reichert ultramicrotome as well.

Microtomy↗

PubMed1979

[The polymerization temperature of Scutan, Palavit 55 and Trim].

Synchronous temperature measurements with thermocouples in the coronal pulp and in temporary plastic crowns were undertaken in "in vitro" tests which were very similar to "in vivo" conditions. 1. The plastics Scutan and Palavit 55 used in connection with Frasaco strip crowns irreversibly damaged the coronal pulp during the polymerization process because the polymerization temperature was as high as 46C. 2. The plastic Trim used in connection with Frasaco strip crowns produced temperatures as high as 39 C in the coronal pulp. 3. The temperature in the coronal pulp dropped to 35 C when Palavit 55 was used together with an alginate cast.

Alginates↗

PubMed1978