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PubMed2026

Identification and functional analysis of MeJA-responsive bHLH family genes in Taraxacum kok-saghyz.

Taraxacum kok-saghyz (T. kok-saghyz) is considered a highly promising alternative source of natural rubber (NR), as its roots synthesize high-molecular-weight NR comparable to that produced by Hevea brasiliensis. The basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) family of transcription factors (TFs) plays crucial roles in plant organogenesis, hormonal signal transduction, and the regulation of secondary metabolism. This study aimed to systematically identify TkbHLH family members and to elucidate their potential functions in responding to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and regulating root development. Based on the T. kok-saghyz genome, 172 TkbHLH members were identified and phylogenetically classified into 16 subfamilies. Among these, 37 genes were selected due to their significant induction by MeJA. Sequence analysis confirmed all encoded proteins contain the conserved bHLH domain. Subcellular localization verified nuclear localization of five core TkbHLH proteins. Interactions were shown by yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation, revealing these proteins form homodimers and heterodimers. Notably, a specific interaction was detected between TkbHLH162 and TkHMGS1, a key enzyme in the mevalonate (MVA) pathway, suggesting a potential molecular link between JA signaling and the rubber biosynthesis precursor pathway. Functional characterization via overexpression assays showed that selected TkbHLH genes significantly either promoted or inhibited root elongation. In summary, this study presents the first systematic characterization of the bHLH TF family in T. kok-saghyz, elucidating its involvement in JA signal response, protein interaction networks, and root development regulation. These findings provide a crucial foundation for further investigation into the molecular mechanisms by which TkbHLH TFs influence root morphogenesis and NR biosynthesis in T. kok-saghyz.

Taraxacum kok-saghyz (T. kok-saghyz)↗
PubMed2026

Genome-wide analysis of the plant-specific PLATZ gene family in Taraxacum kok-saghyz and its roles in response to drought and salt tolerance.

Abiotic stress severely limits plant growth and productivity. Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin (TKS), known for its environmental resilience, represents a valuable resource for identifying stress-tolerant genes to improve stress-adaptive crops. Plant AT-rich protein and zinc-binding protein (PLATZ) transcription factors serve as core regulators of plant growth, developmental processes, and adaptive responses to various stress conditions; however, they remain uncharacterized in TKS. Here, we identified 10 TksPLATZ genes through a whole-genome analysis. Phylogenetically, these genes were grouped into five distinct evolutionary branches. Promoter sequence analysis revealed multiple types of cis-acting regulatory elements that are connected with hormonal signal responses and environmental stress adaptation. Integrated analysis of transcriptome datasets and RT-qPCR validation demonstrated that TksPLATZ genes display tissue-specific expression profiles and show distinct responsive patterns to drought and salt stress treatments. Among them, TksPLATZ1, TksPLATZ2 and TksPLATZ7 were markedly induced under both stressors and were selected for further functional study. We demonstrated that TksPLATZ1, TksPLATZ2 and TksPLATZ7 localize to the cell nucleus and act as transcriptional activators and repressors, respectively. Phenotypic data from overexpression experiments in plants confirm that heterologous expression of TksPLATZ1, TksPLATZ2, and TksPLATZ7 enhances the tolerance of Arabidopsis to salt and osmotic stress. These findings provide valuable genetic resources for improving plant tolerance to environmental stresses.

Salt Tolerance↗
PubMed2025

Broad-spectrum antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of dandelion endophytic bacteria against multidrug-resistant bacteria.

Microbial secondary metabolites have long served as a key source of natural product-based drugs. This study evaluates the antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antioxidant activities of endophytic bacteria derived from dandelion, focusing on their effects against multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolates. In total, 33 endophytic bacteria strains were isolated from Taraxacum ohwianum, representing 15 genera. Among these, 13 exhibited antibacterial activity, with 6 demonstrating efficacy against MDR clinical isolates. The endogenous strain Bacillus velezensis DR8 showed strong antibacterial activity against all three MDR strains tested and exerted inhibitory effects on the biofilm formation and dispersal of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Genome sequencing and antibiotics and secondary metabolite analysis shell analysis revealed that this strain harbors 12 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) associated with secondary metabolite production. Of these, seven BGCs exhibited ≥ 80% similarity to known clusters, suggesting the potential to synthesize surfactin, difficidin, fengycin, bacillaene, macrolactin H, bacilysin, and bacillibactin. Overall, these findings indicate that endophytic bacteria from dandelion are a potential source of antibacterial compounds and biofilm formation inhibitors.

Endophytes↗
PubMed2026

Resolving taxonomic complexity in the genus Boechera (Brassicaceae) using the Boechera Microsatellite Website: a case study of the rare triploid B. bodiensis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The genus Boechera (rock cress) comprises ∼75 sexual diploid taxa and >355 genetically distinct hybrid lineages, many of which reproduce asexually through apomixis. This complex reproductive landscape poses substantial challenges for taxonomy, similar to those encountered in genera such as Taraxacum, Hieracium, Poa and Rubus. The Boechera Microsatellite Website (BMW) offers an extensive database and analytical tools that are proving instrumental in resolving these difficulties. Here, we demonstrate the utility of the BMW through analysis of Boechera bodiensis, a rare and poorly understood species endemic to the western Great Basin of the USA. METHODS: First described as Arabis bodiensis by Rollins in 1982, this taxon is sparsely represented in herbaria and has long been considered a candidate for protection under the Endangered Species Act. However, its taxonomic identity has remained uncertain owing to morphological similarities with other 'Arabis' (Boechera) taxa. We integrate microsatellite DNA data from the BMW with morphological analyses to provide a clearer understanding of the taxonomic status, distribution and evolutionary origins of B. bodiensis. KEY RESULTS: Pollen studies reveal that B. bodiensis is a diplosporous apomict. Microsatellite genotyping of the holotype confirms it to be triploid, containing three subgenomes derived from Boechera cobrensis, B. fernaldiana and B. sparsiflora. Expanded microsatellite surveys detect this triploid genotype at 22 additional sites, primarily in Mono County, CA, USA. Morphological analyses of genetically verified specimens identify a consistent set of characters that distinguish B. bodiensis from co-occurring congeners. CONCLUSIONS: The BMW enables high-resolution analyses of genome composition, reproductive mode and hybrid origins, making it a powerful tool for resolving taxonomic complexity in Boechera. Our case study of B. bodiensis highlights the effectiveness of combining molecular and morphological data to clarify species boundaries, inform conservation assessments and refine nomenclatural understanding in this notoriously difficult genus.

Microsatellite Repeats↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Karyotypes of the stem eelworms from wild-growing plants].

Unlike the stem eelworms of cultivated plants, which have n = 12, the stem eelworms of wild plants (Picris sp., Taraxacum officinale, Hieracium pratense, H. pilosella, Cirsium setosum and Falcaria vulgaris) possess high chromosomal numbers (from n = 19 in the first to n = 28 in the latter). Due to this the stem eelworms of wild plants must be separated from the collective species Ditylenchus dipsaci. Apparently these forms of stem eelworms are distinct species polyploid in their origin.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Genetic and physiological compatibility of different forms of stem eelworms. VI. The crossing of eelworms from cultivated plants and weeds].

The crossing of stem eelworms of onion and red clover with these from Cirsium setosum and Taraxacum officinale resulted in the fertilization of females, egglaying and embriogenesis. However, the hybrid eggs died, as a rule. Only in one experiment a large population developed up to F5 but few hybrids survived to F10. The studied stem eelworms of weeds are genetically non-compatible with Ditylenchus dipsaci of onion and red clover and are distinct species.

Animals↗
PubMed2023

Dandelion uses the single-cell adaptive immune receptor repertoire to explore lymphocyte developmental origins.

Assessment of single-cell gene expression (single-cell RNA sequencing) and adaptive immune receptor (AIR) sequencing (scVDJ-seq) has been invaluable in studying lymphocyte biology. Here we introduce Dandelion, a computational pipeline for scVDJ-seq analysis. It enables the application of standard V(D)J analysis workflows to single-cell datasets, delivering improved V(D)J contig annotation and the identification of nonproductive and partially spliced contigs. We devised a strategy to create an AIR feature space that can be used for both differential V(D)J usage analysis and pseudotime trajectory inference. The application of Dandelion improved the alignment of human thymic development trajectories of double-positive T cells to mature single-positive CD4/CD8 T cells, generating predictions of factors regulating lineage commitment. Dandelion analysis of other cell compartments provided insights into the origins of human B1 cells and ILC/NK cell development, illustrating the power of our approach. Dandelion is available at https://www.github.com/zktuong/dandelion .

Humans↗