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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1978

Spectrophotometric determination of pyrantel tartrate in swine feeds by method of standard additions: collaborative study.

The spectrophotometric method for pyrantel tartrate in swine feeds was collaboratively studied. Twenty-seven laboratories assayed feeds containing 0.0103, 0.0965, and 0.7902% pyrantel tartrate. Repeatability (sigmao) and reproducibility (sigmax) standard deviations were: sigmao = 0.00068%, sigmax = 0.00105% (10% of grand mean) for 0.0103% pyrantel tartrate level; sigmao - 0.0065%, sigmax = 0.0090% (10% of grand mean) for 0.0965% pyrantel tartrate level; and sigmao = 0.0415%, sigmax = 0.0743% (10% of grand mean) for 0.7902% pyrantel tartrate level. The mean theoretical recovery values for feeds containing 0.0103, 0.0965, and 0.7902% were 100, 97, and 96%, respectively. The method was adopted as official first action for feeds or concentrates containing 0.0106-0.8811% pyrantel tartrate.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1975

Unidirectional inhibition and activation of "malic' enzyme of Solanum tuberosum by meso-tartrate.

A kinetic study of "malic' enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40) from potato suggests that the mechanism is Ordered Bi Ter with NADP+ binding before malate, and NADPH binding before pyruvate and HCO3-. The analysis is complicated by the non-linearity that occurs in some of the plots. meso-Tartrate is shown to inhibit the oxidative decarboxylation of malate but to activate the reductive carboxylation of pyruvate. To explain these unidirectional effects it is suggested that the control site of "malic' enzyme binds organic acids (including meso-tartrate) which activate the enzyme. meso-Tartrate, however, competes with malate for the active site and thus inhibits the oxidative decarboxylation of malate. Because meso-tartrate does not compete effectively with pyruvate for enzyme-NADPH, its binding at the control site leads to a stimulation of the carboxylation of pyruvate. A similar explanation is advanced for the observation that malic acid stimulates its own synthesis.

Bicarbonates↗

PubMed1978

The cytochemistry of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Technical considerations.

Cytochemical demonstration of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity is essential for the diagnosis of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. In order to perform this test correctly and to interpret the results propertly, it is necessary to understand the technical details of the cytochemical methods thoroughly. The method using naphthol--ASBI phosphoric acid--fast garnet GBC is recommended for this purpose, and factors crucial to the cytochemical study, such as fixation, substrate, coupler, pH and temperature of incubation buffer, counterstains, and mounting media are examined and discussed. Conventional methods for acid phosphatase in the presence and absence of L(+) tartaric acid are also critically examined. The naphthol--ASBI phosphoric acid--fast garnet GBC method is sensitive, technically simple and easily reproducible. Its reaction product is highly chromogenic and is most suitable for cytochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in cytologic preparations. The naphthol--ASBI phosphoric acid--pararosaniline method is highly specific and is best for histochemical demonstration of acid phosphatase and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in tissue sections.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1979

Sézary syndrome. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in the neoplastic cells.

Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase has been known to be of diagnostic value in hairy cell leukemia. However, occasionally neoplastic cells of other varieties of lymphoproliferative disorders may contain tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. The authors have studied four patients with Sézary syndrome who had typical cutaneous lesions with extensive lymphoid infiltrates and circulating atypical E-rosetting lymphoid cells. The abnormal Sézary cells accounted for 23-69% of the peripheral mononuclear cells and often showed convoluted or folded nuclei. These cells in all four patients were strongly positive for acid phosphatase resistant to tartaric acid inhibition. Enzymatic cytochemical studies for acid phosphatase with and without tartrate may be helpful in the differential diagnosis of cutaneous T-cell lymphomas from variants of chronic dermatitis.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1979

[Mycoplasma synoviae control. II. Treatment of hatching eggs with tylosin tartrate (author's transl)].

Several strains of Mycoplasma synoviae isolated in the Netherlands during the past five years, were found to be sensitive to tylosin tartrate in vitro as well as in vivo. In one of four cases in which laying hens were infected experimentally, vertical transmission of the infective agent was demonstrated by the isolation of Mycoplasma synoviae from hatching eggs laid during the second and third weeks after infection. Treatment of experimentally infected eggs and eggs laid by infected flocks with 2.5 mg. of tylosin tartrate in the aircell on the ninth day of incubation resulted in the elimination of Mycoplasma synoviae. This procedure also underwent large-scale testing in the field. Injection of 0.8 and 1.5 mg. of tylosin tartrate into the albumen of non-incubated chicken eggs or turkey eggs through an area at a distance of approximately 1 cm. from the tapering extremity will probably provide an attractive alternative to egg-dipping in the control of mycoplasma infection.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Effect of pyrantel tartrate and carbadox on acquisition of the swine kidneyworm (Stephanurus dentatus) and other parasites by pigs on contaminated lots.

A combination of pyrantel tartrate (106 mg/kg of body weight) and carbadox (55 mg/kg of body weight) in ground feed was fed to 20 weaned pigs (av wt, 14.4 kg) for 42 days. Another group of 20 pigs included nontreated controls. The pigs were farrowed and suckled in a slat-floored farrowing house and had minimal exposure to the small intestinal threadworm (Stronglyoides ransomi) until they were placed on severely contaminated dirt lots at the start of the experiment. Five pigs from each of the two groups were necropsied on day 42. Carbadox was withheld from the feed for the 15 remaining treated pigs. All other pigs were necropsied when they attained market weight, 72 to 83 days layer. Treated pigs killed at market weight had 44% fewer (P less than 0.10) kidneyworms (Stephanurus dentatus) than did control pigs. A 17% increase (P less than 0.01) in the weights of livers of control pigs when compared with treated market-weight pigs was associated with an increase of fibrotic hepatic tissue of control pigs. Worm infections were reduced in the treated market-weight pigs: by 96% (P less than 0.05) for the large roundworm (Ascaris suum), 77% (P less than 0.01) for nodular worms (Oesophagostomum spp), and 64% (P less than 0.01) for the intestinal threadworm. There was some evidence for prophylaxis in market-weight pigs (P less than 0.10) against lungworms (Metastrongylus spp), but none against the whipworm (Trichuris suis) or thick stomach worms (Ascarops strongylina and Physocephalus sexalatus). Pigs given the pyrantel tartrate in feed until attaining market weight maintained a feed-to-gain ratio superior (7.1%) to that of nontreated pigs.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

[Zinc activated tartrate resistent phosphatases in the brains of different animal species and their characterization].

A zinc activated tartrate resistent phosphatase (ZnTP) of the brain of different animal species was separated by electrofocusing in polyacrylamide gels. It is demonstrable selectively in the presence of 20 mM zinc acetate and 10 mM D,L-sodium tartrate or of 100 mM zinc acetate only. The ZnTP hydrolyzes 1-naphthyl phosphate and 4-nitrophenyl phosphate, respectively. High activity of ZnTP is evident in the brains of rats and rabbits. The activity is moderate or absent in the brains of mice, syrian-hamsters, sheeps, cats, rhesus monkeys, and of human beings. The isoelectric points of the enzyme from the various species are different, but the molecular weight is identical (65 000 estimated by gelfiltration on Sephadex G 100 in the brain of rat, rabbit, syrian-hamster, and man). A method of quantitative evaluation of ZnTP activity is described.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Analgesic efficacy and acceptability of fenoprofen combined with paracetamol and compared with dihydrocodeine tartrate in general practice.

A single-blind between-patient study in general practice was made to examine the acceptability and analgesic efficacy of a combination of fenoprofen (200 mg) and paracetamol (500 mg) given 3 to 4 times daily for a period of 4 to 14 days in the treatment of acute and chronic pain. The combination was compared with dihydrocodeine tartrate (30 mg) in two groups of 75 patients suffering from a wide variety of presenting conditions, including osteo-arthritis, spondylitis, lumbago, sciatica, non-articular rheumatism and trauma. Clinical and patient assessment indicated that the combination was an effective analgesic combination, significantly better in success rate than dihydrocodeine tartrate and with a much lower incidence of side-effects (13% of patients receiving fenoprofen and paracetamol reported side-effects compared to 37% for the dihydrocodeine group). The combination demonstrated particular success in the treatment of non-articular rheumatism.

Acetaminophen↗

PubMed1977

Influence of synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone tartrate monohydrate on plasma gonadotropin concentration of normal males.

Synthetic thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) tartrate monohydrate was administered by rapid intravenous injection to nine normal males. Plasma thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured before and at selected periods after TRH injection. The mean plasma TSH value immediately prior to TRH injection was 3.5 muU/ml and the level 15 min after injection was 14.8 muU/ml. The mean plasma LH value immediately prior to TRH injection was 8.0 mIU/ml and the level 15 min after injection was 15.0 mIU/ml. The latter elevation was statistically significant (p less than 0.01), although it was just above the upper normal range. The mean plasma FSH value immediately prior to TRH injecion was 7.7 mIU/ml, and a significant difference was not observed after TRH administration. These results revealed that synthetic TRH tartrate monohydrate influenced the release of LH from the anterior pituitary.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Drug therapy reviews: evaluation of butorphanol tartrate.

The chemistry, pharmacology, uses, side effects, pharmacokinetics and dosage of butorphanol tartrate, a narcotic analgesic with antagonist properties, are reviewed. When administered intramuscularly or intravenously, butorphanol tartrate appears to be as effective for relieving moderate to severe pain as are pentazocine, meperidine and morphine. Butorphanol produces sedation more commonly and, at therapeutic dosages, depresses respiration as much as these other narcotic analgesics. A limited number of long-term clinical studies suggest a lower physical dependence liability with butorphanol than with other narcotic analgesics. Butorphanol is more expensive than morphine and, for most patients, offers no significant advantages over morphine for short-term use. Because butorphanol's cardiovascular effects are not completely understood, morphine also remains the drug of choice for pain associated with myocardial infarction.

Butorphanol↗

PubMed1979

Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia circumcincta resistant to levamisole, morantel tartrate and thiabendazole: occurrence of field strains.

Field strains of Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Ostertagia circumcincta, designated PF4 and PF5 respectively, were recovered from a farm on which the sole use of levamisole over a preceding 12 year period led to the development of anthelmintic resistance. The results of field observations and preliminary critical trials in both Merino and crossbred sheep showed that both species have varying degrees of resistance to three major anthelmintics; levamisole, morantel tartrate and thiabendazole. Mean worm count reductions for adult T colubriformis (PF4) for therapeutic doses of morantel tartrate, thiabendazole and levamisole in crossbreds were 45.7 per cent, 97.3 per cent and zero respectively, and for Merinos 80.7 per cent, 88.3 per cent and 92.0 per cent respectively. Against O circumcincta the corresponding reductions for crossbreds were 51.4 percent, 95.4 per cent and 20.3 per cent and for Merinos, 52.5 per cent, 73.1 per cent and 29.8 per cent. There was no statistically significant difference in the responses of both parasite species to either levamisole or morantel. This result suggests that resistance to the two chemically unrelated drugs may be co-inherited.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

Alkaline phosphatase and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity in cells of prolymphocytic leukemia.

In a typical case of prolymphocytic leukemia, blood smears and lymph node imprints have been investigated cytologically and cytochemically. It could be shown that many leukemic cells in both blood smears and lymph node imprints contained tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity. Furthermore, the lymph node imprints disclosed many cells with a positive alkaline phosphatase reaction. Such a reaction hitherto has not been described in malignant cells of lymphoproliferative diseases. The cytochemical results underline that prolymphocytic leukemia indeed is a separate entity which can be differentiated from hairy cell leukemia and chronic lymphatic leukemia not only morphologically but also cytochemically. In addition, the case shows that leukemic blood cells are not inevitably identical with those occurring in organ infiltrates.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1977

Autonomic hyperreflexia: intraoperative control with pentolinium tartrate.

Autonomic hyperreflexia (AH) is a clinical syndrome associated with the development of severe hypertension. It usually occurs in patients with high-level chronic spinal cord injury, and in response to stimuli associated with the distension of a hollow viscus. Protection against AH by the prophylactic use of pentolinium tartrate (Ansolysen) in doses of 10-15 mg was evaluated in a controlled study of unanaesthetized patients who were either quadriplegic or paraplegic and who were undergoing rectal and bladder surgical procedures. When compared with the control group, the systolic and diastolic arterial pressures during operation were significantly less (P less than 0.05) and remained near normal in the pretreated patients. The use of pentolinium to prevent or control AH during surgical procedures in patients with chronic spinal cord damage is a simple alternative to spinal or general anaesthesia.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Effects of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 2.4-dinitrophenol and pentolinium tartrate on behavioural thermoregulation in mice.

1 A new apparatus in which mice are allowed to shuttle between the warm and cool parts of a continuous oval tunnel has been designed for the measurement of drug effects on behavioural thermoregulation.2 The length of time that untreated mice spent in the warmer part of the apparatus (tunnel wall temperature 38 degrees C) was found to be inversely related to the temperature of the cooler part (wall temperature 18 degrees , 24 degrees or 30 degrees C).3 Mice treated with 2,4-dinitrophenol at a dose known to be hyperthermic at an ambient temperature of 32 degrees C (20 mg/kg s.c.) spent an increased length of time in the cooler part of the apparatus (wall temperature 18 degrees C) and did not exhibit any change in rectal temperature.4 Mice treated with pentolinium tartrate at a dose known to be hypothermic at room temperature (5.0 mg/kg i.v.) spent a decreased length of time in the cooler part of the apparatus (wall temperature 24 degrees C) and did not exhibit any change in rectal temperature.5 It is concluded from the above results that the apparatus can be used to measure drug effects on behavioural thermoregulation.6 In experiments of 30 min duration, mice treated with Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC) at doses known to be hypothermic and to lower oxygen consumption at room temperature (20 mg/kg i.p. or 2.0 mg/kg i.v.) spent a longer time in the warmer part of the apparatus between 15 and 30 min after injection. Rectal temperatures measured 30 min after injection were only slightly less than those of control mice. In these experiments the wall temperature of the cool tunnel was 24 degrees C.7 In experiments of 15 min duration, mice treated with Delta(9)-THC (20 mg/kg) and then placed in the apparatus spent more time in the cooler part of the apparatus (wall temperature 24 degrees C) and exhibited a large fall in rectal temperature.8 It is concluded that immediately after injection of Delta(9)-THC the mice do not attempt to oppose drug-induced falls in deep body temperature by moving into a warm environment and that only later do the animals demonstrate a preference for a warm environment.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

[Changes of plasma levels of TRH and its target hormones by two hour constant intravenous infusion of TRH tartrate in man (author's transl)].

Constant iv infusion of TRH tartrate for 2 hours was administered to normal men in a dosage of 0.5 (n=4), 1.0 (n=2) and 2 (n=4) mg/120 minutes. Measurements at every 15 minutes were performed for plasma levels of TRH, TSH, Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3) by radioimmunoassay. Plasma levels of TRH increased promptly and stayed at the same levels until the end of the infusion. The Mean Clearance Rate (MRC), Half-life and Volume of Distribution of TRH were respectively, 4.62 +/- 0.53 L/min. (M +/- SE), 17.8 +/- 3.8 minutes and 112 +/- 15 L in the 0.5 mg administered group and 6.38 +/- 2.50 L/min., 9.0 +/- 1.4 minutes and 82 +/- 30 L in the 2 mg administered group. Plasma levels of TRH increased in two phases, and increments of plasma TSH were dose dependable to the dosage of TRH. Plasma levels of T4 increased gradually in the course of TRH infusion and stayed at high levels even in the withdrawal phase of TRH. Plasma levels of T3 increased markedly during and after the TRH infusion in the 0.5 mg administered group, while increments of plasma T3 were minute in the 2 mg administered group. From the above data, it is suggested that the amount of TRH production in man, which is much more than has previously been reported, may indicate the existence of an extrahypothalamic synthesis of TRH in man.

Adult↗

PubMed1977

Biochemical characterization of the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase of human spleen with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis as a pyrophosphatase.

A tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was isolated from a human leukemic spleen by freeze-thawing in saline and purified by repeated chromatography on carboxymethyl-cellulose. The purified enzyme has a molecular weight of 64 000. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of inorganic and organic pyrophosphate as well as the phenolic ester of monoorthophosphate, with optimal activity between pH 5 and 6. However, there is no activity toward mono-orthophosphate esters of aliphatic alcohols. The present data have identified its catalytic function as a pyrophosphatase. However, it has properties different from the pyrophosphatase previously observed in normal animal tissues.

Acid Phosphatase↗

PubMed1977

Preliminary collaborative study of modified spectrophotometric determination of pyrantel tartrate in swine feeds by the method of standard additions.

A modified spectrophotometric method for determining pyrantel tartrate in swine feeds was subjected to a preliminary collaborative study. Two small-scale commercial pyrantel-medicated feed samples (0.0881 and 0.0106%) were assayed in replicate by 4 collaborators. The mean results of all laboratories were 0.0862 and 0.0112%. The mean coefficients of variation were 10.57 and 6.48%, repectively. Suggestions for improving recovery include the following: complete dissolution of standard, use of analytical grade KI, careful phase separation, thorough mixing, and minimum exposure of compound to light.

Animal Feed↗

PubMed1978

Tartrate-resistant (band 5) acid phosphatase activity measured by electrophoresis on acrylamide gel.

A tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase was isolated from a huma spleen infiltrated with reticulum cells of leukemic reticuloendotheliosis. The purified enzyme was used to establish the optimal conditions for quantitative analysis of this enzyme by electrophoresis on acrylamide gel. As little as 0.1 unit of enzyme activity (or 1 ng of the purified enzyme protein) could be quantitatively detected when it was mixed with 4 mg of albumin before electrophoresis.

Acid Phosphatase↗