SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Technology Transfer”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1989

[School feeding program in Guatemala: technology transfer to artisan bakers, producers of the nutritionally improved cookie].

The Ministry of Education of Guatemala requested from the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), the development of a solid food for delivery to school children who attend the official schools throughout the country. INCAP developed and transferred the processing technology to produce a nutritionally improved cookie to artisan bakers from the different regions of the country. The present paper describes the technological process, focusing on the training, supervision and quality control actions executed with approximately 100 micro baking enterprises, in 1988 and 1989. These actions have had a positive impact on the bakeries, a fact evidenced by the significant improvement of the conditions and processes of the nutritionally improved cookie production. The performance of the above-mentioned activities has allowed us to detect necessities, for the solution of which research and development of technologies are most important for their immediate transference to artisan bakers. Nevertheless, it is necessary to monitor and control the transferred technology, and efforts must continue to increase the effectiveness of the whole system which involves technology transference model, created for this project.

Child↗

PubMed1977

Issues along the Potomac: "efficacy" and "technology transfer".

"Efficacy" and "technology transfer" are currently subjects of intense interest to health-related agencies in Washington. These jargon terms refer to assuring that useful knowledge is applied to all who need it and that the application of ineffective technology is discouraged. There is no public or private institution responsible for either assembling data on efficacy or for quaranteeing that necessary studies are undertaken. The determination of efficacy is important for cost control, quality assurance, planning, and any national health insurance plan. Whether engaged principally in practice, teaching, or research, it is important for physicians not only to be conversant with these issues but to participate in the resolution of the questions involved.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Medical technology transfer: the inventor's perspective.

Technology transfer can be a difficult and frustrating experience for an inventor, one with a questionable outcome despite tremendous effort. A university-based inventor may find that there is a "technology transfer office" at his or her institution, but that it is poorly equipped to patent and license inventions. In such a case, the inventor may have to play a particularly active role in the patenting process and, especially, the marketing process. Furthermore, university-based inventors may find themselves caught up in issues of academic freedom and potential conflicts of interests. There are often no role models for entrepreneurial activity at a university, and as a result many inventors have had to leave their university positions to pursue financial gain from their inventions. When licensing inventions to companies, the "NIH syndrome" can be extremely frustrating. It is often difficult for the inventor to communicate his or her certain knowledge that the invention solves a specific problem perfectly. Also, an inventor may find that even if a company is interested and wishes to license the invention it may ultimately have little or no competence in the subject area and, as a result, the invention never finds its way to commercial production. Nonetheless, the rewards can be well worth the effort. If a successful license is reached and the device goes into production, there may be substantial personal financial reward for the inventor. If the university's patent policy is enlightened, a portion of the royalty income may support ongoing and future activities in the inventor's research laboratory.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Medical Laboratory Science↗

PubMed1990

Patents and technology transfer.

Although the discovery and transfer of technology from universities to industry has been taking place for many years, the surge of activity in areas related to biotechnology, over the past fifteen years, has been remarkable. As the very essence of university research requires rapid publication of results, it is particularly important that timely patenting activity take place if an orderly and profitable transfer of technology is to occur.

Biotechnology↗

PubMed1991

Medical technology transfer in major Chinese medical schools.

This paper examines how the decision-making process and its consequences affect medical technology transfer in major Chinese medical schools. Data are from a 1987 survey of 13 key medical universities, directly supervised by the Ministry of Public Health in the People's Republic of China. This paper limits itself to four types of laboratory equipment--electron microscopes, UV/VIS spectrophotometers, high-performance liquid chromatographs, and polygraphs. Decisions on the transfer of medical technology have been more decentralized in China since the economic reform in 1978. The major reason for schools to import these four types of equipment is their dissatisfaction with the quality of domestic products. Chinese medical schools depend heavily on the information provided at medical equipment exhibits and their neighboring schools. Their decisions to acquire the equipment are based more on the quality and service available than on the prices. Chinese medical schools face serious infrastructure problems in acquiring and maintaining these pieces of equipment. A number of suggestions are made for improving the efficiency of medical technology transfer in China.

China↗

PubMed1986

Toxic chemical disasters and the implications of Bhopal for technology transfer.

The dramatic disaster in 1984 at Bhopal, India, may be overshadowed in total impact by less immediate health effects characterized by long latency, cumulative damage, and subtle impairments. Transfer of chemical technology must be accompanied by transfer of the corresponding infratechnology, toxicology, only then can the process of technology transfer be managed with fewer risks, fewer costs, and fewer tragic surprises.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed1991

Medical technology transfer in major Chinese hospitals.

The objective of this article is to describe and analyze the decision-making process and its consequences for medical technology transfer in China. Data were obtained in 1987 from 35 elite teaching hospitals affiliated with 13 medical universities, directly supervised by the Ministry of Health in the People's Republic of China. This article focuses on three kinds of diagnostic equipment: computerized tomographs, ultrasonic diagnostic units, and high-power x-ray diagnostic apparatuses. Decision-making on the transfer of medical technology in China is decentralized. Most hospitals rely on foreign medical sales representatives and medical exhibits, and their decisions on the acquisition of equipment rely more on the services available than on the price of the product. Chinese hospitals also encounter serious infrastructure problems when buying medical equipment. A number of alternatives are suggested for improving the efficiency of medical technology transfer in China.

China↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Tissue culture-based rabies vaccines: vaccine production technology transfer.

Overcoming stagnation in rabies prevention programs in the developing world requires national strategies that include plans to adopt existing facilities for production of low-cost efficacious tissue culture-based vaccine. Transfer of tissue culture technology for the production of rabies vaccine has been supported by the World Health Organization and The Rockefeller Foundation, and in the fall of 1986 the location of the optimal site for the initial technology transfer program was agreed upon. Funds were provided to assemble training staff and to purchase the supplies and equipment to furnish a production facility at the Veterinary Products Company of Colombia (VECOL) located in Bogota, Colombia.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Technology transfer--the rôle of venture capital.

In summary, let me say that the transfer of technology can be managed successfully. In the context of 3i as a whole, we have supported 1600 start-ups in the last five years although, obviously, not necessarily in high-tech industries. In 1987 3i Ventures fully expects to invest a further few million pounds in either start-ups or pre-stock market companies within the health-care and biotechnology sectors. It requires that everyone involved, including the venture capitalist, fulfils their rôle with commitment. It can be a difficult and lengthy process, but it can also be fun and very rewarding.

Industry↗

PubMed1994

Technology transfer in digital mammography. Report of the Joint National Cancer Institute-National Aeronautics and Space Administration workshop of May 19-20, 1993.

Digital mammography is one of the most promising novel technologies for further improvement of early detection of breast cancer, offering important potential advantages: 1) improved image quality; 2) digital image processing for improved lesion contrast; 3) computer-aided diagnosis for enhanced radiologic interpretation; and 4) teleradiology for facilitated radiologic consultation. The Diagnostic Imaging Research Branch of the National Cancer Institute (NCI) recently funded an international, multidisciplinary, multi-institutional Digital Mammography Development Group for collaborations between NCI, the academic community, and industry to facilitate the integrated development and implementation of digital mammographic systems. Currently, however, digital mammography faces a number of fundamental technological roadblocks: 1) cost-effective digital detectors and displays for imaging systems; 2) the need for novel algorithms for image processing and computer-aided diagnosis; and 3) high performance, low cost digital networks to provide an "information superhighway" for teleradiology. To solve some of these technological problems, the Diagnostic Imaging Research Branch of NCI joined efforts with the Technology Transfer Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to pursue a federal technology transfer program in digital mammography. The authors discuss the findings and recommendations of the workshop entitled "Technology Transfer in Digital Mammography," which was organized and held jointly by the NCI and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration in May, 1993. Numerous innovative technologies of varying degree of promise for digital mammography were presented at the conference. In this article, specific technologies presented at the workshop by the federal and federally-supported laboratories are described, and critiques of these technologies by the leaders of the medical imaging community are presented.

Breast Neoplasms↗

PubMed1988

Quantitative management techniques in dietetics: improving practice through technology transfer.

A content analysis of articles appearing chronologically in the Journal of The American Dietetic Association since its inception in 1925 reveals the breadth and depth of management practice in the dietetic profession. This historical review highlights the introduction, demonstration, and adoption of management tools and techniques in the profession, with particular emphasis on quantitative management science techniques. Seven classifications of management science techniques were used for the content analysis. Although applications of forecasting, simulation, linear programming, and queuing models have been reported in the Journal, a gap is evident between the demonstration of management science techniques and operational use of these techniques in dietetic practice. Dietetic researchers, practitioners, and educators have vital roles in facilitating the transfer of quantitative management science technology into operational dietetic practice. Assessment of the state-of-the-art of dietetic management practice relative to proven quantitative management science techniques reveals the need for improved technology transfer to enhance professional ability in both tactical and strategic decision making.

Dietetics↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Methodology for NASA technology transfer in medicine.

A major tenet of NASA's program for technology transfer in medicine is the active involvement of clinicans, the medical device industry, and government health agencies in the transfer process. To ensure availability of the NASA technology to the entire medical community, NASA's methodology emphasizes projects that lead to the development of commercially available medical products incorporating NASA technology. The development of an improved artificial sphincter is an example of a successful transfer of aerospace technology to medicine. Early collaboration between the medical device industry and NASA was critical to the success of this effort to reduce patient risk and health care costs by the incorporation of high-reliability aerospace components in a new prosthesis.

Equipment Design↗

PubMed1983

AHA committee report. Ethics of biomedical technology transfer Committee on Ethics.

Modern biomedical research creates a cascade of startlingly effective forms of diagnostics and therapeutics. Modern communication makes public awareness immediate and public demand insatiable. Many of these new advances, because of expense, sophistication, inaccessibility, or latent danger, must be considered scarce. The Ethics Committee of the American Heart Association recognizes the ethical allocation of these scarce resources as the most difficult, demanding, and unresolved problem facing the American Medical profession. It is apparent that the genesis of the problem is in another area fraught with different but equally complex ethical problems, that of the development and transfer of biomedical technology. The following statement is an analysis of the ethics of the development and transfer of biomedical technology which serves as a foundation for the further consideration of the ethical allocation of scarce medical resources.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗

PubMed1978

Technology transfer: from space exploration to occupational therapy.

The technologies developed for the United States space exploration program are frequently adapted for use in other fields, including occupational therapy. For example, technologies transferred from the space program to occupational therapy include a special foam material, developed for space vehicle seating, that is now used as a padding for orthopedic and prosthetic devices; and a control switch, developed for astronauts immobilized by the force of gravity, that has been adapted for use by paralyzed patients. These and similar space technology spinoffs and the several technology utilization programs that help provide new aerospace solutions to health-care problems are discussed in this article.

Biomedical Engineering↗

PubMed1993

Technology transfer to the developing world: does new technology have any relevance for developing countries?

Technology is not limited to equipment and commodities but includes know-how, understanding and the ability to control and exploit underlying principles and processes. Diverse technologies, not only those termed 'biomedical', affect the incidence and control of all diseases including tuberculosis. 'New technology' implies something recently developed, but any technology is new to those without prior experience. For developing countries, technologic novelty is far less important than relevance, which encompasses, among other things: direct application to reducing risk of infection and disease; affordability and cost-effectiveness; saving foreign exchange; satisfying public demand with political benefit to the government; and promotion of social equity. The value of health gained by the new technology should exceed its cost, but this is difficult to measure. It is usually presumed that industrial countries are eager to export technologies, but intellectual property and patient regulations of the importing country may inhibit such transfers. Similarly, ethical issues involving protection of human subjects and informed consent may complicate clinical trials and technology assessment in the developing country environment.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗

PubMed1994

Technology transfer in Europe: a case study of invertebrate neuroscience research.

Originally identified and defined as a concept in industrial and business communities, technology transfer is now being recognized as an important factor within the scientific research community. A recent study undertaken within the field of UK invertebrate neuroscience research generates several interesting conclusions. In this article, Huw A. Edwards and Elizabeth R.J. Bell discuss the study and its conclusions of a need for increased post-doctoral research mobility, the formation of consortia of research laboratories to apply for funding on an international scale, and the increased interest of the pharmaceutical industry in molecular and cellular techniques developed from fundamental invertebrate research.

Animals↗

PubMed1995

Educational technology transfer in newly independent states: developing a medical multimedia laboratory in Lithuania.

This paper discusses the development of an interactive multimedia computer laboratory within the Vilnius University Medical Faculty involving transfer of hardware and courseware developed in the USA. The contexts in which the laboratory was developed are described and factors helping and hindering successful technology transfer are identified. The future of the laboratory and its potential role in international distance education and information access are discussed. While this paper does not focus on international distance education in the traditional sense of offering courses or training from one or more source institutions to individuals off-site, it has implications for providing education internationally, especially in the Baltic and other newly independent states of the former USSR.

Databases, Bibliographic↗

PubMed1990

How ANUTECH transfers technology.

In summary, we would draw your attention to the things that are important, when transferring technology from a higher education institution. 1. The institute should have a separate department to deal with these matters. 2. We see advantages in this being a private company. 3. The type of agreements should be flexible so that most projects can be accommodated and having specialized staff helps.

Australia↗