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Results for “Testicular fixation”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Gonadal function and fertility outcomes after orchiopexy versus orchiectomy for testicular torsion: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To review the early and late changes in hormonal profiles, semen parameters, and clinical outcomes in patients treated with orchiopexy versus orchiectomy for testicular torsion. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted across MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and other databases, following PRISMA guidelines. PRIMARY OUTCOMES: FSH, LH, testosterone, inhibin-B, and semen parameters. Quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using the GRADE framework. Statistical analysis was performed using the random-effects model. RESULTS: Eleven studies involving 538 participants (197 orchiectomy, 341 orchiopexy) were included. Orchiectomy was associated with a significant increase in FSH (SMD: 1.63, P < 0.0001) and LH (SMD: 1.31, P < 0.0001) compared to orchiopexy. However, testosterone (MD: 0.31 ng/mL; P = 0.4) and inhibin-B (SMD: -0.14; P = 0.87) levels were comparable between groups. Regarding semen parameters, orchiectomy resulted in a significant reduction in sperm concentration (MD: -18 million/mL, P = 0.01). No significant differences were found in sperm count (MD: 13.9 million; P = 0.43), normal morphology (MD: 4.97%; P = 0.12), or total motility (MD: 4.05%; P = 0.49). The pooled rate for ipsilateral atrophy following orchiopexy was 38%, which likely depends on ischemia duration. CONCLUSION: Surgical choice in testicular torsion does not significantly affect the overall hormonal balance or most semen parameters due to compensatory mechanisms of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Clinical decisions should consider individual case factors, as we lack reliable data on subsequent paternity rates.

Male↗
PubMed1979

Simultaneous localization of type II collagen and core protein of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan in individual chondrocytes.

In order to investigate the coordinated synthesis of matrix components by individual chondrocytes, specific antibodies to type I collagen, type II collagen, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core protein were used in simultaneous double immunofluorescence reactions. Extensive accumulation of core protein surrounding chondrocytes and the intracellular accumulation of type II collagen were observed. Extracellular core protein immunofluorescence obscured the intracellular reaction product, but the extracellular immunoreactive material could be removed by digestion with purified testicular hyaluronidase prior to fixation. Subsequent to digestion, core protein and type II collagen were observed in the same chondrocytes within discrete, sometimes identical, cytoplasmic regions, thus demonstrating the simultaneous localization of these two products characteristic of differentiating cartilage.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Delayed extrusion of testicular prosthesis.

A case of migration and extrusion of a testicular prosthesis with erosion of the fixation tab through the skin is reported. Predisposing factors are discussed. Trimming the corners of the tab prior to fixation is recommended as well as anchoring it firmly to the most dependent portion of the scrotum, using nonabsorbable sutures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Gubernacular discontinuity and abnormal distal fixation in cryptorchidism: Challenging the classical concept.

BACKGROUND: The gubernaculum is essential for testicular descent, but its detailed surgical anatomy remains poorly understood. We have previously identified an unrecognized anatomy of the round ligament in female patients with sliding inguinal hernias. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated whether comparable anatomical features exist in the gubernaculum of male cryptorchidism patients, as compared to those identified in female sliding hernias. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed undescended testes located in the inguinal canal that underwent open inguinal orchidopexy between 2016 and 2025. Laparoscopically managed nonpalpable testes and those with suprascrotal testes were excluded. To ensure consistent anatomical evaluation, a standardized surgical protocol supervised by the senior author was applied to all cases. Findings were verified using operative reports and video recordings. After dissecting the processus vaginalis along the internal spermatic fascia (transversalis fascia), the pars infravaginalis gubernaculi were exposed. The relationship between the plica gubernaculi and pars infravaginalis gubernaculi, as well as the site of distal gubernacular fixation, was assessed. RESULTS: A total of 64 undescended testes of 56 patients were included. Video recordings were available for 45 of these 64 testes (70%). A patent processus vaginalis was observed in 60 out of 64 testes (94%), while it was obliterated in two ascending testes and unknown in two. In all 64 testes (100%), the pars infravaginalis gubernaculi was not continuous with the plica gubernaculi, with the transversalis fascia interposed between them. This configuration closely resembled that described previously for sliding inguinal hernias in women. Distal gubernacular fixation was located lateral to the scrotum in 49 testes (77%), at the upper scrotal border in 14 testes (22%), and absent in one testis (1.6%). DISCUSSION: Cryptorchidism is associated with a previously unrecognized discontinuity of the gubernaculi and common abnormal distal gubernacular fixation. These findings challenge the conventional views on gubernacular invagination and suggest that abnormal distal fixation may contribute to failed testicular descent. The study was limited by its single-center, retrospective design, small sample size, and lack of a control group. CONCLUSION: This study identified a previously unrecognized discontinuity of the gubernaculi in cryptorchidism. These findings deepen the understanding of the pathophysiology of testicular descent.

Humans↗
PubMed1978

[Results of quantitative radionucleid investigations in acute testicular disease (author's transl)].

All publications dealing with tortion of the testis stress the difficulty of diagnosis and the frequency of errors. This has suggested to us the need to develop a radio-isotope testiculogram corresponding to the radioisotope nephrogram used for renal functional diagnosis. The substance for the timeactivity curve is 99mTc pertechnitate which is taken up by the tubular epithelium of the testis and epididymis. A scan at 20 minutes proved highly diagnostic and produced a small amount of radiation only. Six quantitative parameters described the shape of the curve. These have been determined for the normal and related to age and point of measurement. It is then possible to differentiate partial and total tortion from acute epididymoorchitis. It is no longer necessary to subject every patient with acute testicular disease to surgery. With partial tortion, a conservative operation with fixation of the testis can be recommended instead of semicastration.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1976

Electron microscopic demonstration of hyaluronidase sensible proteoglycans at the presynaptic area in mouse cerebellar cortex.

By application of electron cytochemical techniques to cerebellar tissue, the presence of proteoglycans was demonstrated at the axoplasmic matrix of mossy fiber endings. Blocks of glutaraldehyde (G) fixed mouse cerebellum were processed according to the following procedures: a) Some pieces of tissue were post-fixed in osmium tetroxide, dehydrated by ethanol and embedded in araldite. b) Other pieces were sectioned to 30 mum thick and then immersed in Alcian blue solution pH = 2.7 followed by osmium tetroxide fixation, dehydrated and embedded in araldite (GABOUL procedure). c) Parallel slices of (b) previous to Alcian blue immersion were washed and incubated in either methanol-HCl, neuraminidase, ribonuclease or testicular hyaluronidase with their respective controls. d) Other blocks of G fixed tissue without any other treatment and fixation were dehydrated and embedded in araldite. Ultrathin sections of a, b and c were doubly stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate while ultrathin sections of (d) were stained with the osmium coordination compound Os-DMEDA. The electron microscopic study revealed at the presynaptic axoplasm of mossy fiber rosettes, the presence of a GABOUL and Os-DMEDA positive electron dense material surrounding synaptic vesicles and continuous with presynaptic dense projections. This material which coincides with cytonet distribution was resistant to neuraminidase and ribonuclease and sensible to hyaluronidase and carboxymethylation. These findings permit us to conclude that the axoplasmic material of mossy fiber endings is constituted by proteoglycans in which hyaluronic acid and chondroitin 4-and/or 6-sulphate are present. The probable importance of these proteoglycans in synaptic mechanisms is also discussed.

Alcian Blue↗
PubMed1977

[Endocrine aspects of Steinert's disease].

The authors report a case of Steinert's disease in a woman and discuss the endocrine profile of this disease after giving an account of the criteria of diagnosis. Disorders of gonad function are mild in women, primary testicular atrophy is very frequent in man with reduction in 17-ketosteroids and testosterone. Thyroid function was normal but, in a few cases, a low fixation curve was found (our case) corrected by TSH stimulation. The frequency of cataract emphasizes the interest of this sign for detection. Diabetes, associated with hyperinsulinism, seemed more frequent than in a population without Steinert's disease. The pathogenesis of these endocrine disorders appears secondary and is ill explained if one considers it as a single disease. Better knowledge, no doubt linked to progress in biochemistry of normal and myopathic muscle, will help to explain the pathogenesis.

17-Hydroxycorticosteroids↗
PubMed1978

An indirect fluorescent antibody test for antibodies to transmissible gastroenteritis of swine.

The indirect fluorescent antibody test was modified to provide a rapid technique for the detection, screening and titration of antibodies to transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs. Large numbers of slides containing transmissible gastroenteritis antigen were prepared by planting mixtures of infected and uninfected swine testicular cells onto multiwelled teflon-coated slides. After overnight incubation, about one-half of the cells in each well were infected which provided contrast to aid in detecting specific fluorescence in the presence of varying degrees of background staining. Following fixation, antigen slides were stored at -20 degrees C until used. The indirect fluorescent antibody test was compared to the virus neutralization test in both the screening and titration of swine sera containing transmissible gastroenteritis antibodies. The test was found to be sensitive and reliable and to offer certain advantages over the virus neutralization test.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The testes after torsion.

In torsion of the testis a large proportion of testes saved by surgery develop secondary atrophy. External manual reduction may be used as a first treatment, but surgical fixation is mandatory before the patient leaves the hospital. Prophylactic fixation of the contralateral testis should always be performed as 30% of the patients will otherwise develop symptoms. The preventive operation causes no discomfort to the patient and no harm to the testis. The fertility of the torsion patients is reduced. Patients treated for unilateral testicular torsion seem to have bilateral testicular abnormality resulting in decreased spermatogenesis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Effects of a feminizing testicular Leydig cell tumour on nontumorous testicular tissue: an ultrastructual study.

The ultrastructural effects of a Leydig cell tumour of the testis on nontumorous testicular tissue have not yet been reported. Described here are the electron microscopic findings in the nonneoplastic testicular tissue of a patient with a feminizing testicular Leydig cell neoplasm. Serial studies were carried out over a period of 31/2 years prior to removal of the tumour. The overall general picture was characterized by progressive degeneration of Leydig cells, cells of the germinal series and Sertoli cells. Concomitantly, there was increasing thickening and fibrosis of the tubular walls. Cytoplasmic focal accumulations of glycogen, increasing with the duration of the disease, were conspicuous in many spermatogonia. All of these alterations are nonspecific and are attributable to adverse endocrine effects introduced by the oestrogen-secreting tumour. They were present bilaterally and were more prominent on the tumour-bearing side. Attention is drawn to the role of artifacts, fixation technique and degenerative processes in the production and appearance of certain ultrastructural findings, such as 'light' and 'dark' cells, myelin figures, membranous whorls and focal glycogen accumulations.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Therapy questionably infarcted testis.

Observations made upon dogs and humans with apparent infarction of the testis secondary to torsion of the spermatic cord suggest that the treatment of choice for questionably viable testis is detorsion of the cord, replacement of the testis in its hemiscrotum, and fixation of the opposite testis. This form of therapy may be applicable to all "torsed testes" regardless of viability.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunological studies in patients with mumps orchitis.

Seventy patients with mumps orchitis were investigated. Serological tests for antitesticular antibodies, using four different techniques showed positive results in 25 patients. Antivirus antibodies were detected and they reached higher values during the remission period of acute cases. Delayed hypersensitivity was studied by means of skin tests using homologous antigenic material. Several patients gave definite positive reactions. Testicular biopsies performed in some patients showed a histological picture similar to that obtained in experimental human or animal auto- or iso-sensitization. All patients in whom testicular damage was present also showed positive skin tests, ascertained by histology of the site of reaction, but none of them exhibited circulating antibodies in meaningful titers. The skin hypersensitivity suggest some correlation between this type of reaction and the development of the testicular lesions as shown in several other diseases in which an immune mechanism could be involved.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

The "window" orchidopexy for prevention of testicular torsion.

Torsion of the testicle is often due to the "bell-clapper" deformity. This deformity is frequently bilateral. Prevention of future episodes of torsion depends upon the creation of a broad area of dense adhesion between the tunica albuginea and the scrotal wall. The results of this study indicate that this may be best accomplished by creating a window in the tunical vaginalis so that during healing a broad area of the tunica albuginea is held in apposition to a raw surface devoid of tunica vaginalis. Simply suturing the testical to the wall of the hemiscrotum does not always result in permanent fixation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Presence of heparan sulfate in the glomerular basement membrane.

The glomerular basement membrane was subjected to digestion with specific enzymes to determine the chemical nature (sialoglycoproteins, collagenous peptides, or glycosaminoglycans) of the anionic sites previously demonstrated in the laminae rarae. Enzyme digestion was carried out both in situ and in vitro. Kidneys were perfused in situ with enzyme solutions followed by perfusion with fixative containing the cationic dye, ruthenium red, to detect the anionic sites. Glomerular basement membranes were isolated by detergent treatment of glomeruli and incubated with enzyme solutions, followed by incubation with cationized ferritin (pI 7.3-7.5) to label the anionic sites. Only highly purified enzymes free of proteolytic activity were used. The findings were the same both in situ and in vitro. The anionic sites were unaffected by treatment with neuraminidase, chondroitinase ABC, and testicular or leech hyaluronidase. However, they could no longer be demonstrated after digestion with crude heparinase, purified heparitinase, or Pronase or after nitrous acid oxidation. The results demonstrate that the sites contain heparan sulfate since they are removed by treatment with heparitinase and by nitrous acid oxidation-procedures specific for heparan sulfate; and that sialoglycoproteins or other glycosaminoglycans do not represent major components of these sites since the latter are not affected by digestion with neuraminidase and other glycosaminoglycan-specific enzymes. Identical findings were obtained on basement membranes in other locations (Bowman's capsule, tubule epithelium, and endothelium of peritubular capillaries). The presence of heparan sulfate in the glomerular basement membrane is discussed in relation to the charge-selective properties of the glomerular filter and in relation to its potential involvement in various types of glomerular injury.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Bovine experimental paracoccidioidomycosis intradermic test standardization.

Three intratesticulary inoculated bovines revealed to be susceptible to experimental paracoccidioidomycosis. The experimental infection was self limited with no tendency to dissemination during a follow up period of five months. The histopathologic lesions characterized by granulomatous inflammatory foci, associated or not to necrosis, were found in the testicles, spermatic cords and testicular tunicae. In some of both lesions types the yeast cells of P. brasiliensis were present. The experimental infection did not cure in a follow up period of five months. The immunological response either cellular or humoral were delayed in relation to what happens in other animal species. The three experimentally infected bovines were utilized for some standardization of the paracoccidioidin intradermic test. A type and dose of an antigen which gives a clear reading for the positive tests was determined. The humoral responses were detected mainly by the complement fixation reaction. It was not possible to demonstrate humoral antibodies by the agar immunodiffusion test.

Animals↗