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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

The process of discourse: usages of a Japanese medical term.

Analysis of the usages of the term "autonomic nervous disorder" among Japanese physicians and patients suggests that medical terms lack essential meanings. Their meanings vary according to speaker, addressee, and context. Autonomic nervous disorder is a term employed to give different perspectives on the origins and treatment of menopausal problems in Japan. Through its changing meanings, it demonstrates aspects of the process of discourse, the shifts language undergoes because it is embedded in power relations. Through discourse, autonomic nervous disorder serves the purposes of both the powerful and the powerless, creating a debate concerning middle-aged women and the control of biomedicine over them. The Japanese case highlights the importance of separate contexts to the process of discourse. Groups with varying degrees of power establish their points of view in contexts of formal respect at one extreme or informal intimacy at the other, thus enabling sharp debate while maintaining surface harmony.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Say what you mean.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Humans↗
PubMed1988

Sources of information for occupational dermatology.

It is a virtual certainty that the dermatologist will be called upon routinely to evaluate illness caused by occupational factors. Unfortunately, few are prepared adequately during formal training to care for the worker-patient. Reliance on crisis-oriented treatment(s) is frequently insufficient to manage this type of skin disease. One remedy for this problem is simply to read the literature; even limited acquaintance with the occupational health literature should begin to clarify the unique aspects of diagnosis and treatment. Consulting a single occupational dermatology reference will often lead to critical insights about an industrial setting, extracutaneous disease manifestations, toxicology, and preventive methods. Perhaps less obvious, this knowledge is essential to recognize and effectively support claims for workers' compensation, claims that may be the only means of redress for the tragic socioeconomic difficulties befalling those who are occupationally impaired. Bibliographic citations in this paper offer a stepwise approach to the literature and identify the important sources applicable to dermatology.

Dermatology↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Religion and spirituality defined according to current use in nursing literature.

The nursing literature published from 1963 to 1989 was screened for definitions to distinguish the concept of religion from that of spirituality. Following concept analysis procedures, definitions were selected from journal articles and textbooks and the key words in the definitions were listed in order of frequency. In definitions of religion, six words appeared most frequently--system, beliefs, organized, person, worship, practices; in definitions of spirituality, nine words appeared most frequently--personal, life, principle, animator, being, God (god), quality, relationship, transcendent. Only the word person(al) appeared on both lists. Using these two lists, the words (defining attributes) that appeared most frequently were formed as consensus definitions. It was concluded that spirituality is currently the broader term and may subsume aspects of religion. If these concepts are not clearly defined, the care related to personal life principles, relationships, and transcendent experiences may be confused with care for personal beliefs and worship practices.

Holistic Health↗
PubMed1988

Content of care by independent midwives: assistance with pain in labor and birth.

The proliferation of alternative health care systems in the United States raises numerous policy issues involving (1) those providing and receiving alternative services and (2) the established medical care system. This paper identifies some of these issues by examining an alternative system of independent (lay) midwifery and, in particular, midwifery approaches to pain during uncomplicated labor and birth. The paper summarizes medical care system approaches to pain in labor and birth: leading textbooks, prevailing topics in the journal literature, and empirical research reports are consistent in giving primary emphasis to analgesic and anesthetic drugs, accepting childbirth preparation, and questioning the efficacy of other approaches. The practices of independent midwives working in metropolitan areas of Utah are strikingly different. The midwives, who oppose any use of conventional obstetric pain medications, have a diverse repertoire of alternative approaches, including prenatal preparation, various physical manipulations, hydrotherapy, administration of herbs and nutritive substances, breathing and relaxation techniques, and psychological techniques. The midwives emphasize responsiveness to the needs of a particular woman at a particular time. They enhance and mobilize the resources of the mother and her support network for therapeutic ends. Their work emphasizes innovation and exploration. Relative to medical practices, midwifery practices seem to involve low iatrogenic risks, to be cost-effective, and to be appreciated by those seeking empowerment and minimal intervention in childbirth. It is recommended that these practices be formally evaluated for safety, efficacy, consumer acceptability, cost-effectiveness, and their potential for favorable impact on the practice of medical obstetrics.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Toxicological information series, II. A survey of toxicology information.

The structure of toxicology information is outlined. Key resources, both print and electronic, are described and the role of organizations is discussed on national and world levels. The section on computerized information covers systems such as TOXNET, CIS, and the ANSWER workstation.

Dictionaries, Chemical as Topic↗