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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Textile pest control in textile stores with a combination preparation of methoxycholor and chlorpyrifos [0,0-diethyl-(3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridyl)-monothiophosphate]].

The effect on man of a mixture of methoxyclorine and 0,0-diethyl-(o8k8l-trichloro-2-pyridyl)-monothiophosphate (chlorpyrifos) used for textile pest control in poorly ventilated textile storages were examined under realistic test conditions. The chronical exposure of the test persons to chlorpyrifos, although originally thought to be of a negligible order, surprisingly resulted in an approximately 40% inhibition of the serum chlinesterase (ChE) without any significant spontaneous recovery of the ChE activity in three out of four test subjects during the test period. On the contrary, the activity of the acetylcholinesterase of the erythrocytes (AChE), after a temporary insignificant decrease, was found to be considerable increased for the duration of the test. As a result of these examinations it is recommended not to use insecticides containing alkylphosphates for textile pest control in poorly ventilated reeom if an exposure of man during the desorption phase cannot be excluded.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed2026

Compost microbiomes as reservoirs of cellulolytic microorganisms for cellulosic textile degradation.

Cellulosic textiles, constituting over 30% of global fibre production, are biodegradable but remain challenging to recycle at scale owing to their high crystallinity, chemical finishes, and heterogeneous waste streams. Although microorganisms drive cellulose turnover in natural ecosystems, their potential for transforming anthropogenic cellulosic waste remains largely unexplored. In this study, composting was evaluated both as a sustainable approach to textile biodegradation and a reservoir of cellulolytic microorganisms with biotechnological potential. Biodegradation assays of cotton and lyocell were integrated with shotgun metagenomics and targeted cultivation to identify microbial taxa and enzymes involved in cellulose degradation. Composting trials showed that degradation was strongly influenced by both composting system and fibre composition. Community composting achieved near-complete textile disintegration, while shredded textiles exhibited the highest degradation rates, reaching up to 97%. Shotgun metagenomic revealed a bacterial-dominated community enriched in Actinomycetota and Bacillota and characterised by an abundance of glycoside hydrolases. Culture-based screening recovered 62 microbial isolates, of which Neurospora and Aspergillus exhibited the highest cellulolytic activity (>60%). In vitro assays further showed that cotton was more readily degraded than lyocell, with several isolates achieving >70% mass loss. Metagenomic approach revealed a predominantly bacterial composting community at the sampled stage, whereas cultivation preferentially recovered fungi that, despite their low relative abundance in situ, exhibited strong cellulolytic potential. These findings highlight the potential of composting as a sustainable end-of-life strategy for cellulosic textiles and identify compost microbiomes as valuable reservoirs of cellulolytic microorganisms for the development of sustainable bioprocesses for textile waste treatment.

Cellulose↗
PubMed1975

Byssinosis: airway responses in textile dust exposure.

The inhalation of textile dusts causes bronchoconstriction in textile workers and in healthy experimental subjects. The airway responses to these dusts are potentiated by propranolol and inhibited by an antihistamine drug and by ascorbic acid. Administration of 20 mg disodium cromoglycate by spinhaler 30 minutes prior to challenge with hemp dust or hemp dust extract protected a small number of subjects against the airway constrictor effect, mostly those with a large acute reduction in flow rates. Textile dust extracts contain a histamine-releasing agent, which explains their airway constrictor effect. This agent is a highly water-soluble, heat-stable, low-molecular-weight compound which has not yet been chemically identified. In the prevention and control of byssinosis, the administration of drugs such as ascorbic acid or disodium cromoglycate should be considered in addition to engineering methods.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Legal and organizational bases of health care in the textile industry of the Congress Kingdom of Poland in the 19th and beginning of 20th cent. (forms of insurance, work safety and sanitary regulations)].

The origins of state interventionism in the field of health care in the textile industry of the Congress Kingdom of Poland go back to the first half of the XIX-th century. It could not, however, be developed earlier than in the last quarter of this century, at which time it resulted from the class struggle of textile workers, mainly in Lódź and Zyraŕdów. Legal and organizational patterns of health care were of foreign origin, but soon they were modified and adapted to the local conditions of the Congress Kingdom of Poland. It has to be underlined that it was the textile industry that stimulated legal and organizational changes in the field of industrial health care, not only in the Congress Kingdom of Poland but also in the whole contemporary Europe.

Accident Prevention↗
PubMed1977

[Osteodystrophic changes in the hands of female textile workers].

The incidence of arthromyalgic complaints and osteodystrophy of the right hand of a group of textile workers were sought with the aid of the method for clinical-social study, clinical observation and X-ray macromorphological investigation of the bone structure. The high epidemiology index of rheumatoarthrological diseases is preceded by the accumulation, as early as the first years of textile period, of structural changes of the bone tissue (under the wide effect of labour-production environment). Two types of macromorphological changes are indicated: the first are with a maximum of 3-5 years from the beginning of the textile occupation and correlate with certain changes in the regulatory-adaptive customs and the second are mainly hyperostotic--age accounted for and an expression of summed effect of articular wear out and chronic microtraumatism.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Lower limb varicose veins in textile workers].

441 women working in various textile industry plants were examined to detect possible varicose veins, ulceration of shins, post thrombotic syndrome and active thrombotically inflammable changes. Frequency of the above mentioned changes was evaluated withthe following criteria: age, duration of employment in textile industry and work-post. Additionally, sickness absenteeism analysis was done in patients treated preventively and by operation. Investigations carried out indicate that the frequency of varicose veins in lower limbs, of trophic changes, shin ulceration, thrombotically inflamed processes increases with age and duration of employment in textile industry, resulting in considerable sickness absenteeism. The surgeon working in a given plant should detect varicose veins in lower limbs as early as possible and send his patients for an operation. Operation prevents many complications and shortens duration of disablement for work.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Whitening of textiles.

In the textile field, fluorescent whitening agents (FWAs) can be used on practically all types of goods at any stage in the finishing process. As examples, three important types of methods for applying FWAs to textiles have been outlined.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1975

Technological feasibility of the 2 fibers/cc asbestos standard in asbestos textile facilities.

The technical feasibility of developing dust control practice which would bring the asbestos industry into compliance with the OSHA I fibers/cc standard, scheduled to become effective July 1, 1976, has been questioned since its promulgation. This paper presents the results of industrial hygiene surveys, including the results of 243 asbestos air samples, conducted at two asbestos textile production facilities which have achieved the 2 fibers/cc standard. Both facilities use nonconventional production techniques. Conclusions drawn from the investigations express the need for: (1) a study of new products; (2) a tool to motivate consumers to switch to the new products when appropriate; and (3) legislation which will protect all domestic producers of asbestos textiles from certain producers who do not have to absorb the added expense of meeting the OSHA standard.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1979

Dimethylthiourea, an unexpected hazard for textile workers.

Our patient was a 24-year-old female textile cutter who had a conjunctivitis and an erythematous itching dermatitis of the eyelids, nasal mucous membranes, and the corners of the mouth. The patch tests with the standard series and a pharmaceutical test battery were negative. Further epicutaneous testing revealed a strong positive reaction to the textile cutting patterns she handled, which were duplicated by diazo processing. Specifically, the contact dermatitis reaction was caused by dimethylthiourea, an additive in diazo-sensitized paper.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Lung function in textile workers.

Acute changes in ventilatory function during a workshift with exposure to hemp, flax, and cotton dust were measured on Mondays in a group of 61 textile workers, all working on carding machines. In addition, single-breath diffusing capacity (DLCOSB) was measured before dust exposure on Monday in 30 of the 61 workers. Large acute reductions during dust exposure were recorded in maximum expiratory flow rate at 50% VC (MEF50%), ranging from 38 to 22%. Acute reductions of FEV1-0 were considerably smaller, ranging from 17 to 9%. There was a statistically significant increase in residual volume (RV) with very small and insignificant changes in total lung capacity (TLC). Although preshift FEV1-0 and FVC were decreased, DLCOSB was within normal limits. Plethysmographic measurements in six healthy volunteers exposed to hemp-dust extract confirmed the results obtained in textile workers, that is, that TLC does not change significantly during dust-induced airway constriction and that maximum expiratory flow rate at 50% VC (MEF50%) is a more sensitive test than FEV1-0 in detecting acute ventilatory changes caused by the dust extract.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Textile fibres under the prepuce--criminalistic proof for a sexual assault (author's transl)].

1. One day after a sexual assault the male suspect was investigated by a physician who found yellow textile fibres on his penis. 2. The police secured yellow fibres from the bed-cover, the socks and the panties of the victim. 3. At the laboratory the four kinds of fibres were analyzed. The fibres from the bed and the penis gave identical results by six different methods.

Criminology↗
PubMed1975

Study of some parameters affecting noise level in textile spinning and weaving mills.

Noise was evaluated in six spinning and five weaving halls located in three textile mills in Egypt. Spindle speed (rpm) and loom speed (picks per minutes) were found to be important parameters affecting the noise level in these mills. Reduction of the number of spinning machines to five spindles per square meter of floor area will probably bring the noise level below the TLV. In the weaving departments, the decrease in the number of looms will not effectively reduce the noise level.

Environment Design↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Respiratory-function changes in textile workers exposed to synthetic fibers.

The prevalence of respiratory symptoms and acute and chronic changes in ventilatory function were studied in three groups of textile workers: 68 workers with exposure to synthetic fibers only, 30 with previous exposure to cotton, and 77 with previous exposure to hemp. The prevalence of dyspnea, grade 3 to 4, was significantly lower (P less than .01) in workers with a history of exposure to synthetic fibers only than in those previously exposed to hemp or cotton. No case of byssinosis was found in any of the workers studied. Values in ventilatory-function tests (FEV 1.0, FVC and MEF 50%) were significantly reduced during the work shift on Monday and Thursday. The Monday MEF 50% preshift values were significantly lower than expected in all three groups of workers. A comparison of the 1963-1973 data on the 77 workers previously exposed to hemp showed a lower prevalence of most chronic respiratory symptoms and smaller acute FEV1.0 and FVC reductions when they worked with synthetic fibers (1973) than when they were exposed to hemp (1963).

Acrylic Resins↗
PubMed1978

Differences in pulmonary function tests among whites, blacks, and American Indians in a textile company.

Normal standards for pulmonary function in nonwhite populations are not presently available to occupational health workers. The present study examined differences in %FVC, FVC, FEV1/FVC, FEF 200-1200 and FEF 25-75% among whites, blacks, and American Indians. The sample consisted of 4209 job applicants to a textile company in southeastern United States. Multiple regression and analyses of covariance were employed to control differences in age, height, weight, and smoking status. Blacks were significantly lower in five of the six comparisons but higher in FEV1/FVC%. The pulmonary function measures of Indians fell generally between those of whites and blacks. Differences were observed between blacks and whites of both sexes regarding the effects of cigarette smoking. The need for race specific stardards was confirmed and the question of using smokers in the acquisition of normative data was raised.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Combustion gas toxicity of textiles (author's transl)].

Textiles are used so widely as interior materials of many buildings, houses, and transportation facilities, that the combustion gas has a chance of intoxication of a fire accident. Therefore this investigation was undertaken to clarify the toxicity of the gas and to obtain an index for safety standards in such cases. The combustion gases of cotton, polypropylene, acrylic, flame retardant (F.R.) cotton and F.R. acrylic fabrics were analyzed by a gas chromatograph and a GC-Mass spectorograph, and also tested with experimental animals to determine the lethal factors including blood gas analyzing technique. The gas exposuring test based on gas analysis data showed that the toxicity of these combustion products increased in the following orders: cotton, polypropylene, F.R. cotton, F.R. acrylic and acrylic. Comparative indices of the toxicity showed that acrylic increased 7.26-fold as compared with that of cotton. It was recognized that the lethal factors in the mice was due to carbon monoxide and/or hydrogen cyanide during the exposure one hour, and that sequelae due to acrolein during the seven day observation period after the exposure. Flame retardant treatment increased twice the toxicity of cotton. On the contrary, that of acrylic was reduced by 0.8 time compared with the original fabric, so that the treatment could be recommended only in case of acrylic from the safety standpoint. From the above results, it can be stressed that vigorous smoke exhaust procedure should be executed in the case of fire accidents for saving human lives.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Mutagenic activity of anthraquinone derivatives used as dyes in a textile factory.

Some anthraquinone derivatives used as dyes in a textile factory have been tested for their mutagenic activity on the Ames' strains of Salmonella typhimurium. 1-amino-4-hydroxy-anthraquinone proved to be a mutagen of the frameshift type. It is active without need of metabolic activation. Studies are in progress in order to clarify if the mutagenic activity of other substituted anthraquinones, which do not act as direct mutagens, can become evident after metabolic activation. Further tests are needed to decide if substituted anthraquinones are hazardous for exposed people.

Anthraquinones↗
PubMed1977

[Allergic eczema due to textile pigment-supports].

A worker employed in a textile printing-shop showing a rebellious eczema on hands and forearms, was submitted to three series of patch-tests which disclosed a polysensitization to chromium, to formaldehyde, to the urea-formaldehyde resin and to some pigments (Helizarine BASF, Fluolac FMC). The chemical analysis of some of these pigments shows an interesting relation between allergenicity for a certain pigment and the presence of formaldehyde. Thus, it is an allergy to the pigment-support and not to the pigment itself.

Coloring Agents↗