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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

[Attempts at placental localization by means of plate thermography (author's transl)].

The value of plate thermography in the determination of placental localization was investigated in 120 cases, and compared with the results obtained by the ultrasonic B-Scan method. The duration of pregnancy in these cases ranged from 15 to 37 weeks. The results of plate thermography corresponded with ultrasonic localization in 94 cases (78.3%), but the placenta was incorrectly localized by plate thermography in 26 patients. The highest degree of correspondence was observed in the group of anterior wall placentae, the localisation of the placenta by plate thermography being correct in 52 out of 62 cases. The group of posterior wall placentae showed the lowest rate or correspondence, plate thermography giving the correct localization in only 32 out of 45 cases. Hence, plate thermography does not appear to be of sufficient accuracy for clinical use or scientific investigations. Furthermore, no accurate determination of placental surface area and placental thickness is possible with plate thermography. For all these reasons it may be concluded that this method is greatly inferior to the ultrasonic B-Scan method in respect to placental localization.

Diagnostic Errors↗
PubMed1978

[Results of an interdisciplinary study on the value of contact thermography in the diagnosis of breast disease (author's transl)].

An interdisciplinary study was carried out to determine the accuracy of contact thermography in the detection of breast cancer. 200 patients were examined in form of a blind test, the mammographic and clinical findings being listed separately and inaccessible to the thermography team. The findings obtained on contact thermography also were listed separately and afterwards compared with the clinical and mammographic findings. 50 out of these 200 cases required histological clarification, which revealed 24 carcinomas and 26 benign conditions of the breast. Mammography and contact thermography both failed to detect 3 out of the 24 carcinomas, clinical examination gave a false negative result in 2 cases. Therefore, in the present case material, the accuracy of mammography and contact thermography is equal and enables us to state that the combination of clinical examination and contact thermography of the breast is of high accuracy and suited for routine mass screening programmes to enable the detection of breast disease without radiation exposure.

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMed1977

Present status of thermography, ultrasound and mammography in breast cancer detection.

Various biophysical methods have been utilized in the diagnosis of breast cancer. To date the best results have been obtained with x-ray mammography. Ultrasound and thermography have great appeal as non-destructive techniques but, in the present state of development, are of limited use. The spatial resolution presently obtainable in ultrasonograms is inadequate for the detection of subclinical cancer and thermography is also of questionable reliability. While an overall true positive rate of 70% to 75% may be anticipated with thermography, the bulk of false negatives would seem to occur in those tumors most amenable to therapy, i.e., subclinical cancers. The "false positive" rate of thermography is also excessive, but would be acceptable for establishing a high risk group if true positive rates could be improved. At present thermography finds its greatest use as an adjunct to mammography and physical examination; it should not be used as the sole modality in a screening program. The efficacy of mammography can be readily demonstrated but the propriety of its use as a screening device has been questioned. This is primarily related to the possible carcinogenic effect of radiation at diagnostic levels. Although the carcinogenic effect is unproven, the dose in radiologic procedures should be kept to a minimum consistent with adequate images. The present state of the art would indicate that the risk, if any, is minimal as contrasted with the natural incidence of breast cancer and the results of early diagnosis and treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Thermography.

As thermographic equipment is improved and as physicians gain experience in its use, thermography gradually is gaining importance as a diagnostic aid in a wide range of disease processes. The technic is finding increasing acceptance in diagnosis of breast disease particularly as an adjunct to mammography. The American Cancer Society and the National Cancer Institute are in the process of establishing 20 demonstration centers for breast cancer detection using thermography, mammography, and physical examinations. Although all of the centers are not at present fully staffed with personnel experienced in thermographic interpretation, the project promises to give a better basis for cost estimates for screening with the thermography as compared to present systems. The technologic knowledge exists for the development of improved scanning infrared cameras with magnetic tape storage and dynamic display. These systems will lend themselves to quantitative measurements and semiautomatic interpretation which can improve the accuracy and reduce the cost of mass screening for breast cancer. Although additional clinical research is necessary, thermography has numerous applications in a variety of disease states. In the future, total body thermography may well become an important part of medical screening examinations.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMed1975

The significance of thermography in the diagnosis of acute abdominal disease.

Thermography appears to be a useful supporting aid to classical methods of examination in the clarification of the problems of acute abdominal disease. In a study of 100 patients thermography was in support of the true diagnosis in acute appendicitis in 63 per cent, in acute biliary tract disease in 59 per cent, and, in an attempt to differentiate between tumor and periappendicular abscess, assistance was rendered by thermography in 53 per cent of patients. However, some uncertainty exists because carcinoma often produces in its environment an inflammatory reaction, which causes an increase of temperature visible in the thermogram. In the present series thermography produced a finding supporting the correct diagnosis in 59 per cent. Errors occurred most often in obese patients, who have thick abdominal covers. Thermography also has an obvious application in the localizing of postoperative suppurative foci.

Abdomen, Acute↗
PubMed1976

Use of the thermography for the early diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis following hip operations.

Up to 50% of patients suffer from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after major hip surgery. Frequently DVT cannot be diagnosed clinically. To the present, venography alone has been used in these patients, but it is time consuming, necessitates an intravenous dye injection and is not without complications. Now, however, the technique of thermography is available as an additional diagnostic aid. The results of thermography were assessed in 24 patients who had recently undergone major hip operations and compared with those obtained by venography. Thermography did identify DVT in the lower leg veins of patients with no clinical symptoms, but higher obstructions were only diagnosed by venography. Thermography gave one false-positive result later disproven by venography. Thermography has the advantage of being noninvasive and economical; it will become more useful when smaller portable systems are developed.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Improved liquid cholesterol ester crystal thermography of the breast.

The infrated detection apparatus used in breast thermography is relatively costly and therefore is not widely available to less populated areas in the country. The use of liquid cholesterol crystals, applied to the breast (applied over a water-base black dye) has already been described in the literature as an effective substitute for infrared instrument thermography. This method, however, has been hampered by the time and troublesome effort necessary for removal of the substances upon completion of the study. The object of this study was to devise a feasible method of cutaneous breast thermography using liquid cholesterol esters, as in prior studies, but by applying them to an easily removable black base. As a result the length of the examination has been shortened, and patients have found the examination to be aesthetically more acceptable. With this improved method, liquid crystal thermography of the breast (and other areas) should become more widely applicable.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Facial thermography in the diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease and in evaluation of carotid endarterectomy.

Some 60% of strokes are due to extracranial occlusive arterial lesions, most frequently at the bifurcation of the common carotid artery. Since these lesions are accessible to endarterectomy, their prestroke diagnosis is very important. Facial thermography quickly supplies reliqble information on the circulatory area in which these lesions occur, and this information can be atraumatically obtained in an out-patient setting. The success rate of facial thermography versus aortic arch angiography was 83% and 80%, respectively, in our case material, and this rate corresponds with data in the literature. In a series of 23 patients with facial thermograms and angiograms obtained before and after endarterectomy, facial thermography proved to be a useful diagnostic and prognostic aid in neurological out-patient guidance after carotid endarterectomy. By virtue of its rapidity and atraumatic character, because it can be carried out by technicians and because the findings are suitable for computer data processing, facial thermography would seem to be suitable for potential stroke screening of a high-risk asymptomatic population.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Noninvasive diagnosis of acute deep vein thrombosis. A comparison between thermography, plethysmography and phlebography.

Fifty-five patients with clinical signs of acute DVT were investigated with thermography, plethysmography and phlebography. A comparison between phlebography and thermography showed a diagnostic agreement of 84%. Thermography was found, however, to have a low reliability for the localization of acute thrombi and was therefore combined with plethysmography in an attempt to obtain better results in this respect. Compared to the invasive phlebography, the noninvasive combination of thermography and plethysmography adequately located acute DVT in 95% of the cases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

Conventional mammography, physical examination, thermography and xeroradiography in the detection of breast cancer.

From July 1, 1973, through January 15, 1975, at the Emory University Clinic independent physical examinations, conventional mammography, thermography and xeroradiography of the breast were carried out on 1,003 symptomatic patients by both physicians and radiologic technologists. One year after completion of the study there had been 360 breasts biopsied with 53 malignant and 307 benign lesions demonstrated. Seventy-three percent of the cancers were histologically Stage 0 or Stage I. The detection rate of the cancers by physician and technologist respectively were: 1) conventional mammography 87 and 74%; 2) xeroradiography 65 and 46%; 3) physical examination 62 and 51%; and 4) thermography 29 and 27%. In non-malignant breasts the physician and technologist designated cancer respectively in: 1) thermography 4 and 6%; 2) conventional mammography 6 and 6%; 3) xeroradiography 8 and 10%; and 4) physical examination 11 and 12%.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Thermography in screening postoperative deep vein thrombosis: a comparison with the 125I-fibrinogen test.

The value of thermography as a screening method for postoperative deep vein thrombosis has been evaluated in 308 patients (616 legs). Comparison was made with the 125I-fibrinogen test. The overall diagnostic agreement was 81.0 per cent; the sensitivity was 62.1 per cent and the specificity 90.3 per cent. The agreement increased with proximal extension of the thrombi. Thermography became positive 0.26 days after the 125I-fibrinogen test but in 19.8 per cent thermography was positive before a positive fibrinogen test.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

The value of scrotal thermography as compared with selective retrograde venography of the internal spermatic vein for the diagnosis of "subclinical" varicocele.

The accuracy of scrotal thermography as a diagnostic method to confirm or detect spermatic venous reflux in patients with palpable and subclinical varicocele, respectively, was evaluated. In all, 118 scrotal thermograms were performed in 110 patients, and the results were compared with the findings by selective retrograde venography of the internal spermatic vein whenever required. Normal thermograms were recorded in 23 oligospermic men without varicocele. Of 39 patients with palpable varicocele, 37 had abnormal thermograms; normal recordings occurred in 2 patients with associated unilateral testicular atrophy. Among 36 men suspected of having subclinical varicocele, 19 had abnormal thermograms and 16 presented reflux on the venogram. Venography was performed in 5 of the remaining 17 men with normal thermograms; only 1 had reflux. Screening for varicocele by means of scrotal thermography thus revealed reflux in 16 of 36 patients with unexplained infertility. Postoperative thermograms were disturbed in 6 of 20 cases, 5 of which presented reflux. Only 1 of 14 postoperative patients with normal thermograms underwent venography, and no reflux was demonstrable. Both the difference in temperature between the affected and contralateral hemiscrotum and the area of hyperthermia were significantly greater in patients with grades II and III varicocele, compared with those with subclinical and grade I varicocele. It is concluded that scrotal thermography is a valuable screening method for the detection of spermatic venous reflux. The technique allows selection of patients to be subjected to retrograde venography.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Microwave thermography: principles, methods and clinical applications.

We review the physical principles, method of operation, measurement limitations, and potential medical applications of microwave thermography. We present detailed results of a study of breast cancer detection at 1.3 and 3.3 GHz, including the dependence of detection rates on microwave frequency, time, tumor depth, and tumor size. At 1.3 GHz, microwave thermography detects breast cancer as well as infrared thermography (true-positive rate = 0.76 when true-negative rate = 0.63). When the two methods are combined, the true-positive rate increases by about 0.1 over that of either method alone.

Breast Neoplasms↗