SEARCH · PubMed Health
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Intrinsic pressures within the thigh muscles of a normal subject were recorded with the subject in five different postures before and after application of a cast-brace. The extrinsic pressures between the plaster cast and the underlying skin also were recorded. The intrinsic muscle pressures were significantly increased when the cast-brace was applied.
Electromyographic recordings were taken from 12 thigh muscles (or major parts of them) in a gorilla, from 6 thigh muscles in a chimpanzee, and from 2 thigh muscles in an orangutan as they engaged in bipedal positional behavior, including stance, reaching overhead, lunging, leaping and walking. In the African apes, symmetric bipedal stances with hindlimb flexure were accompanied by notable EMG potentials generally increased to or remained at moderate and high levels. Our studies on the gluteal (Tuttle et al., '78) and thigh muscles of African apes partly confirm Kummer's ('75) prediction that considerable gluteal and hamstring activity would be required in order for them to stand bipedally with flexed hip and knee joints. The gorilla's thigh muscles exhibited considerable EMG activity during the stance phase and remarkably little activity during the swing phase of bipedal steps. The activity patterns of most thigh and gluteal muscles (Tuttle et al., '78) in the African apes are much more similar to those of bipedal gibbons than to their counterparts in man. The bipedal locomotor cycles of human subjects are accompanied by many more biphasic and triphasic EMG patterns in the thigh muscles than the locomotor cycles of other anthropoid primates are. The evolutionary anthropological significance of these findings should become clearer when they are complemented by EMG studies on human running, arboreal bipedalism and vertical climbing in apes, and central pattern generation in man and apes.
Changes in thigh components were investigated with the one-legged inactivity- and training-model using 22 young healthy male soccer players, who for 4-5 weeks had one leg immobilized in a cast. They were investigated before and after the cast period and after 4 weeks' physical training of the inactivated leg. Immobilization induced a significant increase in the subcutaneous thickness and a significant decrease in the circumference of the thigh (p less than 0.01). The calculated lean thigh volume was reduced from 4.93 1 to 4.10 1 (p less than 0.01), whereas the calculated fat thigh volume (1.5 1) was unchanged. The changes reversed after four weeks of progressive dynamic training, but did not reach the pre-immobilized values. Body weight decreased from 73.4 kg to 70.8 kg (p less than 0.01) during the immobilization period and was regained after the training period. The fat fraction of the body was unchanged. It is concluded that the loss in total thigh volume during inactivation in a cast is due to waste of the muscle tissue, and further that this loss is partly concealed by an unchanged fat thigh volume.
A patient presenting with thigh emphysema and hip pain may suggest intra-abdominal pathology. Three new and 19 previously reported cases of thigh emphysema secondary to bowel disease are reviewed. The thigh and hip manifestations can obscure the primary intra-abdominal process either due to the obvious emphysema or to the obtunded abdominal signs secondary to associated neuropathy. Only one of 22 patients with thigh emphysema secondary to bowel perforation had gas gangrene. Early diagnosis of this clinical association is essential since eight of the 11 deaths occurred within a few days after admission. Right-sided thigh emphysema suggests appendicitis, whereas left-sided emphysema is more likely to be secondary to left colonic diverticulitis or carcinoma.
Patients with vascular disease of the legs were studied by indirectly measuring thigh and ankle systolic pressures and recording the femoral artery flow profile before and after exercise with the aim of identifying those patients in whom significant aortoiliac stenosis may not have been diagnosed by angiography. A group of patients with aortoiliac stenosis or occlusion has been compared with a group with superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusion and apparently normal controls. Resting thigh pressures were reduced in the group of patients with aortoiliac disease and with SFA occlusion. There was no significant change in thigh pressure with exercise in any group but ankle pressure fell with exercise in the patients with aortoiliac disease and with SFA occlusion. Femoral artery flow profiles provided better discrimination between the groups but six of the forty-two patients with SFA occlusions had abnormal tracings and a low thigh pressure suggesting they may have significant proximal disease.
A prospective study was carried out comparing two techniques of segmental arterial pressure measurements of the leg to detect, localize and quantify regional arterial occlusive disease. The measurement of pressures of the proximal and distal parts of the thigh with the narrow cuff technique permitted correct anatomic localization of aortoiliac, femoropopliteal or combined disease in 78 per cent of diseased extremities, including all limbs with isolated aortoiliac or femoropopliteal disease. A single wide cuff arterial pressure measurement of the thigh correctly localized arterial obstructions in only 19 per cent of diseased extremities. Although a wide cuff is associated with less artifactual elevation in measured arterial pressure at the thigh, this advantage is outweighed by the limitation of diagnostic accuracy in localizing segmental arterial occlusive disease. We recommend that segmental arterial pressure measurements of the limb be made at four levels on the lower extremity, including arterial pressures of the proximal and distal parts of the thigh to achieve maximal diagnostic accuracy.
Medial thigh ptosis, characterized by rhytidosis and seen commonly from aging and great weight loss, is seldom improved by lateral or posterior thigh lift. A simple procedure has been developed to correct this laxity of the upper, inner thighs. This consists of symmetrical resection of a crescent-shaped segment of skin and subcutaneous tissue having the distribution of an L1 embryological dermatome, just inferior to the inguinal crease. Despite temporary sensory loss and spreading of scars in some patients, the procedure has been gratifying to both patient and surgeon. Patients must be carefully selected, as the procedure does not correct either trochanteric lipodystrophy or ptosis, or lipodystrophy medial to and just superior to the knee.
In order to provide an ontogenetic basis for the establishment of tetrapod muscle homologies and for the analysis of complex mammalian muscle states, a descriptive analysis of the morphogenesis of the thigh of Mus musculus has been made. The pattern and sequence of muscle cleavage and the migrations of individual muscle primordia are characterized from the eleventh day of gestation, when cleavage begins, through early neonatal stages. Observations on skeletal differentiation and lumbosacral plexus formation are also included. Thigh muscle morphogenesis is compared to that in the lizard, Lacerta, (Romer, '42) and the chick (Romer, '27) and homologies identified. An onogenetic basis for the definition of ancestral and derived muscle states is provided in muscles that are morphologically variable in mammals. These include the gluteus minimus, gracilis, adductor brevis and several hamstring muscles. Certain muscles that show variable innervation patterns in adult mammals, i.e., pectineus, quadratus and adductor magnus, typically develop from premuscle regions that separate muscle anlagen innervated by different nerves. Two muscle anlagen appear in the embryonic mouse thigh and then disappear late in prenatal or early postnatal development. Comparisons with other mammals, especially the marsupial, Marmosa, reveal that these muscles are phylogenetic vestiges that degenerate before maturity. A sartorius vestige is identifiable through the thirteenth day of gestation. A tenuissimus anlage is present until shortly after birth and is clearly innervated by a branch of the peroneal nerve.
An abscess of the left thigh due to a fistula between a tuberculous 5th lumbar vertebra, the sigmoid colon and the muscles and subcutaneous tissues of the left thigh is described. This appears to be a unique occurrence and was only diagnosed at post-mortem. The treatment and diagnosis are discussed.
A new technique for the correction of trochanteric bulges is described. A buried dermal-fat flap is used as a suspensory mechanism to hang the weight of the thigh skin and subcutaneous tissues on the deep fascia, rather than on the upper skin flap. This technique is particularly applicable to patients with asymmetry of the buttocks and thighs as well as those with ptosis of the buttocks. Another advantage is that it creates a new gluteal fold at a predetermined higher level.
Nine subjects with different training background were studied by means of muscle biopsy from musculus vastus lateralis. The cross-cut area of the different muscle fibre types was measured. By the use of a soft tissue X-ray technique, computed tomography, a cross-sectional picture of the thigh was produced at the same level as the biopsy was taken. The total cross-cut area of the vastus lateralis muscle was measured from this picture. This technique to measure a cross-cut muscle area from an X-ray picture was evaluated and found to be accurate and reproducible. The mean fibre area was highly correlated (r = 0.91; P less than 0.001) to the cross-cut area of the vastus lateralis muscle. The total number of fibres in the vastus lateralis muscle was estimated. It was concluded that the cross-sectional area of the thigh muscle can be accurately determined by means of computed tomography. The larger cross-sectional area of the vastus lateralis muscle in well trained subjects was primarily explained by a larger cross-sectional area of the fibre, while the total number of fibres in the vastus lateralis muscle seemed to be fairly equal among the subjects.
A case of complex structured mesenchymal neoplasia of the root of the thigh is reported. After a review of the literature and discussion of the anatomo-clinical aspects of the case in point, a common identity between tumours of the root of the thigh and mesenchymal tumours of the retroperitoneum is suggested, on the basis of anatomo-histogenetics.
A 27-year-old man had recurrent abscesses of the thigh caused by organisms typical of mouth flora. The unusual identity of these organisms from a thigh abscess led to the recognition that the illness was induced by self-injection with saliva, and that the patient had many of the characteristics of Münchausen's syndrome.
The musculature of the hip and thigh of the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) is illustrated and described with emphasis on origins and insertions of individual muscles. Published works on the myology of domestic Bovidae (Bos taurus; Ovis aries; Capra hircus), Camelidae (Camelus bactrianus; Lama glama) and Cervidae (Cervus nannodes-canadensis) have been used for comparisons of individual muscles. The musculature of the hip and thigh of Odocoileus is substantially similar to that of other Artiodactyla investigated, except for slight differences of individual muscles. The most obvious differences involve the mm. obturatorius externus, obturatorius internus and pectineus. In Odocoileus as in domestic Bovidae and Cervus, the m. obturatorius externus is divided into an intrapelvic and an extrapelvic part whereas in Camelidae the intrapelvic part of the muscle is lacking. In the species considered, the m. obturatorius internus is present only in Camelus and Lama. In Odocoileus, the m. pectineus is divided into two distinct parts whereas in other Artiodactyla investigated the division lies apparent only toward its insertion.
111 patients with amputation of the thigh of the last world war were examined. Besides the complaints in their thigh they suffered mostly from low back pain and osteoarthritis in the knee of the other leg. For a medical report it is important to decide whether the low back pain comes from lumbar disc disease or from secondary scoliosis of the lumbar spine which is caused by the amputation. Secondary changes in the spine and in the other leg can also be expected when a lower limb is heavily injured.
Skin bioelectric potentials were obtained from both normal and injured human thighs using surface direct current silver/silver chloride monitoring electrodes. Electrical patterns in normal subjects fell into 4 distinct groups. In subjects with injured thigh significant electrical differences were associated with bone formation. The findings are discussed.
The health impacts and underlying biological pathways of thigh muscle fat infiltration (TMFI) remain incompletely understood. In this study, we analyzed TMFI measured by magnetic resonance imaging in 55,120 UK Biobank participants and found that higher TMFI was significantly associated with all-cause mortality as well as with all major system-specific diseases examined (p values ranged from 2.50 × 10-88 to 9.97 × 10-04). TMFI also mediated the effects of lifestyle factors on health-related outcomes, with mediation proportions ranging from 6.7% to 71.7%. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified 79 lead single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) linked to TMFI, and the polygenic risk score for TMFI was significantly associated with mortality and all incident diseases across examined organ systems in an independent subset of UK Biobank participants of European ancestry who were not included in the TMFI GWAS (n = 362,286, all p < 0.05). Gene-drug interactions identified multiple drugs that could potentially modulate TMFI. Analysis of single-cell transcriptomic data indicated that myogenic cells were strongly linked to TMFI (p = 7.08 × 10-08). Summary-data-based Mendelian randomization and Transcriptome-Wide Association Study analyses revealed numerous genes whose expression in specific tissues was associated with TMFI. Proteomic and metabolomic profiling uncovered a broad array of circulating biomarkers associated with TMFI, many of which mediated the effects of modifiable factors and genetic risk on TMFI. Overall, our results highlight the biological relevance of TMFI to human health and provide insights into the multi-omics mechanisms underlying TMFI, identifying potential targets for interventions.
Four cases of carcinoma of the distal large bowel are described in which the presenting feature was a subcutaneous abscess of the lateral aspect of the thigh. The high morbidity and mortality of this presentation are discussed and the literature is reviewed.