Kinetics of elimination of thiocyanate in 7 healthy subjects and in 8 subjects with renal failure.
The concentration of thiocyanate in the serum of eight test subjects with renal failure and seven healthy control subjects was measured, as it declined with time, after oral doses of thiocyanate or i.v. injections of nitroprusside had been administered. Additional measurements were taken, on the healthy subjects only, of the concentrations of thiocyanate in the urine, and also of the influence of an increased chloride intake on the rate of elimination of thiocyanate. For the healthy subjects an elimination half-life of between one and five days (mean c. 3 days) was found. Increasing the chloride elimination rate to approximately twice normal did not significantly speed up the rate of thiocyanate elimination. The amounts of thiocyanate which had been administered as doses reappeared almost exclusively in the urine. For the subjects with renal failure, the elimination half-life had a mean value of approximately nine days. The elimination constants were found to be proportional to the creatinine-clearance rates. The ke value at a creatinine-clearance of zero ml/min was approximately 15% of the ke value at a creatinine-clearance rate of 120 ml/min. The distribution volumes for thiocyanate were greater for the patients with renal failure than for the healthy subjects. The conclusions for therapies using nitroprusside are discussed.