SEARCH · PubMed Health
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
The spontaneous photooxidation of thiothixen (Navane) to 2-(N,N-dimethyl-sulfonamido)-9-thioxanthone is described. The corresponding sulfoxide is demonstrated to be the fluorescent species obtained upon permanganate oxidation of thiothixene in the fluorometric assay procedure of Mjörndal and Oreland.
Psychotic women with schizophrenic symptoms were treated with melperone 100 mg X 3 (n = 29) or thiothixene 10 mg X 3 (N = 34) USING A DOUBLE-BLIND PROCEDURE. Before and during treatment, levels of HVA, MOPEG, and 5-HIAA, the major metabolites of DA, NE, and 5-HT, were determined in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid by a mass fragmentographic technique. Both treatments resulted in an elevation of the HVA levels after 2 weeks, thiothixene having a more marked effect. The effect of thiothixene but not of melperone persisted after 4 weeks. Thiothixene did not influence the MOPEG level, but melperone reduced it after 4 weeks of treatment. The 5-HIAA levels were not significantly altered by the drugs. The HVA/MOPEG and the HVA/5-HIAA ratios were highly significantly elevated by both drugs after 2 as well as 4 weeks. Thiothixene induced a significantly greater change of these ratios than melperone. The results supply evidence that thiothixene accelerates central dopamine metabolism in man, presumably by blocking DA receptors. Melperone appears to act similarly, but has an effect which is weaker and/or of shorter duration. During long-term treatment with melperone the receptors develop tolerance to it. The acceleration in DA metabolism declines and the effect of melperone switches instead to central NA metabolism. The results indicate that both drugs cause long-term changes in the activity ratios of central monoamine systems. It is suggested that such changes in several systems rather than single biochemical events may be related to the antipsychotic effects of neuroleptic drugs. This study also demonstrated the versatility of using monoamine metabolite analysis of the CSF as a tool for the quantification of biochemical effects of neuroleptic drugs on the human CNS.
The effects of melperone and thiothixene on the concentrations of monoamine metabolites in brain and prolactin in the serum of rats and mice were determined. Both drugs increased brain concentrations of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in a dose-dependent manner. 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) was unaffected. The effect of thiothixene was longer lasting and about 5 times greater than that of melperone. Melperone, but not thiothixene, increased levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MOPEG). Several hours after administration of melperone, levels of HVA and MOPEG were diminished. Both drugs increased prolactin concentrations in rat serum. Thiothixene was about 10 times more potent than melperone. Of two urinary metabolites of melperone investigated, one caused the same qualitative effects on monoamine metabolism as melperone itself but with reduced potency. The other metabolite was ineffective.
The hemodynamic effects and plasma levels of noradrenaline were studied in schizophrenic patients at rest and during exercise after long-term treatment with chlorpromazine (150-600 mg daily) and thiothixene (60-80 mg daily). The results are compared with those from previous studies in untreated patients and patients receiving very large doses of chlorpromazine. The effects of thiothixene on the different hemodynamic variables were very moderate, and the observed differences between this group and the control group may be due to the different patient materials. In the two groups of patients receiving chlorpromazine, the heart rate at rest and durng exercise tended to be higher than in the control group. There was also a tendency towards a lower stroke volume after this drug and thiothixene during exercise. The noradrenaline levels in plasma were highest after the high dose of chlorpromazine both at rest and during exercise, while they were lower after the moderate chlorpromazine dose. After thiothixene, the values were between those of the group on the low chlorpromazine dose and those of the control group.
Thiothixene was used in a four-week double-blind placebo-controlled study of 42 geriatric patients with chronic organic brain syndrome (psychotic or nonpsychotic). The results, according to several rating measures, showed no significant difference between placebo and thiothixene. Side effects were mild and few. These data support the safety of thiothixene therapy for geriatric patients; however, there is no conclusive evidence of its efficacy in the treatment of chronic organic brain syndrome.
In acutely disturbed newly admitted patients at Neuropsychiatric Unit, Karachi, the efficacy of thiothixene is not significantly different as compared to trifluoperazine. In trifluoperazine group also all the target symptoms improved while 'depressive mood' and 'suspiciousness' did not change significantly. In thiothixene group significant improvement was noticed on all the target symptoms except 'tension' and 'depressive mood'. The ethnic or genetic make up of the patient population was concluded to be the reason for non-effectiveness of thisthixene on effective psychopathology in acute schizophrenia. The extra-pyramidal side effects were clinically more pronounced in thiothixene group.
Plasma levels of penfluridol and thiothixene were studied after 4 weeks treatment in a double-blind controlled trial of 47 patients suffering from chronic schizophrenic syndromes. There was found a tenfold variation in plasma levels for penfluridol, and about a twentyfold variation for thiothixene. For penfluridol, a significant correlation between dosage and plasma level and also between dosage and changes in psychopathology as regards factor 5 in the Märtens & Jonsson S scale which comprises the items most characteristic of a schizophrenic syndrome, was found. For thiothixene, a significant correlation between plasma levels and changes in factor 5 was found. A gas-chromatographic method for penfluridol is also described.
Eighty-one women with psychosis of schizophrenic and paranoid type were assigned to a double-blind study comparing the clinical effects of melperone (100 mg X 3) and thiothixene (10 mg X 3). The antipsychotic effect was evaluated by clinical rating according to the CPRS and the NOSIE-30 scales before and after 2 and 4 weeks of drug treatment. A satisfactory interrater reliability was obtained for the CPRS. Significant correlation was also found between the CPRS and NOSIE ratings. Treatment with both drugs was associated with significant reductions in morbidity as estimated by several measures of therapeutic effect from the CPRS, by the NOSIE scale and by global ratings. There were no marked differences at any rating time point between the drugs in this regard. There were more extrapyramidal side effects in the thiothixene group than in the melperone-treated patients. The results encourage the use and further evaluation of melpherone in the treatment of psychotic patients.
In a controlled trial of penfluridol and thiothixene as maintenance drugs in patients with chronic schizophrenic syndromes, some improvement over previous neuroleptics was seen with both drugs. This improvement was mainly evident in variables concerned with participation in social activities as assessed with the S-scale and by ward behaviour. The drug dosages necessary were very low and gave few and easily manageable side-effects. There was no significant difference between penfluridol and thiothixene. Penfluridol has the clear practical advantage of being the only long-acting drug for oral administration so far available.
In a double-blind trial of chlorpromazine and thiothixene conducted with 79 acutely ill, newly hospitalized schizophrenic patients, chlorpromazine and thiothixene were shown to be equally effective in producing meaningful symptomatic improvment over an average period of approximately 3 weeks, as measured by Global Assessments (CGI), BPRS, and NOSIE.
In this double-blind study, haloperidol (n = 15) and thiothixene (n = 15), administered parenterally in emergency rooms and outpatient facilities to 30 acutely excited, agitated psychotic patients in hourly doses of 4 mg. or 8 mg., as needed over a four-hour period (total dosage ranging from 4 to 32 mg.), achieved rapid tranquilization in 30 patients. Significant improvement was shown over a six-hour period on BPRS Total Score, the four factors--Thinking Disorder, Anergic state, Excitement and Disorientation, and Depression and also on hourly ratings of 17 symptoms of a Psychiatric Target Symptom Profile. No significant differences were found between the haloperidol-treated and thiothixene-treated groups. Few adverse reactions were noted, all of them mild, the most frequent being drowsiness in six patients.
Thirty chronic schizophrenic patients participated in a double-blind crossover trial of thiothixene (Navane) and a control drug combination of trifluoperazine and chlorpromazine. No statistically significant difference was found between the two drug conditions on numerous behavioural scales. Experience with thiothixene suggested that it was comparable with control drugs in the activation of withdrawn patients but needs to be used in combination with a more sedative antipsychotic agent in the treatment of some paranoid patients.
Social and vocational adjustment are highly important--but frequently overlooked--measures of the effectiveness of psychotropic agents in therapeutic regimens involving chronic schizophrenic outpatients. This 24-week, double-blind study compared the effectiveness of haloperidol and thiothixene in facilitating social and vocational adjustment, as well as in controlling more traditionally studied psychopathological parameters, among 36 urban schizophrenic outpatients. Significant improvement favoring thiothixene was shown on physicians' ratings, ratings by relatives living in the same household as the patient, and patients' self-ratings. Side effects occurred with similar frequency in both drug groups; no patients were required to discontinue therapy because of side effects. There were no clinically significant abnormalities in laboratory values in either group.
A method was developed for the quantitative determination of thiothixene in pharmaceutical formulations by high-pressure liquid chromatography after dissolution of the sample in methanol.
In a study of 28 schizophrenic in-patients treated with penfluridol or thiothixene, patients were followed with clinical ratings, EEG variables, the mean integrated amplitude (MIA) on both the left and right sides--both with filters with frequency ranges from 7.5 to 13.5 and 0.5 to 25 Hz--as well as its within-patient variance (WPV) on both sides and with both filters, and also with visual averaged evoked responses (V.AER). Moreover, determinations of plasma levels of the drugs were conducted in a search for possible objective measurements of the effects of the treatment, but also to try to find measurements that would make it possible to predict the outcome of treatment. MIA left/right and WPV left/right were found to be the most promising variables to follow the effect of treatment, which were correlated to factors 1 and 2 of the Mårten's S-scale. WPV left/right before treatment was correlated to changes in factor 4 of the S-scale during the trial.
Two cases of pathological jealousy are presented and their successful treatment with thiothixene is discussed. Evaluation of the projection mechanism is also presented.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.