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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

On the relation between time perception and the timing of motor action: evidence for a temporal oscillator controlling the timing of movement.

Studies of time estimation have provided evidence that human time perception is determined by an internal clock containing a temporal oscillator and have also provided estimates of the frequency of this oscillator (Treisman, Faulkner, Naish, & Brogan, 1990; Treisman & Brogan, 1992). These estimates were based on the observation that when the intervals to be estimated are accompanied by auditory clicks that recur at certain critical rates, perturbations in time estimation occur. To test the hypothesis that the mechanisms that underlie the perception of time and those that control the timing of motor performance are similar, analogous experiments were performed on motor timing, with the object of seeing whether evidence for a clock would be obtained and if so whether its properties resemble those of the time perception clock. The prediction was made that perturbations in motor timing would be seen at the same or similar critical auditory click rates. The experiments examined choice reaction time and typing. The results support the hypothesis that a temporal oscillator paces motor performance and that this oscillator is similar to the oscillator underlying time perception. They also provide an estimate of the characteristic frequency of the oscillator.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

A theoretical reconciliation of competing views of time perception.

The time-perception literature is oriented around two opposing traditions, one of which, set forth by Ornstein in 1970, views time estimation as linearly and positively related to stimulus complexity, while the other, as published by Priestly in 1968, sees time as essentially linearly but negatively associated with the experiential complexity with which given intervals are filled. However, careful reading of the literature suggests that, contrary to the Ornstein and Priestly models, a linear correlation between stimulus complexity and time perception should not be expected to fully describe the range of possible relationships. What researchers appear to have ignored is the interrelated impact on time perception of the widely reported inverted-U effects of stimulus complexity and the conceptually related dimension of extroversion. With these latter considerations, comparative time perception thus becomes not a linear but rather a curvilinear, U-shaped function of both personality and stimulus complexity dimensions. The conceptual reconciliation growing out of the present literature review thus offers an explanation for previously reported empirical inconsistencies and suggests the redirection of future comparative time perception research.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1977

Time perception and schizophrenia.

Time perception of 10 schizophrenic patients, 10 nonschizophrenic patients, and 10 normal subjects was compared. The method of estimation was used for four intervals ranging from 5 sec. to 120 sec.; the subject was required to perform a certain task until the experimenter stopped the subject and then to estimate the length of time spent working on the particular task. The results show significant differences between schizophrenics and other subjects in the judgment of 5-sec. intervals. The results partially confirm previous findings and suggest other possible trends not previously reported.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Marijuana and ethanol: differential effects on time perception, heart rate, and subjective response.

Performance on a time production task, heart rate, and subjective responses were studied in twelve male sujects given oral doses of marijuana (0.7 mg of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol/kg), ethanol (1.0 ml/kg), and placebo, on three testing days which were each separated by 1 week. Orders were balanced across subjects and testing conditions were double-blind. Compared to ethanol and placebo, marijuana induced a significant under-production of time intervals, suggesting an acceleration of the internal rate of time perception. The onset of this acceleration of time sense in which geophysical time seemed to pass slowly corresponded with the characteristic increase in heart rate and the onset of the subjective feelings of drug effects. Initial phases of alcohol intoxication were associated with the opposite effects on the time production task. These findings replicate previous work and indicate that an easily administered time production task provides a consistent, non-motor measure of acute marijuana intoxication and also reflects ethanol intoxication.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Time perception: effects of introversion/extraversion and task interest.

32 extraverted and 32 introverted college students rated the interest value and estimated the duration of 3-min. intervals filled with reading. There were 3 dull and 3 interesting readings. It was hypothesized that time perceptions of extraverts and introverts would differ when their interest in the task was dissimilar. But no personality differences in time perception and few in interest were found; both extraverts and introverts judged the intervals to be shorter when the reading was interesting.

Attention↗
PubMed1977

[Disorders of time perception in endogenous psychoses].

Already in the normal state of health often there are alterations of subjective time experience both as acceleration and delay of the lapse of time. These impairments of time perception are more important in the psychopathological field. Except during organic brain disease disturbances of time experience are observed especially during endogenous psychoses. Depressed men usually feel an unpleasant extension of subjective time experience. In schizophrenia there is a specific distorsion of time, characterized by troubles of the biographic orientation, by magic connexion-thinking with regard to time, or by a "collapse" of the chronological order. Somatic as well as psychological conditions seem to cause these disturbances.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

The role of attention in children's time perception.

This study tested the role of attention in 7- to 9-year-old children's time estimation. Based on an attentional model of time estimation, it was hypothesized that prospective estimates of short intervals are a function of the degree to which a child is occupied with the passage of time and is focusing his or her attention on estimating the exposure time of a stimulus. Two experiments with two different manipulations on attentional focus were conducted. Eighty children were exposed to two types of light bulbs, one a big bulb kindled with high intensity and the other a small one kindled with low intensity. The light bulbs were kindled for different intervals ranging from 3 to 10 s. In both experiments children estimated the lighting time of the bulbs in each condition by a reproduction method. In the first experiment prospective time estimates were found to be significantly longer than retrospective ones. In the second experiment children gave shorter time estimates when their attention was attracted away from the time estimation task than when it was not. In both experiments the attentional hypothesis was supported. In addition, support for the "more is more" hypothesis was obtained. Implications for understanding children's time perception processes are discussed.

Attention↗
PubMed1991

[Time perception by patients with depression in manic-depressive psychosis and recurrent schizophrenia].

The author provides the results of a clinicopsychological examination of time perception and surviving by 58 depressive patients with manic-depressive psychosis (MDP) and attack-like schizophrenia. The time surviving and counting off were done in the three clinical variants of depression: hypochondriacal, agitated and apathetic. The surviving of time violation was regarded in the structure of depersonalization disorders, particularly "Ego" stability in time as well as bearing in mind the duration, sequence, localization, rate, tempo and rhythm of the events and emotional experience. The most pronounced and diverse disorders of time surviving were recorded in hypochondriacal depression of MDP, less remarkable and latent in apathetic depression within the framework of schizophrenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Disturbances in time perception in relation to changes in experiencing music in experimental psychosis].

Music is a structure ('Gestalt') in time. The recognition of disturbances of the perception of music enhances the knowledge of disorders of perception of time. Disturbances of perception of music and time in experimental psychoses (psilocybine) are discussed in relation to the studies by Piaget on the development of the notion of time in childhood. The results allow a new interpretation of the disturbances of the perception of time in diencephalic disorders as described in the literature.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Causes and consequences of time perception differences in overweight and normal weight people.

Three experiments considered whether there are differences between overweight and normal weight subjects in time perception which represent the obese subjects' lack of internal responsiveness as well as heightened external reactivity in a noneating setting. In the first study, no time-relevant cues were provided, and overweight subjects were inaccurate in their temporal judgments and showed significantly higher group variability than did normals. In the second study, the effects of differential temporal information generated by interesting and boring cues was considered. The presentation of these time-relevant external cues reduced the judgment variability of the overweight subjects and influenced their perceived passage of time significantly more than normals. The third study examined the influence, on eating behavior, of differences in perceived passage of time as a consequence of manipulating cues for interest or boredom. When bored, overweight subjects perceived time to pass more slowly than did normals and thus ate sooner. Similarly, they delayed eating, judging time to have passed more quickly than it actually had, when they were attending to interesting cues. The implications of a generalized lack of internal sensitivity for a theory about the development and consequences of obesity are discussed.

Attention↗
PubMed1992

Pharmacologic properties of the internal clock underlying time perception in humans.

Performance on temporal discrimination of time intervals in the range of milliseconds is interpreted by the assumption of an internal clock; the higher the clock rate the better the temporal resolution of the internal clock will be, which is equivalent to more accuracy in timing of brief intervals. Although there is some evidence from animal and human studies suggesting that the clock rate depends on the effective level of brain dopamine (DA), the findings are not conclusive. Therefore, an alternative interpretation of the pharmacologic properties of the internal clock has been introduced. According to this interpretation, the internal timing mechanism can be seen as a biological rhythm that is susceptible to chronomutagenic agents, i.e., pharmacologic compounds that are able to produce an alteration in the period of a biological rhythm. To elucidate the pharmacologic properties of the internal timing mechanism, in a double-blind study either 1750 mg of the DA antagonist alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT), 0.65 g/kg ethanol which possesses chronomutagenic effects, or placebo were applied to 80 male subjects. As measures of performance, difference threshold estimates in relation to a 50- and a 1,000-ms standard interval and respective response latencies were computed. Furthermore, urinary levels of DA, DOPAC, and HVA were quantified by HPLC analysis. Although AMPT treatment resulted in a pronounced reduction of more than 50% for DA, DOPAC, and HVA, temporal discrimination was not affected. On the other hand, ethanol induced a significant impairment in performance on temporal discrimination in the range of milliseconds as compared to placebo. Neither temporal discrimination in the range of seconds nor response latencies were affected by the drugs applied in this experiment. Our findings suggest that the internal timing mechanism underlying temporal discrimination of intervals in the range of milliseconds is independent of the effective level of brain DA. More likely, pharmacologically induced changes in clock rate appear to depend on the chronomutagenic effects of the drug applied. Furthermore, the absence of ethanol-induced changes in performance on temporal discrimination of longer intervals in the range of seconds supports the assumption of two distinct timing mechanisms underlying temporal discrimination in the millisecond and second range.

3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid↗