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Rabies immunofluorescence in glycerol-preserved tissues is more intense without acetone fixation. Glycerol preservation of suspected rabid tissue should be avoided whenever possible.
Fourier transform infrared microscopy is a powerful tool for the characterization of mineral and protein in histologic sections of bone. This study was concerned with determining whether techniques used to preserve these tissues and to prepare them for sectioning had an effect on spectral properties. The nu 1, nu 3 phosphate bands in the 900-1200 cm-1 spectral region were used to evaluate the structure of the apatitic mineral in fresh-frozen, ethanol-fixed, and formalin-fixed 35-day-old rat femurs; fresh-frozen and formalin-fixed 20-day-old fetal rat femurs; ground 35-day-old rat diaphyseal bone samples; and formalin-fixed, methacrylate-embedded ground diaphyseal bone. The crystallinity (crystal size and perfection) of the bone apatite was assessed by a curve-fitting analysis of the nu 1, nu 3 phosphate bands. Results indicate that ethanol or formalin fixation of the 35-day-old intact rat femur, and formalin fixation and embedding of the ground rat bone do not significantly alter the crystallinity of the apatite. However, formalin fixation of the fetal rat bone did alter the structure of the apatite mineral phase. In addition, evaluation of protein secondary structure in the 35-day-old rat femur from the Amide I and Amide II vibrations near 1650 and 1550 cm-1, respectively, revealed that protein conformation was altered by ethanol fixation.
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The conservation of tissue in GDR is an example system of superregional supply with tissue transplants, which was established with the foundation of the Central Tissue Bank at the Charité in 1956 e. g. with the following arrangement of tissue banks in Leipzig and Rostock in 1966 and 1969. The concept of this tissue banks is characterized by means of decentralised production of tissue material under conditions of section and the central preparation, conservation and storage (chemical or radiation sterilization, conservation on base of freeze-drying (or freeze-storage), aseptic packing and storage by room temperature). This system allows the consistent disposal of 30 various nonvital tissue preparations. Until 1989 more than 170,000 allogeneic and xenogeneic tissue transplants have been produced in the tissue banks of country of which nearly 130,000 were used in 300 clinics.
Endoscopic operations are tissue-preserving operative methods, which are increasing constantly in importance. Lag screw osteosynthesis is suitable for performance as an endoscopic operation with specially designed instruments. We have developed a set that allows lag screw osteosynthesis into the axis of the dens. Under endoscopic view the soft tissues are divided and a tube is placed through which the screw is inserted with the aid of an image intensifier. Two patients have so far been operated on in this way, both without complications.
The mercury-tissue-concentrations of implants (structures of the middle ear, bones, cartilage, dura) after preservation in solutions of cialit are mostly independent on preservation conditions, low and seem to be physiological. A positive correlation exists between the weight of the implant and the mercury-tissue concentrations. An enrichment with mercury-ions cannot be stated. The statements do not concern the mercury which is bound on cialit in the implant.
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The present study compares formalin-fixed, deparaffinized and trypsin-treated (DTT) renal tissue sections with frozen sections for detecting immune complex deposition. Both DTT and frozen sections from 52 renal biopsies were stained directly with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antihuman IgG, IgM, IgA, fibrinogen, and C3. DTT sections alone were stained indirectly for C3 using a double conjugate technique. Antigen presence or absence on DTT section was accurately detected in 90 per cent of biopsies for immunoglobulins and fibrinogen and in 75 per cent for C3 when compared to frozen section. Furthermore, antigen deposition was found in 21 per cent of biopsies only on DTT sections (usually because frozen tissue lacked glomeruli). Frozen sections alone were treated with reagents of the fixation-embedding process and directly stained for IgM and C3 to determine antigen stability. Alkaline or neutral formalin pH helped maximize antigen preservation. DTT sections are a valuable tissue source for adjunctive diagnosis of renal disease.
Stress gastritis frequently occurs in association with shock or sepsis. Gastric mucosal ischemia appears to be a key feature in these critically ill patients. The University of Wisconsin cold preservation solution (UWS) is an isoosmolar, nonglucose-based perfusate that minimizes hypothermia-induced cell swelling and prevents intracellular acidosis and oxygen-free radical injury, while providing high energy substrates for donor organs. In a prospective, single-blind study, 18 similar Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided to receive only 5 per cent dextrose and water (D5W) (Group 1) or a 50 per cent solution of D5W+UWS (Group 2) for 72 hours. At the end of 72 hours the animals were stressed by the cold-restraint model. The mean number of ulcers for Group 2 was nearly half that of Group 1. Also, Group 2 had a significantly lower mean total ulcer length (P less than 0.005) and ulcer index (P less than 0.05). Most of Group 2 had mild gastritis changes (grade 0 to 1), while more than half of Group 1 had severe gastritis (grade 3). Gastric mucosal pH was similar for both groups. Topically applied UWS appears to reduce the severity and incidence of stress gastritis in this experimental model. Because mucosal pH values were similar, it is thought that UWS may alter the effects of gastric mucosal ischemia at a cellular level.
The requirement for unfixed tissue is a major drawback in the use of immunohistochemistry for the diagnosis of inflammatory and neoplastic disease. We describe the use of a novel gel transport medium (U.K. Patent No. WO 90/07703, international patent applications pending) to preserve unfixed skin biopsies from allergic contact dermatitis reactions for 1 week prior to frozen section and immunohistochemistry for leucocyte antigens. The medium can be used with biopsies up to 6 mm3 and does not require any alteration in the usual frozen section or immunohistochemical staining procedures. The results show a subjective improvement in both morphology and staining quality. We believe this to be due to improved cutting of the sections and reduced background staining of collagen. This transport medium should be of considerable benefit to the provision of a clinical service, because it allows tissue for immunohistochemical examination to be taken at locations distant from the pathology laboratory.
In the present study the functional and morphologic effects of two pulmoplegic solutions are evaluated. Single left-lung allotransplantation with ligation of the right pulmonary artery was performed in 15 piglets (13-20 kg). The lungs were preserved after donor prostaglandin E-1 treatment with single pulmonary artery flush with either modified Euro-Collins solution (mECS) (9 pigs) or oxygenated fluorocarbon emulsion (FC-43) (6 pigs) and transplanted after 6-hr storage in cold Physiosol solution. Tidal volumes of 15 ml/kg x fr (18) with 40% inspired oxygen were used for ventilation during reperfusion. Function of the transplanted lung was monitored for 4 hr postoperatively by determining pa CO2 and pa O2 levels from arterial samples and by noninvasive monitoring of end-tidal CO2 values and arterial oxygen saturations. Sequential morphologic changes in pulmonary artery flow surface and lung tissue were studied after 6-hr storage and 4-hr reperfusion, using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy (LM, SEM, TEM). There was no mortality. After transplantation the mECS group experienced significant hypoxia and hypercarbia and had low end-tidal CO2 values as signs of defective oxygenation and gas exchange, whereas the FC-43 group was normoxic and normoventilated without disturbed elimination of carbon dioxide. After storage and reperfusion, LM showed signs of increased vascular permeability and reperfusion damage--more evident in the mECS group compared with the FC-43 group--while the lymphoid cell population was more intensely activated in the latter group. Electron microscopy after storage showed good overall preservation of structures in both groups. After reperfusion preservation of pulmonary artery flow surface and lung tissue was estimated to be moderate in the mECS group, whereas it was good-to-moderate in the FC-43 group by SEM (NS). TEM of lung tissue, however, showed significantly better-preserved alveolar epithelial lining in the FC-43 group compared with the mECS group. In conclusion, oxygenated fluorocarbon (FC-43) pulmoplegia gave better functional and morphologic preservation of lung grafts compared with modified Euro-Collins solution.
It was established that plant tissues killed by various aldehydes in low concentrations, which evoked general enzyme inactivation for a long time retain permeability and lipoprotein bonds in the cell membranes. Such preparations from Elodea Canadensis leaves are used for: Cu, Zn, Pb, Hg toxical effect investigation. It was stated by chemoluminescence methods that these ions induce slow developed oxidative radical chain reaction in lipid cell membranes and break the lipoprotein bonds.
Twenty-five preserved autopsy blood samples of Bhopal toxic gas exposed victims were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) coupled with either Nitrogen-Phosphorous detector (NPD) or mass spectrometer (MS) for the presence of methyl carbamyl valine in terms of valine methyl hydantoin (VMH). 84% of these samples showed a positive test for VMH on GC-NPD and the identity of the peaks were further confirmed on GC-MS. The concentration of VMH in the gas-affected positive blood samples ranged from 2.56 to 51.28 nanomoles. These results indicate entry of methyl isocyanate (MIC), one of the constituents of the toxic cloud caused by the disaster, into the blood stream of victims who had inhaled gas.
The foot has two skin surfaces which differ on a morphological and functional basis. The plantar skin is a highly specialized organ which has a dash-pot-like effect in weight bearing. The skin which does not participate in weight bearing covers tendons and a very rich syndesmotic complex. The internal soft tissue is segmented in tiny compartments and therefore ist not extensible. The skin and the rather thin subcutaneous layer are not extensible either because of the proximity and the rigidity of the underlying structures. In consequence, trauma to the soft tissue of the foot may cause compartment syndromes and skin defects, or secondary unstable scars which impede function. Compartment syndromes must be recognized early and treated by immediate release. Fresh skin defects need early coverage when tendons and joints are exposed. There is a variety of local flaps which are evenly good for replacement of retracting scars.
The incorporation of the thymidine analogue 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine and its detection by a specific monoclonal antibody, is proving a valuable tool in the study of cell kinetics and proliferation. To date, however, its use has been largely restricted to the light microscope level. The fixatives and processing required do not preserve the cellular ultrastructure. This paper details an immunohistochemical procedure which retains both structural details and preserves sufficient antigenicity for the use of the monoclonal at the electron microscopical level.
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