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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2002

Prediction of marginal bone loss and tooth loss--a prospective study over 20 years.

AIM: The purpose of the study was to investigate the influence of potential risk predictors/risk factors on the longitudinal marginal bone loss and tooth loss over 20 years. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A clinical and radiographic investigation of a sample of 513 individuals was performed in 1970 and 1990. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were adopted to calculate the influence of the potential risk predictors/risk factors on the longitudinal marginal bone loss and tooth loss. RESULTS: Russell's Periodontal Index in 1970 and smoking were significantly and positively correlated to longitudinal bone loss. Russell's Periodontal Index, marginal bone loss and Plaque Index at baseline were positively and significantly correlated to the longitudinal tooth loss, whilst age, the number of missing teeth in 1970 and the number of school years showed a significant negative correlation to number of teeth lost between 1970 and 1990. CONCLUSIONS: Smoking was found to be a significant risk factor in marginal bone loss, while plaque was a risk factor in tooth loss. However, the regression models explained a low percentage of the total variance, especially for marginal bone loss.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Influence of smoking on marginal bone loss and tooth loss--a prospective study over 20 years.

AIMS: The aim was to investigate the influence of smoking on longitudinal marginal bone loss and tooth loss in a prospective study over 20 years. In addition, the effect of cessation of smoking on bone loss and the interaction between smoking, plaque and marginal bone loss were evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 507 dentate individuals from an epidemiological study were examined in 1970 and 1990. The clinical investigation included registration of number of remaining teeth and presence of plaque. The marginal bone level was determined by assessments on the proximal surfaces on the radiographs from 1970 and 1990. The marginal bone loss was defined as the difference in marginal bone level over 20 years. The subjects were interviewed about smoking habits. Stepwise multiple regression analyses were adopted to calculate the influence of the independent variables on longitudinal marginal bone loss and tooth loss. RESULTS: In 1970, 50.7% of the subjects were smokers, while the corresponding relative frequency in 1990 had decreased to 31.0%. Smoking was significantly correlated to an increased marginal bone loss over 20 years. Individuals who stopped smoking between 1970 and 1990 lost significantly less marginal bone during this period than those who declared that they smoked during the 20-year period. Smoking was not found to be significantly correlated to tooth loss over 20 years. CONCLUSIONS: The results support the hypothesis that smoking is a significant risk factor of periodontal disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

A 5-year study of attachment loss and tooth loss in community-dwelling older adults.

Tooth loss is a widely recognized endpoint measure for the effects of periodontal diseases and the impact of periodontal therapy. In fact, traditional clinical measures of periodontal status often are considered to be surrogate endpoints in that they are assumed to be related to tooth loss. However, the strength of the relationship between attachment loss and tooth loss in a representative population of untreated subjects has not been studied extensively. The purpose of this paper is to present the trends in attachment loss over a 5-yr period in a population of community-dwelling elderly blacks and whites. Specifically, this paper presents attachment loss trends both at the person and tooth level to address the following issues; 1) whether teeth that experience attachment loss during 1 time period are more likely to be lost at the next time period; and 2) given similar levels of attachment loss, why are some people more likely to lose teeth? In 1988, the University of North Carolina School of Dentistry initiated the Piedmont 65+ Dental Study, which was designed to elicit 800 dentate respondents in the 5-country area who were examined again at 18, 36 and 60 months. Our findings indicated that teeth with poorer attachment level at baseline had a higher probability of being lost during the next 5 yr and teeth that experienced attachment loss during a time period were more likely to be lost during the next time period than teeth without additional attachment loss. In addition, it appears that there are person-level characteristics associated with increasing tendency towards tooth loss in people with similar periodontal status, a finding that may clarify the relationship between attachment loss and tooth loss.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1999

Alveolar bone loss and tooth loss in male cigar and pipe smokers.

BACKGROUND: While cigarette smoking is recognized as being detrimental to oral health, the effects of cigar and pipe smoking on tooth-loss risk, alveolar bone loss and periodontal disease are not known. The authors conducted this study to determine whether cigar and pipe smokers were at greater risk of experiencing tooth loss and alveolar bone loss than were nonsmokers. METHODS: The authors studied 690 dentate men who participate in the Veterans Affairs Dental Longitudinal Study. Subjects are not VA patients, and they receive medical and dental care in the private sector. A board-certified periodontist conducted clinical examinations triennially for 23 years. These examinations included the number of teeth remaining, number of decayed and filled surfaces per tooth, and indicator scores for plaque, calculus, pocket probing depth, gingival bleeding and tooth mobility. Alveolar bone loss was assessed at each examination on intraoral periapical radiographs using the Schei ruler method, which measures loss of bone height in 20 percent increments. Multivariate analyses of tooth-loss rates and alveolar bone loss controlled for demographic and oral hygiene measures. RESULTS: The relative risk, or RR, of tooth loss compared with that of nonsmokers was significantly elevated in cigar smokers (RR = 1.3, 95 percent confidence interval, or CI, = 1.2, 1.5), pipe smokers (RR = 1.6, 95 percent CI = 1.4, 1.9) and cigarette smokers (RR = 1.6, 95 percent CI = 1.5, 1.7). The percentages of mesial and distal sites with moderate-to-severe progression of alveolar bone loss (a change of 40 percent or more from baseline) were 8 +/- 1 percent (mean +/- standard error) in nonsmokers, 16 +/- 3 percent in cigar smokers (P < .05), 13 +/- 4 percent in pipe smokers (P = .17), and 16 +/- 3 percent in cigarette smokers (P < .001). Pipe and cigar smokers did not differ significantly from nonsmokers with respect to the percentage of sites at baseline with moderate-to-severe scores for calculus, pocket probing depth, gingival bleeding or tooth mobility. Pipe smokers had fewer sites with moderate-to-severe plaque accumulation than did nonsmokers (7 +/- 11 vs. 13 +/- 17, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The authors found that men who smoke cigars or pipes were at increased risk of experiencing tooth loss. Cigar smokers also were at increased risk of experiencing alveolar bone loss. These elevations in risk are similar in magnitude to those observed in cigarette smokers. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The increases in risk related to cigar and pipe smoking provide a strong rationale for targeting smoking prevention and smoking cessation programs to smokers of all tobacco products.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Marginal bone loss and tooth loss in a sample from the County of Stockholm--a longitudinal study over 20 years.

The purpose of the study was to assess the degree of marginal alveolar bone loss and tooth loss in a longitudinal study over a period of 20 years. In 1970 a medical and odontological study on a stratified sample of the population of the County of Stockholm aged 18-65 years started. Twenty years later a new odontological investigation was performed on the 513 subjects who wanted to take part once more and who had at least five remaining teeth. The mean distance between the marginal bone level and the cemento-enamel junction measured on the radiographs in 1970 (MBL) was 13.8% of the root length. The mean bone loss during the 20-year period (MBD) was about 10%, corresponding to a mean annual marginal bone loss of about 0.1 mm. The MBD-values were significantly positively correlated to the MBL-values. The mean number of remaining teeth was 24.7 in 1970 and 21.8 in 1990. A significant positive correlation existed between the number of teeth lost between 1970 and 1990 and the mean MBD-value. In stepwise multiple regression analyses, the MBL-value was the only independent variable positively correlated to the MBD-value, while the number of teeth lost between 1970 and 1990 was significantly correlated to age and the MBL-value.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Tooth loss and tooth retention in a multitribal group of Bantu-speaking South African blacks: a study on 500 dry mandibles.

Tooth loss and tooth retention in adult South African Bantu-speaking Negroes were studied from data derived from 500 dry mandibles. The tribe, sex, and stated age of the specimens were available. Mandibles were equally distributed over the third to seventh decade of life. The presence of dental units was recorded and analysed within and between decade age groups. The mandibles carried a total of 5,459 dental units. Between the third and fourth decades of life and between the sixth and seventh decades, the reduction of the frequency of dental units was mild and statistically not significant. It was, however, severe and significant between the fourth and fifth, and the fifth and sixth decades. In the third-decade group, most teeth were found in the anterior region with a tendency to diminish in number posteriorly. After the third decade there was a definite persistence of first premolars and canines with significant tendency toward loss of teeth anterior and posterior to them. Only the incisors and third molars showed significant reduction in number from the third to the fourth decade. The reduction of all teeth was statistically significant later, until the sixth decade of life. Although there was loss of teeth from the sixth to the seventh decade, it was not significant for any of the homologous dental units. There is a possibility that some dietary differences existed between the older subjects (50-70 years old) and the younger ones (20-49 years old) which may have had some influence on the results.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Association of the OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism with tooth loss.

Although tooth loss is a serious health problem for elderly people, little is known about the genetic basis for susceptibility to it. In the present study we aimed to find a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associated with tooth loss. DNA samples from 119 outpatients (mean age=78.8 years) were genotyped on seven polymorphisms (tumor necrosis factor-alpha -1031T/C, interleukin-1beta -511C/T, interleukin-6 -634C/G, macrophage migration inhibitory factor -173G/C, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist variable number of tandem repeat in intron 2, matrix metalloproteinase-1 -16071G/2G, and oxoguanine glycosylase 1 (OGG1) Ser326Cys (1245C/G)), and the results were statistically evaluated. Of the seven polymorphisms tested, only OGG1 Ser326Cys was revealed to associate with tooth loss at a statistically significant level (P=0.0086). In addition, a multivariate logistic regression analysis in which age, gender, body mass index (BMI), and ischemic heart disease were included as independent variables indicated that Ser326Cys could be an independent factor affecting tooth loss (OR, 3.191; 95%CI, 1.174-8.672). The data suggest that the OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism may be associated with tooth loss.

Aged↗
PubMed2003

[Relationship between estrogen-receptor genotype and tooth loss in postmenopausal women].

Tooth loss is known to be influenced by environmental factors, but the role of genetic factors remains unknown. It is likely that the estrogen-receptor (ER) gene could be associated with tooth loss in women because recent studies in the United State reported the protective effect of estrogen replacement therapy on tooth retention in the elderly. We first demonstrated relationship between ER genotype and tooth loss in post-menopausal women. However, further investigation is necessary to clarify unknown pathways in which ER genotype contributes to tooth loss in women.

English Abstract↗
PubMed1996

Use of the Weibull hazard model to estimate age-specific probability of permanent tooth loss.

In analysis of the probability of tooth loss with age, the exact time of tooth loss is often unknown, although it is clear whether a tooth remains or has been lost. That is, left censoring is inevitable during data sampling. This may provide a biased estimate if such data are dealt with by the product-limit method, which is a common method of survival analysis. To reduce such a bias in estimating the age-specific probability of tooth loss, we developed a survival analysis method taking left censoring into consideration. Four hundred and forty-six panoramic radiographs obtained in a daily clinical practice were used. The frequency of tooth loss with age was assumed to follow the Weibull hazard model, and a likelihood function taking left censoring into consideration was defined to estimate the probability of tooth loss. The estimate obtained from our method was compared with that from the product-limit method to examine whether the effect of left censoring was reduced. We found that the probability of tooth loss estimated by the product-limit method was biased by left-censored data, and that the bias was reduced when our method was used. A Monte Carlo simulation study, in which the true tooth loss time was given, also showed that our method provided an estimate closer to the true value. Our method is considered to be more accurate in estimating the probability of tooth loss, since it reduces the bias caused by left-censored data.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Two-year incidence of tooth loss among South Australians aged 60+ years.

UNLABELLED: Tooth loss diminishes oral function and quality of life, and national health targets aim to reduce population levels of tooth loss. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine tooth loss incidence and predictors of tooth loss among older adults in South Australia. METHODS: Data were obtained from a cohort study of a stratified random sample of community-dwelling dentate people aged 60+ years. Interviews and oral examinations were conducted among 911 individuals at baseline and among 693 of them (76.1%) 2 years later. Incidence rates and relative risks were calculated for population subgroups and multivariate logistic regression was used to construct risk prediction models. A method was developed to calculate 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for relative risks (RR) from logistic regression models using a Taylor series approximation. RESULTS: Some 19.5% (95% CI = 15.4-23.6%) of people lost one or more teeth during the 2 years. Men, people with a recent extraction, people who brushed their teeth infrequently, smokers and people born outside Australia had significantly (P < 0.05) greater risk of tooth loss. Baseline clinical predictors of tooth loss included more missing teeth, retained roots, decayed root surfaces, periodontal pockets and periodontal recession. In a multivariate model that controlled for baseline clinical predictors, former smokers (RR = 2.55, 95% CI = 1.48-4.40) and current smokers (RR = 2.06, 95% CI = 0.92-4.62) had similarly elevated risks of tooth loss compared with non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this population suggest that a history of smoking contributes to tooth loss through mechanisms in addition to clinical disease processes alone.

Cohort Studies↗
PubMed1989

Causes of tooth loss in a veteran population.

Tooth loss in adults over age 35 usually is attributed to periodontal diseases. However, certain adult populations are known to have high caries rates. It is not clear to what extent caries contributes to tooth loss in adults. This pilot study examined the causes of tooth loss in a veteran population residing in an 800-bed, primarily long-term care facility. The study retrospectively reviewed 572 patients' dental records and documented causes for dental extractions. Of the sample population, 168 teeth were extracted in 51 patients who had 860 teeth present before treatment. Mean age of the patients undergoing extractions was 57.7 years, lower than the sample population of 60.1 years. Of the 168 teeth extracted, 105 (63%) were attributed to caries and 33 (20%) were documented as root tips, suggesting the presence of root caries. Fifty-five (33%) were extracted due to periodontal disease and six (4%) were extracted for prosthodontic reasons. Of the maxillary teeth, 67 percent were extracted for caries and 25 percent of periodontal reasons. Caries accounted for 57 percent and periodontal disease accounted for 42 percent of the mandibular teeth extracted. The order in which teeth were most frequently extracted was maxillary anteriors, mandibular anteriors, maxillary and mandibular premolars, and maxillary and mandibular molars. This study supports the recent work of authors who have found caries contributing significantly to tooth loss in adult populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Pattern of tooth loss in an elderly population from Ibadan, Nigeria.

OBJECTIVES: To determine tooth loss, edentulousness, causes of tooth loss and pattern of tooth loss in the elderly in South East Local Government area (SELGA) in Ibadan. BACKGROUND DATA: SELGA is one of the largest in Oyo State, Nigeria and has a population of 225,800. DESIGN: A cross-sectional survey. METHODOLOGY: A total of 690 elderly individuals who were 65 years and above living in various wards in SELGA were interviewed by two interviewers and examined by two trained and calibrated examiners whilst two record clerks recorded all the findings of the examination. RESULT: Forty-eight per cent of the subjects in the study had not lost any teeth. The mean tooth loss was 4.5+/-7.6. Percentage edentulousness was 1.3% and this was higher in males than in females. This difference was not statistically significant (chi(2)=0.07 p=0.7). The total number of teeth lost was 3,102, 14% of the total number of teeth examined. The study showed that caries was not a major cause of tooth loss. Only 22 (0.7%) teeth were lost as a result of caries, 19 (0.6%) were lost because of trauma and periodontal disease contributed to loss of 3,061 (98.7%) teeth. Mandibular teeth exhibited a higher rate of retention than maxillary teeth. The percentage of elderly individuals with tooth loss increased with age. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the high life expectancy of a tooth among the elderly in SELGA. Despite the different cause of tooth loss in this area, in comparison with developed countries, the pattern of tooth retention appeared similar.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Predictors of tooth loss in two US adult populations.

OBJECTIVES: This study determines tooth loss rate over a 10-year period and identifies predictors of tooth loss in two separate US adult longitudinal study populations. METHODS: Subjects from the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging (BLSA), consisting of 47 men and 47 women, ages ranging from 30 to 69 years, were compared to subjects from the VA Dental Longitudinal Study (VADLS) in Boston, MA, consisting of 481 men in the same age range. Baseline and follow-up examinations were performed on each cohort over a 10-year period. Using multivariate regression models, significant predictors of tooth loss were identified. RESULTS: A mean rate of tooth loss of 1.5 teeth lost per 10 years was noted in the VADLS cohort compared to 0.6 teeth lost per 10 years in the BLSA (P < .001). Combining subjects from both populations, significant predictors of tooth loss were baseline values of: percent of teeth with restorations, mean probing pocket depth score, age, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, number of teeth present, and male sex. However, the set of significant predictor variables differed between the two populations and sexes. In BLSA men, number of teeth present, percent of teeth with restorations, mean probing pocket depth score, and alcohol consumption, but not age, were significant, while in BLSA women, only age was a significant predictor. CONCLUSIONS: Over a 10-year period, the incidence of tooth loss, the rates of tooth loss, and the predictors of tooth loss were found to vary by population and by sex. These results illustrate the limits of generalizing tooth loss findings across different study cohorts and indicate that there may exist important differences in risk factors for tooth loss among US adult populations.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Life-style correlates of tooth loss in an adult Midwestern population.

OBJECTIVES: To describe life-style correlates of tooth loss in a representative rural American population. METHODS: Information on tooth loss as well as past medical history and life-style factors was obtained in a well-defined cohort of 2,764 persons 53-96 years of age in Beaver Dam, WI (1998-2000). RESULTS: There were 1,992 (68.2%) persons missing some and 447 (15.3%) missing all of their teeth. In univariable analyses, age, cigarette smoking, heavy drinking, education, multivitamin use, and diabetes status were associated with tooth loss. Tooth loss was associated with poorer self-rated health and with difficulty eating solid food and inability to enjoy some food. In multivariable models age, education, smoking, heavy drinking, and diabetes were significantly associated with tooth loss. CONCLUSIONS: Tooth loss is common in older persons and is associated with many risk factors including education, smoking, and heavy drinking. It is possible that modifying these may influence risk of tooth loss.

Adult↗