SEARCH · PubMed Health
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
Bacterial tracheitis after an upper viral respiratory infection is a well-recognized entity in the pediatric literature. Bacterial tracheitis has only recently been reported in adults, and it is a potentially life-threatening illness. We report a case of bacterial tracheitis in a patient with AIDS.
In this study, four patients with membranous tracheitis following endotracheal intubation are presented. Possible causes for the development of the condition were mostly related to subglottic epithelial trauma caused by the pressure of the cuff of the tube for a long time on the mucosa and the drying effect of atropine. The literature concerning the development of membranous tracheitis in previous studies is also presented.
Branhamella catarrhalis, a well known commensal of the normal respiratory flora, is being increasingly implicated as an aetiological agent in various acute respiratory and non-respiratory infections. B. catarrhalis has demonstrated a particular predilection for turning pathogenic in the immunocompromised host. Bacterial tracheitis, presenting as an acute airway obstruction, is commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae. The unusual occurrence of a fulminant B. catarrhalis bacterial tracheitis in a previously normal and healthy Indian child is the subject of this communication.
During a 14-month period, eight infants and children were observed with an acute, infectious, upper airway obstructive disease with features common to both croup and epiglottitis. We have termed this distinct entity "bacterial tracheitis." All patients failed to respond to treatment for croup, including racemic epinephrine delivered by intermittent positive-pressure breathing. Direct laryngoscopy consistently revealed a normal epiglottis and aryepiglottic folds but marked subglottic mucosal edema. Tracheal suctioning yielded copius mucopus below the subglottic swelling. Gram stain of this material corroborated subsequent cultures: Staphylococcus aureus, six; group A Streptococcus, one; and Haemophilus influenzae (not typed), one. All patients required periodic tracheal suctioning for relief of upper airway obstruction. Six patients required endotracheal intubation; one required a tracheostomy. Bacterial tracheitis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a young child with a croup-like illness that is refractory to conventional therapy.
Outbreaks of illness and deaths in sheep after the concurrent administration of a cobalt, copper and zinc mineral supplement and laevamisole are described. Clinical illness was characterised by profound dyspnoea and inability to exercise. The consistent postmortem finding was severe, necrotising tracheitis with partial occlusion of the airway. This lesion was reproduced experimentally by intratracheal administration of the mineral supplement dissolved in one particular formulation of laevamisole but not in water or another preparation of laevamisole. Further experiments revealed that combined zinc sulphate and copper sulphate dissolved in the particular formulation of laevamisole would produce the tracheal lesions.
A retrospective analysis was completed of the charts of the 1,727 patients with the diagnosis of croup seen during two years (1985 and 1986) in the Emergency Department of The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto. Cough (91.4%) was the most common presenting symptom. Other presenting signs and symptoms included stridor (57.5%), chest wall retraction (38%), coryza and wheezing (18.5%) and tracheal tug (15%). The majority of patients were treated on an ambulatory basis while 377 (21.7%) were admitted for further management. Inpatient treatment included racemic epinephrine (120 patients) and parenteral steroids (17). Twelve (12) patients required airway support (endotracheal intubation). No tracheotomy for tracheitis was performed during this two year period. No deaths occurred in this patient population.
The authors describe changes in the cough reflex in unanaesthetized cats with experimental local tracheitis. Inflammation was produced by a silk suture fixed in the trachea and cough was elicited by mechanical stimulation of different parts of the respiratory tract mucosa. The resultant cough values (the number of efforts, the intensity of the maximum effort and the intensity of the attack) were compared with the corresponding values in healthy cats. In animals with a tracheal suture, inflammation was confined to the trachea. The intensity of cough elicited by stimulation of this region increased significantly compared with normal (on the 15th to 17th day of inflammation), whereas cough elicited from the laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial region did not. On about the 20th day of inflammation the authors found a decrease in the intensity of the maximum effort of cough elicited from the inflamed part of the trachea and a decrease in the intensity of the maximum effort and the intensity of the coughing attack elicited from the laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial region. They assume that the decrease could have been due to the development of protective inhibition in central structures participating in integration of the cough reflex.
Bacterial tracheitis (BT) was found in 10 of 748 children (1.3%) admitted with croup during 1983-1990. 9.9% of all the 748 croup cases seen (74) were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and 16 of the 74 required intubation. 10 of those intubated (62.5%) were found to have BT and had typical features of croup, including inspiratory stridor, hoarseness and cough. Airway obstruction resulted mainly from accumulated tracheal pus. After endotracheal intubation all required frequent suctioning of thick purulent secretions. In 2 children causative microorganisms were cultured from the blood, and in all 10 from the tracheal pus. All children were given antibiotic therapy but a 7 month-old girl died of secondary complications (respiratory syncytial virus infection, pneumonia and adult respiratory distress syndrome). The others recovered and were discharged from the PICU within 3-14 days. BT should be suspected when tracheal intubation is required in croup. In such cases close monitoring in a PICU and frequent tracheal suctioning after intubation is necessary; antibiotic therapy should be considered.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
This paper reports studies showing the effects of serum antibody upon influenza infection at two different sites: the trachea and lung. Tracheal desquamation, pulmonary consolidation, death, and virus shedding were examined after infection of mice with a lethal A/Port Chalmers/1/73 (H3N2) influenza virus. Immune serum administered intraperitoneally before infection prevented death and pulmonary consolidation and also significantly lowered lung virus shedding as compared with controls receiving normal serum. However, this protection did not extend to the ciliated epithelium of the trachea because serum antibody did not prevent desquamation of the trachea or significantly decrease viral yield from the trachea. These results indicate that serum antibody is protective against severe pulmonary parenchymal disease but not for disease of the ciliated epithelium.
Up to 12% mortality occurred in goslings between 4 and 11 days of age in two sequential hatches from a single breeder flock. Respiratory signs were noted before the birds died. The most consistent necropsy finding was a white opaque plug of fibrin and cellular debris in the trachea. The tracheal epithelium was hyperplastic and metaplastic with intranuclear inclusion bodies present in superficial cells. An adenovirus was isolated in both chicken and goose embryo liver cells.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.