Traction function and application: Buck's traction - pelvic traction.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Curriculum↗
SEARCH · PubMed Health
Results for “Traction”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.
An evaluation of extraoral combined high-pull traction and cervical traction to the maxilla.
The effects of extraoral combined high-pull traction and cervical traction of known duration (mean, 122 days) and magnitude (2.5 to 3 pounds total per side) were studied by means of serial lateral cephalometric head films of thirty patients. The lateral cephalometric head films used were taken at three different times: before the extraoral force was applied, after the prescribed period of continuous headgear wear, and as long as possible after the extraoral force was discontinued. Changes in the dentition and associated structures were described both for the period of continuous headgear wear and for an average of 3.2 years later. The following conclusions are based on statistical analysis of the observed changes: 1. The position of the maxilla and the palatal plane was not significantly affected by relatively short periods of extraoral combined high-pull traction and cervical traction to the maxillary first molars as used for this investigation. 2. The maxillary first molars can be moved distally and bodily with this appliance without extrusion. 3. On the average, the mandibular first molars uprighted distally in response to the extraoral force to the maxilla. 4. The maxillary and mandibular first molars demonstrated a strong tendency to recover to their original positions and inclinations relative to their respective bases during the posttreatment period. 5. The amount and direction of growth in the posttreatment period may be important in determining how the Class I relationship is maintained.
Cephalometry↗
Intracranial aneurysm and hemorrhage following skull caliper traction. Review of skull traction complications.
Serious complications of caliper skull traction for fracture-dislocations of the cervical spine are so rare that they are not discussed in most standard textbooks. A fusiform intracranial aneurysm which followed the placement of skull tongs is reported. Subsequent aneurysmal rupture produced an intracerbral hematoma requiring drainage. The literature recording the complications of skull caliper traction is reviewed and the indications for skull traction and the need for scrupulous surgical technique are emphasized.
Cerebral Hemorrhage↗
Vitrectomy for diabetic macular traction and edema associated with posterior hyaloidal traction.
Pars plana vitrectomy with separation of the posterior hyaloid was performed in 10 eyes with diabetic macular edema and traction associated with a thickened and taut premacular posterior hyaloid. Nine of the 10 eyes had previous macular photocoagulation. Preoperative fluorescein angiography showed a deep and diffuse pattern of leakage in the macula. Intraoperatively, the attached and thickened posterior hyaloid was lifted and separated from the retina. Postoperatively, vision improved in nine eyes. The macular traction and edema resolved in eight eyes and decreased in two. Complications included a vitreous hemorrhage, a rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, cataract formation, and a mild epimacular membrane, each occurring in one eye. Vitreous surgery can improve the visual prognosis of some eyes with diabetic macular traction and edema associated with a thickened and taut posterior hyaloid.
Adult↗
[Theory of traction. Determination of the optimal arrangement of metal in the dorsal traction of an olecranon fracture].
This is the analysis of external forces acting on the elbow joint and their influence on the appearance of bending forces, shearing forces and tensions along the ulna and their alterations with fractures of the olecranon. The influence of flexor muscles on the fracture site is being evaluated too. The fracture of the olecranon is being defined by means of statics. All disadvantages of a dorsal tension band i.e. uncertainty to neutralize all forces acting at the fracture site adequately, irregular interfragmentary compression, creation of unwanted stearing forces and moments, rest on its excentric localisation. The optimal distribution of hard ware is being evaluated.
Biomechanical Phenomena↗
[Samples of traction harnesses for therapeutic spinal traction].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Humans↗
[Treatment of idiopathic evolutional scoliosis with night-time vertebral traction and dynamic traction].
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Adolescent↗
Sharing: cervical traction, skeletal traction.
Explore the source record for details and available documents.
Fractures, Bone↗
[Evaluation of the effects of pulling angle and force on intermittent cervical traction with the Saunder's Halter].
Intermittent cervical traction with proper angle and force is an effective treatment for cervical syndrome. The goals of therapy are effective traction for the affected segments without further damage to the soft tissue. The purposes of this study were to find the traction angle and force which results in the best therapeutic effect. The effect of cervical traction was evaluated by cervical roentgenography, by examining the distance of the posterior margin of the intervertebral space. For a study of the proper angle of traction, intermittent cervical traction was applied to 20 healthy normal volunteers in a supine position with a constant traction force of 15 kgf. The traction lasted for 8 seconds followed by unloading for 4 seconds and the application was alternated after 10 minutes. The elongated gaps of the posterior vertebral margins obtained from the different neck flexion angles of 35, 30, 25, 20 and 15 degrees were compared. Traction of under 30 degrees was longest for the levels of C4- 5 and C5-6. For the C6-7 and C7-T1 levels, traction was longest under 35 degrees. For study of the minimal effective traction force, the same procedures of intermittent cervical traction were applied to another 15 healthy normal volunteers, except the neck was fixed in a flexion of 35 degrees, and the traction force was 9, 12, 15 and 18 kgf. The best results were noted with a traction force of 15 or 18 kgf. However, there were more complaints of neck discomfort after traction with a force of 18 kgf.
Adult↗
Effect of lumbar traction on stature.
Ten subjects were given lumbar traction for each of three time periods. Traction forces of one third of body weight were used. Stature was measured before and after traction and before and after three control periods of crook lying (lying supine with the knees flexed at 90 degrees and the feet resting on the traction table). ANOVA was used to test the hypotheses that traction and time in traction were significantly related to stature increase. Traction had significant effects on stature. The mean stature increase was 8.94 mm after 25 minutes traction compared with 3.33 mm after 25 minutes crook lying. Time in traction also had significant effects on stature increase which was most rapid during the first 15 minutes of traction. These findings can be related to the use of stature measurement as an index of spinal loading and the possible implications for treatment. However, since only healthy, young subjects were used and only one magnitude of traction was applied, the findings should be interpreted with caution. Further investigations would overcome these limitations.
Adult↗
[Traction and kinesitherapy in the management of painful syndromes of the cervical spine].
Painful cervical spine syndromes caused by discopathy become ever more frequent. Conservative treatment of cervical discopathy includes mainly traction, kinesitherapy, thermotherapy, massage and electrotherapy. Traction treatment and kinesitherapy are particularly important. The author carried out investigations in 90 cases of cervical discopathy divided into 3 groups of 30 cases in each. In each group cervical traction was applied using Glisson's loop at different traction force and duration of traction. It was observed that three factors were of decisive importance for the end-result of traction: a) a proper position of the patient during the procedure and a proper direction of traction force, b) a proper duration of traction, c) a properly selected weight. Electromyography demonstrated bioelectric activity in the trapezius muscle and deltoid muscle on the affected side before treatment. After application of traction the bioelectric activity of these muscles was significantly reduced at rest. It is concluded that cervical traction and kinesitherapy are effective methods in treatment of cerival spinal painful syndromes.
Cervical Vertebrae↗
Overdistraction: a hazard of skull traction in the management of acute injuries of the cervical spine.
In acute cervical spine trauma, skull traction is used to reduce a dislocation or fracture dislocation, to immobilize an unstable lesion until definitive treatment (operative or conservative) is possible or, more rarely, as a definitive treatment until healing occurs. This method may be dangerous when an unstable lesion is accidentally overdistracted. A few cases have been reported in the literature, some with neurological complications. We report five cases in which overdistraction was seen. Two hangman's fractures were overdistracted. One of the two patients developed a Cheyne-Stokes breathing pattern during traction which resolved after the weight was reduced. Furthermore, two hyperextension/distraction injuries (C4/5 and C6/7) and one bilateral C5/6 fracture dislocation were overdistracted without neurological deterioration. Occipitocervical dislocations, fractures of the odontoid process, hangman's fractures, hyperextension/distraction injuries and bilateral dislocations or fracture dislocations may present disruption of both the anterior and posterior elements. Therefore, these injuries are specially vulnerable to overdistraction when skull traction is used. To prevent accidental overdistraction during skull traction, we recommend the use of less weight than is generally proposed in the literature. To reduce a dislocation, we start traction weight at 2 kg and slowly increase it under continuous neurological and radiological monitoring until reduction is completed. Traction of 5-7 kg is usually sufficient; however, heavier traction may occasionally be necessary. After reduction is completed, traction is reduced to 2 kg. This weight is sufficient to immobilize a lesion until definitive treatment is possible. Inadvertent rotation may be prevented by placing sandbags on both sides of the head.
Adolescent↗
Goodley polyaxial cervical traction. A new approach to a traditional treatment.
A cervical traction system is discussed that offers advantages over traditional methods of applying cervical traction. The major advantage of this system is that it allows precise application of traction to only the restricted spinal segments. Because of this specificity, traction may be applied at reduced force, decreasing the risk of injury. The traction apparatus is adjusted easily to the individual and may be used in the clinic or at home. My experience with the apparatus has shown greater patient compliance, resulting in increased treatment effectiveness, when compared with traditional traction methods. Four representative case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of this traction system. Closely controlled studies are needed to substantiate the effectiveness and safety of this traction system.
Adult↗
Hypertension associated with skeletal traction in children.
Since traction-associated hypertension seems to be a relatively unknown phenomenon, a survey was done of its incidence in children treated with skeletal traction for fractures and orthopaedic diseases. The correlation with hypercalcaemia, a possible aetiological factor, was also explored. Blood pressure was recorded three times a day with an automatic oscillometric unit during the stay in the hospital. Serum calcium, creatinine and total protein concentrations were measured once a week. Patients with pre-existing diseases or renal trauma were excluded. Arterial hypertension (systolic and/or diastolic) was found in 31/50 children (62%). In almost half of these the rise in systolic blood pressure was 10 mmHg or more above the 95th percentile. Hypertension occurred in most cases within the first 3 weeks of treatment; in 7 children it developed after 3 or more weeks of traction. All children became normotensive within 1 week after discontinuation of traction. Clinical symptoms were rare: two children complained of headache. In no instance had traction to be discontinued before the planned date because of hypertension. In the hypertensive group were more preschool children and more humeral fractures as compared to the normotensive group (n = 19). Hypercalcaemia occurred in 11 children and was equally distributed in hypertensive and in normotensive children. It is concluded that arterial hypertension is a frequent finding in children in traction, but its clinical relevance is uncertain. Hypercalcaemia is not a rare finding in immobilized children, but probably plays no causative role in traction-related hypertension.
Adolescent↗
Current practice in use of prereduction traction for congenital dislocation of the hip.
To define the current application of preliminary traction for congenital dislocation of the hip (CDH), 335 members of the Pediatric Orthopaedic Society were surveyed, with an 87% response rate. Most respondents believe that traction reduces the incidence of avascular necrosis (AVN) and enables easier reduction. Only 5% of those surveyed do not use traction, but it is used more frequently in the Northeastern United States. Home traction, favored by 31% of the respondents, is used longer than hospital traction. Although traction is commonly used, a consensus to use preliminary traction has not been achieved. Practice patterns should not be used to determine effectiveness of a treatment.
Canada↗
Tissue engineering science: consequences of cell traction force.
Blood and tissue cells mechanically interact with soft tissues and tissue-equivalent reconstituted collagen gels in a variety of situations relevant to biomedicine and biotechnology. A key phenomenon in these interactions is the exertion of traction force by cells on local collagen fibers which typically constitute the solid network of these tissues and gels and impart gross mechanical integrity. Two important consequences of cells exerting traction on such collagen networks are first, when the cells co-ordinate their traction, resulting in cell migration, and second, when their traction is sufficient to deform the network. Such cell-collagen network interactions are coupled in a number of ways. Network deformation, for example, can result in net alignment of collagen fibers, eliciting contact guidance, wherein cells move with bidirectional bias along an axis of fiber alignment, potentially leading to a nonuniform cell distribution. This may govern cell accumulation in wounds and be exploited to control cell infiltration of bioartificial tissues and organs. Another consequence of cell traction is the resultant stress and strain in the network which modulate cell protein and DNA synthesis and differentiation. We summarize, here, relevant mathematical theories which we have used to describe the inherent coupling of cell dynamics and tissue mechanics in cell-populated collagen gels via traction. The development of appropriate models based on these theories, in an effort to understand how events in wound healing govern the rate and extent of wound contraction, and to measure cell traction forces in vitro, are described. Relevant observations and speculation from cell biology and medicine that motivate or serve to critique the assumptions made in the theories and models are also summarized.
Biomechanical Phenomena↗
Tractional elevations of the retina in patients with diabetes.
Tractional retinoschisis and tractional retinal detachment are both complications of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. The two conditions are frequently confused because they are similar in diagnostic features. We determined the respective incidence of tractional retinoschisis and tractional retinal detachment in 200 eyes with tractional elevations of the retina in patients with diabetes. In 39 eyes, the diagnosis was unequivocally tractional retinoschisis because the retinal elevation maintained its concave contour despite the development of retinal holes. In 65 eyes, tractional retinal detachment was diagnosed with equal certainty, either because pigment lines were present or because the elevation, after a retinal hole developed, rapidly became convex and extended to the ora serrata. The remaining 96 eyes, in which retinal holes or pigment lines were absent, were classified by other features that had been tested for significance in the already diagnosed eyes. On that basis, the diagnosis was retinoschisis in 46 eyes and retinal detachment in 50 eyes.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
Mechanism of the natriuretic effect of unilateral carotid artery traction in the rat.
Unilateral traction on a carotid artery is known to activate the carotid baroreceptor reflex. This maneuver increases sodium excretion in a manner not completely dependent on the renal nerves, suggesting that a humoral factor(s) could be involved. We measured sodium excretion before and after unilateral carotid artery traction or sham traction in anesthetized rats and related the results to the plasma concentration of immunoreactive (IR)-gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone (gamma-MSH), a peptide known to be natriuretic in other circumstances. In 12 rats undergoing sham traction, sodium excretion did not change and plasma IR-gamma-MSH activity at the end of the experiment was 10.5 +/- 5.4 (SD) fmol/mL. Carotid artery fraction in 20 other rats caused a transient dip in mean arterial pressure of 20.1 +/- 13.2 mm Hg, and sodium excretion increased from 746 +/- 431 to 1,739 +/- 1,436 nEq/min (P less than 0.005). Plasma IR-gamma-MSH was increased to 21.1 +/- 7.1 fmol/mL (P less than 0.001 versus sham). Prior ipsilateral carotid sinus denervation markedly attenuated the carotid artery traction-related dip in blood pressure and prevented both the natriuresis and the increase in IR-gamma-MSH activity seen after this maneuver in intact rats. Pretreatment with anti-gamma-MSH antiserum also blocked the natriuretic response to carotid artery traction, despite a similar transient dip in blood pressure of 18.3 +/- 9.9 mm Hg. These observations suggest that activation of the carotid baroreceptor reflex by unilateral carotid artery traction causes natriuresis that is mediated largely by an increase in the plasma concentration of a peptide or peptides closely related to the gamma-MSH sequence.
Animals↗