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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2026

Acute Performance, Mechanical and Thermal Effects of Isometric Conditioning Versus Standardized Volleyball Pre-Training Activation in Highly Trained Male Players.

This study compared acute performance, neuromuscular, and thermal responses to a maximal isometric conditioning activity (ICA) versus a standardized volleyball pre-training activation (VPA) in highly trained male volleyball players, and to explore putative mechanisms underpinning post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) considering training load. In a randomized crossover, 14 men (27 ± 3 y) completed two sessions: VPA (mobility/plyometric drills; 9 min), and ICA comprising 3×5×3-s maximal isometric back-squat contractions (knee angle 120°; 3-min inter-set rest). Countermovement jump (CMJ) height (primary), relative peak power (PP), RSImod, and contraction time (CT) were recorded pre and 3, 6, 9, and 12 min post. Rectus femoris muscle viscoelastic properties and skin surface temperature (SST) were assessed at matched time points. Analyses used repeated-measures ANOVA, responder analysis, correlations, and regression. Period×Sequence interactions favored ICA for CMJ and PP when delivered in Period 2 (lower training volume): ∆CMJ was higher under ICA versus VPA (p = 0.005, d = 1.20); PP likewise greater (p = 0.026, ηp2 = 0.35). ICA yielded more beneficial responders than VPA (9/14 vs 1/14; McNemar exact p = 0.021). In Period 2, reductions in rectus femoris muscle stiffness independently predicted CMJ gains (β_std = -0.495, p = 0.005), whereas SST changes did not (p = 0.974). RSImod and CT showed no differences. A brief, high-effort isometric squat protocol was associated with superior acute improvements in jump performance compared with a standard volleyball warm-up, but this advantage emerged specifically when the preceding training volume was reduced (Period 2), suggesting that residual fatigue from training may reduce the effects of PAPE. Gains align with neuro-mechanical rather than thermal mechanisms, supporting ICA as a practical, equipment-minimal priming strategy for elite volleyball.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Cause-specific mortality of white-tailed deer as influenced by military training activities in southwestern Oklahoma.

Radio-telemetry was used to monitor movements and mortality of 56 white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in response to intensive military training activities on West Range (18,000 ha), Fort Sill Military Reservation, Oklahoma. Cause-specific mortality was determined for 22 radio-collared deer, including adults (greater than or equal to 2.0-yr-old), yearlings (0.6-1.9-yr-old), and fawns (less than or equal to 75-day-old age group) from 1987 to 1989. Winter home ranges were largely confined to a 14,411 ha impact area centrally located on West Range. The mean annual mortality rate was 0.50 for adults and yearlings combined. Fifty percent of all adult and yearling mortality was attributed to military training activities, 28% to hunting, 16% to collisions with automobiles, and 6% to unknown causes. The mean monthly mortality rate was 0.61 for neonatal fawns and predation accounted for three of four mortalities. All captured deer in the greater than or equal to 2.6-yr-old, 82% in the 1.6-yr-old, 10% in the 0.6-yr-old, and all deer in the less than 7-day-old age groups were seropositive for bluetongue virus (BTV). Our study strongly suggests that the consequences of military training activities should be considered in the management of white-tailed deer herds on military installations.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The psychologist in the community mental health center: an analysis of activities and training needs.

Professional activities and expressed needs for additional training were examined in the case of 211 psychologists employed in 51 community mental health centers in western United States. Two-thirds of the work week is taken up directly or indirectly with traditional clinical services, 19% with community mental health activities; and the balance in program development, administration, research, and program evaluation. In contrast to the common assertion linking psychologists and research activity, the current results indicate that psychologists in community mental health centers devote very little time to research or program evaluation. Expressed training needs parallel reported activity patterns - highest for clinical functions and moderately high for community mental health functions. The significant impact of the community mental health movement is seen in both the distribution of professional activities and in expressed needs for additional competence.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

beta-Glucuronidase activity in trained red and white skeletal muscle of mice.

We studied the effects of prolonged running exercise (5 days a week, 1.5 h per day at a speed of 17.6 m/min) on the activity of some acid hydrolases (beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, acid phosphatase and cathepsin D) and three enzymes of energy metabolism (cytochrome c oxidase, lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase) in the distal and in the proximal, the predominantly white and red parts, respectively, of the vastus lateralis-muscle from mice. The acid hydrolase activity levels were 1.24--1.69 higher in untrained red muscle compared to untrained white muscle. The light training applied increased the activity of beta-glucuronidase in both red and white muscle. No other significant training effects were observed in the enzyme activities measured.

Acetylglucosaminidase↗
PubMed1975

Bladder training: its role in evaluating the effect of an antispasticity drug on voiding in patients with neurogenic bladder.

Fourteen patients with spinal cord damage were treated with Ba-34647 (Lioresal, Ciba-Geigy), a new antispasticity drug. The treatment was initiated for excessive skeletal muscle spasticity and voiding difficulty. Seven of the patients had been wearing indwelling catheters and seven were catheter-free. The former were given trials at voiding after removal of catheters; the usual assistive methods common to most bladder training regimens were administered. Despite this, the trials were unsuccessful in reducing residual urine to acceptable levels. With addition of therapeutic doses of the drug without the training regimen, voiding trials were also unsuccessful excepting the response of one patient. The drug plus the training regimen was effective in reducing residual urine to acceptable levels in all patients. On discontinuing or decreasing the dosages of the drug, there was gradual but rapid build-up of residual urine despite the active training regimen. Restoration of effective dosage again led to satisfactory voiding function in all patients. The catheter-free group suffered from frequency, nocturia, and bed-wetting owing to excessive residual urine despite the employment of active training regimens. With addition of optimal dosages of Ba-34647, these problems were markedly reduced. They increased with drug discontinuation or dosage decrease and again improved upon restoration of effective doses. Bladder training, including active assistance to the expulsion of urine, is essential to the evaluation of antispasticity drugs for their effect on voiding.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The effect of retabolil and training on activity of RNA polymerase in skeletal muscles.

One hundred and twenty male albino rats weighing 180--200 g were used to determine the effect of anabolic steroid hormones on adaptive changes in the synthesis of ribosomal RNA both in sedentary animals and in animals involved in a training program. One injection of Retabolil (0.1 mg/100 g body weight) increased the alpha-amanitin insensitive RNA polymerase activity of nuclei from skeletal muscles. Fourteen h after this hormone injection the enzyme activity was 45% higher than in control animals and it remained at this level for 4 days. Under these conditions a selective binding of 19-nortestosterone with cytoplasmic proteins of skeletal muscle was found. Physical training increased the RNA polymerase activity by 50% (P less than 0.05). It was found that the testosterone binding capacity of a cytoplasmic extract from trained animals was 70% greater than that of the control animals (P less than 0.05). Four injections of Retabolil during training resulted in an additional increase of RNA polymerase activity of 40% (P less than 0.05) but reduced the testosterone binding capacity of the cytoplasmic proteins that occurred with training by 21%. The findings demonstrate the effect of anabolic hormones in the regulation of RNA synthesis in skeletal muscle nuclei in the process of their adaptation to systematic physical training.

Anabolic Agents↗
PubMed1992

[Serotonin-induced changes in the responses of electrically stimulated neuronal membrane of the mollusk].

Serotonin (5-HT) added to washing solution has been studied for its effect on plastic properties of electrically excitable membranes of the parietal ganglion and identified PPa2 neurons in the isolated nerve system of snails. It is shown that neurons habituated to intracellular stimulation are able to restore action potential generation in the presence of 5-HT. Contrary, neurons possessing endogenous rhythmic activity (PPa2) generate train activity on the background of appearance of the membrane potential slow waves under the influence of 5-HT. A comparative analysis of 5-HT and chemicals with the known effect on activity of Ca and Ca-dependent K-channels (quinine, CoCl2, CdCl2) has demonstrated diversity of mechanisms underlying the 5-HT-ergic regulation of plasticity of the neuronal electrically excitable membrane. This difference stems from the processes of activation and blockade of Ca-dependent channels.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1979

Establishing activity and training levels for patients with ischemic heart disease.

The paper presents guidelines for determining ideal training heart rates and recreational and occupational energy-cost levels for individual patients with ischemic heart disease. These guidelines were established by Karvonen, are based on results of progressive exercise testing, and have been applied to a broad spectrum of subjects in outpatient conditioning programs. How to apply these guidelines to establish beneficial and safe activity levels is illustrated with a fictional patient's medical history, progressive exercise test results, and recreational and occupational history and preferences.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1975

Effects of protein synthesis inhibition on memory for active avoidance training.

Inhibition of brain protein synthesis by anisomycin and acetoxycycloheximide was studied in mice for its biochemical and behavioral effects. By employing both drugs in low doses in a series of injections, we were able to maintain inhibition of protein synthesis of 80% or greater for up to 14 hr without causing detectable permanent physiological impairment. The drugs were employed as amnestic agents in mice trained to avoid footshock in a T-maze. As the duration of inhibition increased, the percentage of mice classed as amnesic increased. This amnesia could be reduced by increasing (a) the rate of acquisition, or (b) the number of training trials. Anisomycin was shown to cause a significant degree of amnesia for the escape component as well as the avoidance component of the learning. A single injection of anisomycin given 15 min prior to training did not cause significant changes in the acquisition or retention of avoidance conditioning, when comparison was made with saline-injected controls. Only additional injections given after training to prolong inhibition caused amnesia. Thus, those injections critical in obtaining amnesia were given at a time at which interference with acquisition could not have occurred, so the results bear clearly on memory processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

EMG feedback as a muscle reeducation technique: a controlled study.

In an effort to evaluate the efficacy and function of EMG feedback in muscle reeducation, improvement of the abductor function of the abductor hallucis muscle was studied under three training conditions involving 1) EMG feedback, 2) sensory stimulation or 3) equal time for unassisted practice; and a fourth, control condition involving testing without training. Active range of motion was measured before and after training to assess ability to use the muscle as an abductor. EMG activity was quantified for a 1-minute test contraction to evaluate ability to maintain and maximize a voluntary contraction of the target muscle. The results indicated that EMG feedback was highly effective when subjects had little initial use of the target muscle. EMG feedback improved the ability of these subjects to maintain and maximize voluntary muscle contractions, as demonstrated on the EMG measure. EMG feedback did not add to the learning situation when only a relatively brief, phasic contraction was required, as on the range-of-motion measure; similar gains were made with equivalent practive without EMG feedback. When subjects already had considerable use of the target muscle prior to training, EMG feedback may have actually interfered with training; in this case unassisted practice was more effective.

Biofeedback, Psychology↗
PubMed1992

Improving parent-child interactions for families of children with developmental disabilities.

Child Management Training (CMT) involves compliance training with a focus on consistent use of antecedents and consequences. Planned Activities Training (PAT) focuses on teaching parents to plan for and engage in activities with their children. A multiple probe design counterbalancing PAT and CMT showed that PAT and CMT were about equally effective in improving mother-child interactions in four families with children with developmental disabilities. Responses to a social validation questionnaire indicated that parents were satisfied with the services received, and that PAT was the slightly preferred treatment. Prior research demonstrated that PAT enhanced the results of CMT. The practical advantages of PAT over CMT are discussed.

Behavior Therapy↗