SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Treatment Outcome”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

Assessing the Concurrent Validity of the Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile in a Methamphetamine Dependent Treatment-Seeking Population.

INTRODUCTION: The Australian Treatment Outcomes Profile (ATOP) is a brief clinical tool assessing substance use, health and well-being used in Australian alcohol and other drug treatment services. It is validated for use with clients using alcohol, opioids and cannabis, but not yet for clients who primarily use methamphetamine. METHODS: An embedded validation study was undertaken in treatment-seeking adults enrolled in a randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial of lisdexamfetamine for methamphetamine dependence with sites in New South Wales, South Australia and Victoria. Participant demographics were collected during study screening. The ATOP and comparators (Time Line Follow Back, Opiate Treatment Index, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, WHOQOL-BREF and Personal Wellbeing Index) were collected at baseline. Continuous ATOP items were analysed using Pearson's correlation coefficient, and dichotomous items were analysed using Fleiss's κ. Agreement was rated as strong where measures were ≥ 0.50, moderate where agreement was 0.30-0.49, and weak where < 0.30. RESULTS: One hundred and eighteen study participants (2018-2020) had data for concurrent validity analysis. Strong validity was demonstrated for physical health, psychological health, quality of life, injecting drug use and crime items, and for days of use for amphetamines, alcohol, cannabis and cocaine. There was weak validity for days of use for benzodiazepines. Heroin use days and other opioid use days were endorsed by fewer than five participants and were therefore unable to be assessed. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The ATOP is valid for use in a treatment-seeking methamphetamine-dependent population, expanding the range of tools for assessment and standardised outcome monitoring across different settings and services.

Humans↗

PubMed1976

Children with encopresis: a study of treatment outcome.

A pediatric treatment program for encopresis was established in a large medical center. This consisted of counseling and education, initial bowel catharsis, a supportive maintenance program to potentiate optimum evacuation, retraining, and careful monitoring and follow-up. A group of 127 children received care for this problem. At the end of one year, outcome data were obtained on 110 patients. Of these, 51% had not had "accidents" for more than six months. Another 27% showed marked improvement and were having only rare episodes of incontinence. 14% of these children showed some improvement, but continued to have incontinence, while 8% showed no improvement whatsoever during the treatment year. These four outcome groups were compared with respect to a large number of demographic, developmental, psychosocial, and clinical variables.

Cathartics↗

PubMed1979

Source of referral as an indicator of motivational factors and treatment outcome with drug-dependent clients.

Source of referral to substance abuse treatment agencies was investigated as a potential indicator of client motivation and treatment outcome. Clients referred by nine different sources were compared in terms of length of stay in treatment, drug use status at termination, and closing evaluation. There were no differences between the nine referral sources in terms of the frequency with which clients were rated as improved, no improvement, or recovered. However, there were significant differences between referral sources and length of time in treatment. Clients referred by their families or those who had prior institutional experience remained in treatment longer than other groups. Length of stay in treatment was related to drug use status at termination. Clients who had detoxified remained in treatment significantly longer than clients who had not detoxified. It may be that a social support system (family) and experience in a structured setting (prior institutional experience) facilitate positive treatment outcomes.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Does impulsivity predict treatment outcomes in PTSD with borderline personality disorder features? Results from a randomized clinical trial.

BACKGROUND: Trauma-focused psychotherapies are first-line treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, a substantial proportion of clients do not respond adequately or drop out of therapy prematurely. This has sparked interest in identifying individual-level predictors of treatment outcomes, including improvement in PTSD severity and dropout. Impulsivity may be a predictor because it may interfere with key therapeutic processes, such as cognitive restructuring and emotional processing. Consequently, we present a hypothesis-driven secondary analysis of a 15-month randomized clinical trial comparing Dialectical Behavior Therapy for PTSD (DBT-PTSD) and Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) in women with childhood abuse-related PTSD and borderline personality disorder features to test whether impulsivity, assessed at baseline, predicts PTSD improvement and dropout. We further explore whether the dimensions of impulsivity (non-planning, attentional impulsivity, and motor impulsivity) differentially affect the outcomes in DBT-PTSD vs. CPT. METHODS: A total of 193 cis women with PTSD related to childhood abuse and borderline personality disorder features were assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS) and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-10). Separate probit models and general linear models were applied to predict dropout and pre-to-post changes in PTSD severity (ΔCAPS) from total impulsivity and subscale scores, i.e. non-planning, attentional and motor impulsivity. RESULTS: Overall, dropout rates were higher for participants with higher baseline impulsivity scores (p = 0.049), particularly for those with higher non-planning impulsivity (p = 0.012). In participants randomized to CPT improvement in PTSD symptom severity (ΔCAPS) was negatively related to baseline total impulsivity (p = 0.021). In participants randomized to DBT-PTSD this relation was not significant. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that impulsivity may predict treatment outcomes. Specifically, patients with elevated impulsivity may be less likely to respond adequately to CPT. If replicated, these findings have implications for personalization of treatment.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Predictability of treatment outcome in patients with myofascial pain-dysfunction (MPD) syndrome.

Responses to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) were used to develop a 29-item scale designed to predict the treatment outcome of 135 patients with Myofascial Pain-Dysfunction (MPD) Syndrome. The results suggested that a single scale to predict treatment outcome would be ineffective due to the absence of consistent personality differences in MPD patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Focus on the family as a factor in differential treatment outcome.

The prognostic relationship between prehospital living arrangements and treatment outcome was explored. Drug (N = 17) and alcohol (N = 19) patients who had lived with parents, wives, nonrelatives, or alone before voluntary admission to an inpatient substance abuse program were compared on changes in social dysfunctioning and symptomatology as a result of treatment. Ratings on each patient's level of dysfunctioning and symptomatology were made following intake into the program and within a 3-day period after receiving a regular discharge. While treatment had a positive effect on all groups, multivariate analysis of covariance showed a significant (P less than .009) differential rate of improvement between the pretreatment residential setting groups. Those who had lived alone or with nonrelatives prior to admission changed the most, becoming significantly less dysfunctional and symptomatic. Those coming from parental families changed the least improvement, while those who had lived with their spouses showed moderate improvement. Findings were consistent for both drug and alcohol patients. Results indicate that the type of home environment from which substance abusers come before engaging in treatment significantly influences their receptivity to rehabilitation. Findings suggest the need for assessment of the family environment and utilization of community resources as a means of enhancing adjustment.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

The mathematics of cleft lip and palate treatment evaluation: measuring the desirability of treatment outcomes.

A study was undertaken to investigate the applicability of utility theory to cleft lip and palate treatment decision making. Questionnaires were used to assess value judgements and attitudes toward risk from 119 individuals associated with seventeen cleft lip and palate treatment centers. Significant differences were found to exist between the values expressed by clinicians grouped according to their specialty or the facility to which they were affiliated. Fathers of cleft lip and palate children differed from cleft palate teams in their judgements regarding the relative values of speech and cosmetic treatment outcomes. No such differences were found between team members and mothers, however. It is suggested that these differences affect the desirability of treatment decisions and the outcomes that follow from them. Therefore, cleft lip and palate treatment planning and the evaluation of alternative therapeutic interventions might be based on a mathematical theory of decision making that explicitly incorporates the subjective assessment of a child's habilitative needs and the goals of the habilitative process.

Cleft Lip↗

PubMed1979

Cognitive impairment and treatment outcome with alcoholics: preliminary findings.

The relationship of cognitive impairment to treatment outcome in a sample of male alcoholics (N = 30) was explored. The Brain-Age Quotient (BAQ), an index of problem solving and adaptive abilities based on a battery of neuropsychological tests, was used as the summary measure of cognitive impairment. High BAQ scores were found to be more highly related to clinical ratings of patients' level of functioning on the treatment ward, to the successful completion of inpatient treatment, and to fewer relapses, longer abstinence periods, and lower rates of alcohol consumption at a 1 year follow-up than were lower BAQ scores. The implications of these findings with regard to appropriate treatment planning are discussed.

Alcoholism↗

PubMed1979

Drug treatment outcomes: is sex a factor?

A small random sample of data from the National CODAP system is used to determine and explain differences in treatment outcomes for men and women. Only small percentage differences, discerned through examination of categorical relationships between males and females, are found to exist. The authors conclude that this finding may suggest more positive outcomes for women in treatment since women experience more social prejudices than their male counterparts, and encounter greater barriers in completing treatment.

Education↗

PubMed1977

Comparison of the effect of high and low doses of methadone on treatment outcome.

The results of a 2-year-study of the relationship between methadone dosage and treatment outcome are reported. For discharged patients, higher doses of methadone were significantly related to successful treatment and lower doses to treatment failure. Based on these findings and the review of literature as well as the senior author's clinical experience, a theoretical formulation is offered to provide a rationale for methadone maintenance treatment. The tenability of the formulation is readily testable by clinical research.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Assessing treatment outcome. I. Adjustment in the community.

In recent years, the re-examination of treatment outcome has substantially advanced the sophistication with which the issues involved have been conceptualized. This study is directed toward the empirical elaboration of four of these issues as they relate to adjustment in the community. They may be stated briefly as the extent to which a) a common outcome pattern exists across different dimensions of adjustment; b) the vantage point of the observer influences adjustment ratings; c) judgments of overall improvement encompass the major dimensions of adjustment; and d) judgments of overall improvement represent changes in adjustment levels. With regard to the first issue, the data indicate that each major dimension of adjustment has a somewhat different pattern over time. Secondly, a substantial consensus exists between patients and their significant others concerning patients' adjustment relative to the adjustment of other patients as described by them and their significant others, although not in terms of the actual magnitude of their adjustment. Third, global improvement ratings are related to two dimensions of adjustment primarily (symptomatology and social involvement), and they are virtually unrelated to other major dimensions. Finally, global improvement ratings are highly reflective of the current level of adjustment. The relevance of these findings to outcome assessment is discussed and some suggestions are offered.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Treatment outcome for alcoholics as a function of therapeutic effort.

The association between therapeutic effort measured in terms of reimbursements for services and several treatment outcome variables was examined. A sample of clients regarded as definitely alcoholic was grouped into five categories according to the amount of money reimbursed for treatment in a fee-for-service arrangement. A systematic positive relationship was found between the amount of treatment measured in dollars and therapeutic outcome measured by remission rate and income. The data suggest that there may be an optimal cutoff for resource investment, above which no further treatment gains are achieved. Such information can provide a basis for program management decisions and suggests important implications for assumptions regarding alcoholism.

Adult↗

PubMed2026

Genomic Profiling, Risk Stratification, and Post-Transformation Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Transformed Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Transformed small-cell lung cancer (T-SCLC) is an increasingly recognized resistance mechanism in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma. This study aimed to identify early predictors of histologic transformation and evaluate post-transformation treatment outcomes. METHODS: We retrospectively collected 163 T-SCLC patients from five Chinese centers. Next-generation sequencing was performed on 60 EGFR-mutant patients, including 47 paired primary-transformed samples. Integrated genomic and clinical analyses were conducted to delineate molecular features and survival outcomes. RESULTS: Among 150 EGFR-mutant patients, the median time to SCLC transformation was 25.8 months and median post-transformation overall survival (OS) was 14.2 months. Clinical and survival data for the 13 EGFR wild-type patients are reported descriptively given the limited sample size. Among 108 treatment-evaluable patients, first-line EGFR-TKI plus chemotherapy, chemotherapy alone, and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) plus chemotherapy yielded median progression-free survival (PFS) of 6.2, 5.30, and 4.07 months (P = 0.041) and median OS of 21.2, 27.6, and 13.6 months (P = 0.193). In later-line therapy, taxane-based regimens achieved a median PFS of 6.93 months, outperforming camptothecin-based (1.13 months) and other regimens (1.90 months; P = 0.049). High evolutionary diversity was associated with shorter post-transformation OS (6.77 vs. 11.10 months), with restricted cubic spline analysis showing a nonsignificant trend toward a nonlinear association (P = 0.055).Age, RB1/NTRK1 mutation, and secondary T790M mutation were identified as independent risk factors and integrated into a predictive model with high accuracy. CONCLUSIONS: This study establishes a clinically applicable model for early prediction and risk stratification of SCLC transformation. Taxane-based regimens emerge as a promising later-line therapeutic option for T-SCLC.

Humans↗

PubMed2026

Executive function in alcohol use disorder with low psychiatric comorbidity: Comparison with a non-clinical sample and predictive value for treatment outcome.

BACKGROUND: Executive functions (EF) encompass abilities such as planning, decision-making, and inhibitory control, critical for learning, establishing and maintaining behavioral change. The association between alcohol use disorder (AUD) and impairments in EF are well established. However, prior research is dominated by studies on convenience samples including individuals with severe AUD with high levels of psychiatric comorbidity, which limits generalizability. The present study therefore aimed to investigate the degree of impairment and predictive ability of EF, on alcohol consumption, among individuals with moderate AUD with low levels of psychiatric comorbidity. METHODS: Adults with moderate AUD (n = 147) were recruited at three specialized addiction outpatient clinics in Stockholm, to a randomized controlled trial investigating the efficacy of two psychological treatments. Participants underwent neuropsychological testing before treatment. Eight tests from the CANTAB® battery were administered at baseline, assessing mental flexibility, sustained attention, visuospatial working memory, response inhibition, and delay discounting. Assessments of alcohol use and related symptoms were conducted at baseline, the 12- and 26-weeks follow-up. A non-clinical reference sample (n = 72) completed corresponding CANTAB® tests. The two groups were compared regarding EF using descriptive statistics and t-tests, and the predictive value of EF for reduction in alcohol consumption, was investigated using multiple regression models. RESULTS: Individuals with AUD did not perform worse on any of the tests on executive function (CANTAB®) as compared to the non-clinical reference sample. Measures of EF were not significant predictors for reduction in alcohol use for the 12-week, or the 26-week follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: EFs were not impaired and were not a clinically relevant predictor of treatment outcomes in this population with AUD. Future research on EF as a predictor in AUD treatment, needs to corroborate the present findings, and include other populations, e.g., with different socio-economic backgrounds and by including other methodologies for measuring EF.

Humans↗

PubMed1979

Patients' comments on psychiatric inpatient treatment experiences: patient-therapist relationships and their implications for treatment outcome.

Only few researchers pay systematic attention to what patients may have to say about their treatment experience during psychiatric hospitalization. This study not only delineates the various therapeutic aspects of an open psychiatric inpatient unit based on the patients' comments, but also attempts to correlate the data with the objective outcome of treatment rated clinically by the therapists and independently by the author. Positive patient-therapist relationship has been found to be the most significant factor correlated closely with the treatment outcome. The correlation may support the relevance of the patients' comments regarding subjectively perceived therapeutic benefits vs. objective actual benefits.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1977

Locus of control in alcoholics and treatment outcome.

Belief in external control by chance, rather than control by powerful others or internal control, appears to be associated with unfavorable treatment outcome in male alcoholics receiving inpatient and outpatient therapy.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Systems of care and treatment outcomes for alcoholic patients.

All admissions to the Singer Mental Health Center, Rockford, Ill, with a diagnosis of alcoholism in a one-year period (N = 466) were randomly assigned to one of two inpatient programs. One program, "intensive incare," had a high staff-patient ratio with the operating assumption that intensive staff-patient interaction is significant in patient outcome. The other, "peer-oriented incare," was of low staff density with the assumption that patient-patient interaction is critical in rehabilitation. In addition, the patients resided in communities with outpatient services classified as either "network" (an organized set of community services) or "no-network" (no special funding or deliberate outreach effort). Thus, each patient could be treated in one of four systems of care. Data on treatment outcomes were collected via semistructured interviews at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months after admission. The "peer-oriented incare" system showed superiority to the "intensive incare" treatment approach in improved drinking behavior. There were no other significant differences among the four systems on the outcome criteria for alcoholic patients. Along with other recent studies, these findings have implications for policy planning, particularly with today's emphasis on cost effectiveness.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Therapist personality and treatment outcome: a test of the interaction hypothesis using the Campbell A-B scale.

The A-B scale was developed to distinguish therapists with a high rate of therapeutic improvement with schizophrenic patients from those with a low rate. The present study tests the hypothesis, developed by Whitehorn and Betz, expanded by McNair and Lorr, of an interaction between a therapist factor, i.e. the A-B score (identified in this study by the Campbell et al. revision of the Whitehorn and Betz A-B scale), patient diagnosis, and treatment outcome. An automated data system identified all of the adult patients treated by 42 therapists during their training at a psychiatric center containing inpatient and outpatient facilities. The patient group was broken down according to diagnosis and whether or not psychotropic drugs were a major treatment modality. Using a linear logistic regression model, the slope of the line specifying log odds of improvement in relation to therapist A-B was found to be significantly different for schizophrenics and neurotics treated without drugs. (No relationship to A-B was found for drug-treated patients.) For those therapists who had treated both neurotic and schizophrenic patients (N = 19) without drugs, A-B was found to be significantly associated (p = .075) with a measure of dependence between patient type and outcome. These two findings were consistent with the hypothesized relationship between the A-B dimension, patient diagnosis, and case outcome.

Adult↗