SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Trichlormethiazide”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1991

Chronopharmacology of trichlormethiazide in rats; (II). Examination in aged rats.

We have previously demonstrated a time-dependent variability in the diuretic effects of trichlormethiazide, a thiazide diuretic agent, in young rats. The study suggested that the time-dependent variations in urinary trichlormethiazide and susceptibility of renal tissues to the agent might be involved in this phenomenon. The present study was undertaken to test a hypothesis that such a daily variation in the effects of trichlormethiazide is blunted by age. Trichlormethiazide (0.5 and 2.0 mg/kg) was given orally at 1200 hrs (day trial) or at 2400 hrs (night trial) in young (10-11 week old) and aged (23-24 month old) Wistar rats. Urine was collected for 8 hours after the agent and urinary excretions of sodium, chloride and trichlormethiazide were determined. Urine volume and urinary excretions of sodium, chloride and trichlormethiazide following the agent were significantly greater at 1200 hrs than at 2400 hrs in the young rats. However these administration time-dependent changes in the effects of trichlormethiazide and its urinary amount diminished in the aged rats. In the day and night trials, there were significant correlations between urinary trichlormethiazide and its effects (urine volume, urinary sodium and chloride) in both groups of rats. The regression lines in each parameter of two trials differed in the young, but not in the aged group of rats. These data indicate that the mode of the time-dependent changes in the effects of trichlormethiazide is altered in aged Wistar rats. Dampening of the time-dependent variations in urinary trichlormethiazide and susceptibility to the agent might be involved in these chronopharmacological alterations in aged rats.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1988

[Effects of chronic oral administration of ketanserin and trichlormethiazide on blood pressure in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats].

The present study was undertaken to elucidate the effects of ketanserin and trichlormethiazide on blood pressure in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Oral ketanserin and trichlormethiazide were administered to separate groups for 4 weeks. Combined ketanserin and trichlormethiazide was also administered and the effects observed. 1) In both ketanserin and trichlormethiazide administered groups, significant antihypertensive actions were observed as compared with the non-treated SHRSP. 2) In the ketanserin administered group, a significant increase in water drinking activity was observed, accompanied with an increased urinary volume. 3) In the trichlormethiazide administered group, urinary sodium excretion decreased significantly, accompanied with an increased urinary norepinephrine excretion. 4) Combined administration of ketanserin and trichlormethiazide enhanced the decreases in blood pressure which were produced by single administration of either ketanserin or trichlormethiazide. Moreover, both the increasing tendency in the urinary sodium excretion and the decreasing tendency in the urinary norepinephrine excretion occurred after the combined administration in SHRSP. These findings suggest that ketanserin produces an antihypertensive effect and may act prophylactically for thiazide-induced renal impairment in SHRSP.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1991

Chronotherapy of trichlormethiazide in hypertensive patients.

Circadian influence of trichlormethiazide on serum electrolyte levels, lipid levels, and glucose levels were evaluated in 12 hypertensive patients. One tablet of trichlormethiazide (2 mg) was given once a day at 7:00 AM or 7:00 PM for 8 weeks. The study was done by a crossover design. Twenty-four-hour urine was collected, and fasting blood samples were obtained during the control period and at the end of each treatment period. The 24-hour urine level increased slightly after treatment with trichlormethiazide in the morning and evening trials. Urinary excretion of sodium also increased slightly in the morning trial and increased significantly in the evening trial. Serum concentrations of potassium and chloride decreased, and serum uric acid level increased after trichlor-methiazide treatment. No significant difference was observed in these parameters between morning and evening trials. Fasting blood glucose levels increased after trichlormethiazide treatment. The increment in blood glucose levels was greater in the evening trial than in the morning trial. These data indicate that the influence of trichlormethiazide on glucose tolerance might vary with its administration time.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Crossover trial comparison of enalapril maleate and trichlormethiazide in the treatment of essential hypertension: emphasis on the quality of life.

Enalapril and trichlormethiazide were compared with respect to effects on the quality of life in a crossover study of 36 patients with hypertension. Multiple-choice 34-item questionnaires with three possible answers (severe, mild and none) per question were used to assess symptoms and mood. Twenty patients were initially given enalapril and 16 were initially given trichlormethiazide. There was no significant difference in the antihypertensive efficacy of the 2 drugs. Treatment with enalapril resulted in significant improvement in 11 of the 34 items, and a tendency for another 4 items to improve. Treatment with trichlormethiazide resulted in significant improvement in only 5 items and a tendency to improve in 2. When enalapril and trichlormethiazide were compared, significantly greater improvement in 2 items and a tendency toward greater improvement in 4 items was seen with enalapril treatment. Thus, enalapril was found to be more efficacious than trichlormethiazide with respect to quality of life in patients with hypertension.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

Arterial function after trichlormethiazide therapy in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Inasmuch as the long-term influences of diuretic therapy on arterial function remain largely unknown, the effects of trichlormethiazide (8 mg kg-1 day-1) on vascular responses were studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. The 14-week treatment attenuated the increase in blood pressure by approximately 20 mm Hg in SHR, but did not affect blood pressure in WKY rats. Responses of mesenteric arterial rings in vitro were examined at the end of the study. Endothelium-dependent relaxation induced by acetylcholine was more pronounced in normotensive than in hypertensive rats and was improved by trichlormethiazide in SHR, whereas endothelium-independent relaxation to the nitric oxide donor 3-morpholinosynonimine was comparable in all study groups. Arterial relaxation to isoproterenol also was attenuated in SHR when compared with WKY rats, and remained unaffected by trichlormethiazide in both strains. Relaxation responses induced by return of K+ to the organ bath upon precontractions elicited by K(+)-free solution were used to evaluate the function of vascular smooth muscle Na+,K(+)-adenosine 5'-triphosphatase. The maximal rate of K+ relaxation was fastest in the normotensive groups, but also was clearly faster in trichlormethiazide-treated SHR when compared with untreated SHR. Furthermore, arterial contractile force generation to KCl and norepinephrine, and vascular calcium sensitivity during stimulation with these agonists, were not affected by trichlormethiazide in either strain. The ability of arterial smooth muscle to sequester calcium was evaluated by means of caffeine- and norepinephrine-induced contractions after loading periods in different organ bath calcium concentrations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗

PubMed1999

Effect of antihypertensive therapy on aortic distensibility in patients with essential hypertension: comparison with trichlormethiazide, nicardipine and alacepril.

To assess the effect of antihypertensive drugs on aortic distensibility, we evaluated the aortic distensibility of 33 hypertensive patients before and after antihypertensive treatment by using cine magnetic resonance imaging. Thirty three hypertensive patients were divided into three groups and treated for 12 weeks with 2-4 mg trichlormethiazide per day (n = 10), 80 mg nicardipine per day (n = 13) and 50 mg alacepril per day (n = 10). There were no significant differences in mean age and mean blood pressure among the three groups. Cine magnetic resonance was performed at ascending and descending aortic levels. Aortic area was measured at the maximum and minimum frames. The effect of antihypertensive therapy on aortic distensibility was evaluated as the percent change from before treatment to after treatment. There were no significant differences in pulse pressure before and after treatment with trichlormethiazide, nicardipine and alacepril. After treatment with these drugs, mean blood pressure in all groups decreased (trichlormethiazide and nicardipine, P < .01; alacepril, P < .05), (the maximum area--the minimum area) and aortic distensibility in all groups increased significantly (each P < .01). Percent changes in aortic distensibility after treatment were significantly higher with nicardipine (ascending, 346.6 +/- 255.9%; descending, 338.8 +/- 246.5%, each P < .05) and alacepril (ascending, 369.7 +/- 238.8%, P < .05; descending, 306.9 +/- 123.3%, P < .01) than with trichlormethiazide (ascending, 146.0 +/- 139.6%; descending, 129.3 +/- 97.5%). In conclusion, nicardipine and alacepril have a beneficial effect on aortic distensibility.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1991

Chronopharmacology of trichlormethiazide in rats.

Trichlormethiazide was given orally at 1200 hrs or 2400 hrs to rats. Its diuretic effects were greater at 1200 hrs than at 2400 hrs. There were significant correlations between urinary trichlormethiazide and its effects in both trials. The regression lines of two trials did differ. These findings indicate that the effects of trichlormethiazide vary with its administration time. Time-dependent variations in urinary trichlormethiazide and susceptibility to the agent might be involved in this phenomenon.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1989

Trichlormethiazide and oral phosphate therapy in patients with absorptive hypercalciuria.

In a short-term prospective study 36 patients with absorptive hypercalciuria were initially treated with diet alone followed by either trichlormethiazide (4 mg. per day) or oral neutral phosphate (1,500 mg. of elemental phosphorus per day) for 6 weeks. Study subjects were then crossed over to the second drug for an additional 6 weeks. In response to dietary treatment urinary calcium decreased from a pre-treatment value of 346 +/- 63 mg. per 24 hours to 308 +/- 90 mg. per 24 hours. Oral phosphate therapy caused a further decrease in urinary calcium to 218 +/- 85 mg. per 24 hours, an over-all decrease of 37 per cent. Parathyroid function did not change significantly with phosphate administration but circulating levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D decreased by 22 per cent (73 +/- 12 to 57 +/- 16 pg. per ml., p less than 0.001). Pre-treatment renal phosphate threshold did not correlate with the response to oral phosphate administration. Trichlormethiazide treatment led to a 34 per cent decrease in urinary calcium with a mean value on treatment of 228 +/- 80 mg. per 24 hours. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D levels decreased by 10 per cent. Pre-treatment fasting calcium excretion, parathyroid function and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D levels did not correlate with the response to trichlormethiazide. We conclude that both drugs by pharmacological means improve the biochemical abnormalities in absorptive hypercalciuria and should be efficacious in its treatment.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Comparison of effects of nicardipine and trichlormethiazide on insulin sensitivity in hypertensive patients.

We performed a randomized, crossover study comparing the effects of nicardipine and trichlormethiazide on insulin sensitivity in 8 untreated essential hypertensive patients. They were treated either with nicardipine or trichlormethiazide for 12 weeks, after which they were treated with the alternative drug for a further 12 weeks. Insulin sensitivity was determined by the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp technique. Nicardipine had no adverse effect on insulin sensitivity. Trichlormethiazide decreased insulin sensitivity index by 12%. As nicardipine does not have an adverse effect on insulin sensitivity, it should be preferred in patients who have a proven metabolic abnormality.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Hypotensive and uric acid-retaining effects of trichlormethiazide under dietary sodium restriction in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

In order to evaluate both the hypotensive and uric acid-retaining effects of thiazide diuretics in an animal model with hypertension, the effects of trichlormethiazide were studied using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) under dietary sodium restriction. Trichlormethiazide was dosed daily for two weeks at 0.05, 0.5, 3 and 10 mg/kg, p.o. All doses caused obvious natriuresis, while an increase of urine volume was observed only at 3 and 10 mg/kg. The hypotensive effect, which was estimated at day 6 and 13, was recognized at doses of more than 0.5 mg/kg. At the end of the dosing, the hematocrit value of all medicated groups rose, and both the uric acid excretory capacity, estimated by the clearance values of inulin and uric acid, and the plasma potassium level clearly decreased at 3 and 10 mg/kg. A detailed study using a dose of 3 mg/kg showed shifts of the cumulative sodium and potassium balances to negative directions against the control group. Thus, trichlormethiazide-treated SHR under dietary sodium restriction showed both a hypotensive effect which might be due to the natriuresis and a tendency toward undesirable side effects such as hypokalemia and hyperuricemia. As there is no practical method in animal studies for simultaneously proving hypotensive and uric acid-retaining effects of diuretic antihypertensives, the findings of the present study might aid in the evaluation of diuretics more useful than the thiazides.

Animals↗

PubMed1991

Chronopharmacology of trichlormethiazide in rats: (III). Influence on serum triglyceride and glucose.

Trichlormethiazide was given orally to rats at 10 a.m. or 10 p.m. for 14 days. The diuretic effects of the agent at 10 a.m. were greater than those at 10 p.m. on day 14. Serum concentrations of triglyceride and glucose increased in both trials. The increments in these parameters were enhanced following trichlormethiazide at 10 a.m. These data indicate that the diuretic effects of trichlormethiazide and its untoward influences on serum metabolic parameters might vary with the administration time during a repeated therapy.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Effect of trichlormethiazide and captopril on nitric oxide synthase activity in the kidney of deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt hypertensive rats.

Nitric oxide (NO) production is reduced in patients with essential hypertension and in some experimental models. We have investigated the effect of trichlormethiazide and captopril on NO synthase (NOS) activity and glomerular damage in the kidney of deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rats. DOCA-salt rats were induced with weekly injections of DOCA (30 mg/kg body weight (BW) and 1% saline in drinking water after right nephrectomy. As antihypertensive therapies, CAP (captopril, 40 mg/kg BW) and TCM (trichlormethiazide, 10 mg/kg BW) were given after induction of DOCA-salt hypertension. The increased blood pressure was significantly lowered by TCM, but not by CAP after 5 weeks. Nitrite production in kidney slices was suppressed in DOCA-salt rats, and immunoreactivity for both brain-type NOS (B-NOS) in macula densa and endothelial-type NOS (EC-NOS) in renal vessels was decreased. TCM significantly increased the nitrite production in the kidney slices and B-NOS immunoreactivity, whereas these changes were less in CAP. Glomerulosclerosis score was significantly higher in DOCA-salt rats, and TCM ameliorated renal damage more effectively than CAP. These results indicate that the reduced nitrite production in the kidney of DOCA-salt hypertensive rats was increased more effectively by trichlormethiazide than by captopril, via increased immunoreactivity for B-NOS in the macula densa, and prevented renal damage.

Animals↗

PubMed1992

Effects of lisinopril and low-dose trichlormethiazide on lipoprotein metabolism in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.

Fifty-six hypertensive patients were recruited to participate in a 12 week, randomised, multicentre trial to compare the effects of lisinopril (n = 31) and low-dose trichlormethiazide (n = 25) administration on blood pressure and lipoprotein metabolism. Both systolic and diastolic BPs decreased significantly after administration of lisinopril (5-40mg/day, mean dose 11 mg/day) and trichlormethiazide (2.0-4.0 mg/day, mean dose 2.2 mg/day). There were no significant changes in lipids, lipoproteins or apolipoproteins with either drug for 12 weeks and no significant differences between the two drugs for these parameters. It is concluded that lisinopril and low-dose trichlormethiazide administration are effective antihypertensive measures without any adverse effects after 12 weeks on lipoprotein metabolism in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Antihypertensive effects of a novel calcium antagonist, semotiadil fumarate (SD-3211), alone and in combination with enalapril or trichlormethiazide in spontaneously hypertensive rats.

Semotiadil fumarate, a novel benzothiazine calcium antagonist, was given alone or in combination with either enalapril or trichlormethiazide to conscious, spontaneously hypertensive, rats daily for 2 weeks. Systolic blood pressure and heart rate were recorded 24 h before the start of the regimen and then every 2 and 24 h after the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 10th and 14th doses. When given alone, the antihypertensive effects of semotiadil (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and enalapril (5 mg/kg, p.o.) first became apparent after the 3rd dose and thereafter the effects appeared to develop daily although this effect had waned by the time of the next dose. When given in combination, however, these drugs appeared to potentiate each other and after the 7th dose, the antihypertensive effect persisted. Trichlormethiazide (30 mg/kg, p.o.) alone failed to exert any significant antihypertensive effect and in combination was not always additive to that of semotiadil. In contrast to the effect on blood pressure, the heart rate remained resistant to all these drugs. These results indicate that combined daily dosing of semotiadil, especially with enalapril, each at relatively low doses may be able to control hypertension in a continuous manner.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1989

[Action of trichlormethiazide and amiloride on cellular Na+, K+ and Mg+ concentrations].

While diuretic-induced changes of plasma electrolyte concentrations have often been described, comparatively few data exist on intracellular electrolyte concentrations under diuretic treatment. Therefore, we studied the effect on intracellular Mg2+, Na+ and K+ concentrations of a thiazide diuretic (trichlormethiazide 4 mg/d) in red blood cells of 14 patients with mild essential hypertension, and of a combination of a thiazide diuretic and a potassium-sparing diuretic (trichlormethiazide and amiloride 2 mg/d each) in red blood cells of 11 patients with mild essential hypertension. Measurements were performed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and flame photometry before starting treatment and after 4 and 8-12 weeks' diuretic treatment. There was no significant change in intracellular Na+ and K+ concentrations under either form of diuretic treatment. Intracellular Mg2+ concentrations decreased significantly under thiazide therapy, whereas there was a significant increase in intracellular Mg+ concentrations under thiazide and potassium-sparing combined diuretic therapy. The results show that the combination of a thiazide diuretic and a potassium-sparing diuretic is a useful means to avoid intracellular Mg2+ loss.

Amiloride↗

PubMed1963

Clinical experience with an oral diuretic, trichlormethiazide.

The main objective of this study was to observe the long-term effects of the administration of trichlormethiazide on the urine and blood. Fourteen patients suffering from essential hypertension or edema requiring diuretic therapy were treated for periods of one to 12 months (mean 5.4 months). There were no significant changes in urine values, blood counts, or serum sodium or potassium levels. Additional nitrogen retention occurred in two patients with renal failure, but no significant changes in blood urea nitrogen occurred in the remainder. Serum uric acid levels were lower at the end of treatment than before. The blood pressure fell in nine patients. No toxic effects were observed.

Aged↗

PubMed1985

Effects of magnesium oxide on trichlormethiazide bioavailability.

The effect of an antacid, magnesium oxide (MgO), on the bioavailability of a thiazide diuretic, trichlormethiazide, was studied in 10 healthy subjects who fasted overnight. A single oral dose of 4 mg of 1 alone or in combination with 0.5 g of MgO was given in a two-way Latin-square crossover design. Urine concentrations of 1 during the 24 h after each dose were determined by an HPLC method. There were no significant differences for drug alone versus drug with MgO in the mean percentage recovery (60 versus 62%) and the cumulative amount excreted unchanged in urine over 24 h (2408 versus 2463 micrograms). However, coadministration of MgO increased the mean excretion rate of 1 at 0.75 h and 1.5 h (p less than 0.05), the cumulative amount excreted unchanged in urine over 2 h (p less than 0.05), and the absorption rate constant (p less than 0.05). Therefore, the extent of bioavailability was not influenced by MgO, but the rate of absorption was enhanced. The solubility of 1 increased remarkably by changing from pH 1.2 to 8.0 (141 to 1365 micrograms/mL). The dissolution rate of 4 mg of 1 in 500 mL of medium was not affected by an increase in pH. However, a 1.5-fold increase of the dissolution rate in 20 mL of medium was observed by changing from pH 1.2 to 7.3.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1981

The pharmacokinetics of trichlormethiazide in hypertensive patients with normal and compromised renal function.

The pharmacokinetics of trichlormethiazide (TCZ) was studied in twelve patients after a single 4 mg dose. Seven patients had normal renal function with creatinine clearance greater than 90 ml/min. Five patients had compromised renal function with creatinine clearances averaging 48 +/- 29 ml/min. The TCZ plasma half life and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were significantly greater in patients with impaired function, compared to patients with normal renal function. There were no significant differences between the two patient groups in terms of either rate of drug absorption or total urinary recovery of unchanged drug. Furthermore, there was no correlation between peak drug levels or AUC and renal excretion of water or electrolytes.

Female↗