PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Trochlear Nerve Injuries”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Management of cranial nerves I through VII following skull base surgery.

Cranial nerve injuries are common with skull base surgery. While injuries to the seventh and tenth cranial nerves can be corrected to satisfactory degrees, rehabilitation of the third, fourth, and sixth nerves is possible to only a limited degree. This study stresses the management of facial paralysis following skull base surgery and is based upon the author's experiences in dealing with 38 patients who suffered such a facial paralysis. The best results of rehabilitative surgical treatment were achieved with techniques that connect the central stump to the peripheral system. The time between nerve injury and repair was the most significant determinant of the success of the surgical procedure: when the nerve was repaired within three months of the injury, the best results were obtained; when the central stump was not available or the injury was more than two years old, repair was not as satisfactory. In the latter case the procedure of choice was the 12th-7th nerve hookup. Indications and results of facial nerve grafting, cross faciofacial nerve hookups, muscle swings, free muscle implantations, and eye reanimation techniques are discussed.

Abducens Nerve Injury↗
PubMed1995

[Principles and results of treatment in acquired paralysis of III, IV and VI nerves].

Between 1979-1994 120 patients with acquired paralysis of cranial nerves of ocular muscles were treated: 33 cases with paralysis of oculomotor nerve, 43 cases with paralysis of trochlear nerve, 44 cases with paralysis of abducens nerve. The majority of our patients were males (84-70.0%) aged 21-40 years (65-54.2%). The paralysis was most frequently caused by traffic accidents (45 cases--37.5%) and assaults (26 cases--21.7%). The most common symptom of paralysis was diplopia (109 patients--90.8%). Only 12 persons (10.0%) were admitted during the first month of paralysis and visual disorders caused by it. In our group 18 patients (15.0%) were treated conservatively. Sixteen patients (13.3%) were given injections of botulin toxin A into the eye muscles. Surgical treatment, usually of several ocular muscles, was performed in 83 cases (67.5%) when diplopia was not reduced after 6-12 months. The method of surgery and results are presented.

Abducens Nerve Injury↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Magnetic resonance imaging of the superior oblique muscle in superior oblique myokymia.

High resolution, magnetic resonance imaging was used to quantitatively study the morphometry of the superior oblique muscles of two patients with superior oblique myokymia, as well as 18 superior oblique muscles of 14 patients with normal superior oblique function. The cross sectional area of each superior oblique muscle was measured at 3-millimeter intervals along the entire muscle length. In both cases of myokymia, the affected superior oblique muscles were significantly smaller than normal (P < .05). These anatomical changes in the superior oblique muscle of patients with myokymia suggest that an antecedent injury to the trochlear nerve has occurred. This injury, even if clinically unapparent, may be the initial event which leads to subsequent development of superior oblique myokymia.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Traumatic lesions of the optic, oculomotor, trochlear, and abducens nerves--computer tomographic findings.

Traumatic lesions of the oculomotor and optic nerves are usually associated with multiple injuries which pose difficulties for radiological examination. In 54 patients with functional disturbances of the optic, oculomotor, trochlear, or abducens nerve following severe multiple injuries, the initial computer tomographic examination was unable to document conclusively direct nerve damage. Indirect signs of nerve damage in the form of orbital and midface fractures were often found in the presence of optic and oculomotor nerve impairments, but seldom in the case of abducens nerve deficits. The causes of trochlear pareses could not be established. Thus, CT can only provide indirect evidence of injuries to the optic and oculomotor nerves. The nerve damage itself can only be demonstrated in a target examination made after the patient's condition has stabilized.

Abducens Nerve↗
PubMed1984

The injury response of nerve fibres in the anterior medullary velum of the adult rat.

The injury response of myelinated central nervous system (CNS) axons was documented in the anterior medullary velum (AMV) of the adult rat. Study of silver-stained AMV whole-mounts revealed sprouting of injured axons as early as 14 h post-lesion (hpl), with a complex network of fibres formed by 48 hpl. Signs of fibre degeneration were also apparent from 48 hpl, increasing in extent until 15 days post-lesion (dpl). Fragmentation was largely confined to specific fibre bundles, constituted by the distal portions of severed axons. Although some degeneration of regenerated axons was evident from 15-20 dpl, many remained intact beyond this time, particularly in the area adjacent to the exit of the trochlear nerve, where most regenerated fibres penetrated the ipsilateral trochlear nerve. Counts of HRP filled neurons in the trochlear nucleus after injection of the superior oblique muscle showed that axons entering the IVth nerve rootlet were exclusively ipsilateral trochlear fibres. Less than 50% regenerated; most other severed axons degenerated. The few axons remaining in the AMV may have been fibres, undamaged by the original lesion, which normally course longitudinally through the ipsilateral AMV. These results show that IVth nerve fibres preferentially enter IVth nerve rootlets and, in so doing, survive the effects of injury. Most other CNS axons in the AMV which do not enter the trochlear root probably degenerate.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hypertropia following trochlear trauma.

Hypertropia following trauma to the trochlea is rare. The more widely recognized response of the trochlea to trauma is hypotropia or acquired Brown syndrome. We observed three cases of hypertropia following penetrating trauma to the trochlea. Each had computerized tomography and/or magnetic resonance imaging to assist in the understanding of the mechanism of the observed superior oblique dysfunction. The clinical course of these cases was variable. Awareness of the damaged trochlea's capacity to respond as a hypertropic as well as a hypotropic syndrome will allow for improved management of these unusual patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1982

[Catalog of direct eye muscle injuries].

Eye muscle injuries may occur in isolation or concomitantly with orbital fractures. Depending on their mechanical cause they may be encountered in the form of contusions, overextensions or injuries caused by stabbing or cutting. The authors present case histories from their own patient collective in this order, supplemented by a number of cases described in the literature. Particular attention is paid to the superior oblique, injuries to which are almost without exception trochlear or pretrochlear. The special anatomy of the tendon is a factor that may explain restrictions in motility in upward and downward gaze (dysfunctions). Certain severe cases are described and the principles of reconstructive surgery are discussed.

Adult↗