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Results for “Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Increased influenza pneumonia mortality of mice adoptively immunized with node and spleen cells sensitized by inactivated but not live virus.

Syngeneic mice adoptively immunized intravenously with 25 million washed node and spleen cells from donors vaccinated subcutaneously with formolized influenza A PR8 had a higher mortality with influenza pneumonia after challenge with homologous virus than occurred in recipients of similar cells from unsensitized donors, and this increased mortality was prevented by treatment of the sensitized cells with antithymocyte serum. Mice adoptively immunized with cells from donors vaccinated with formolized influenza A PR8 also had a higher mortality than recipients of unsensitized cells after challenge with heterologous influenza B Lee. Mice who received PR8-sensitized cells and survived challenge with influenza B Lee developed antibody only to the challenge virus, and serum antibody titers to the challenge virus in surviving recipients of sensitized cells were similar to those of recipients of unsensitized cells in all studies. Influenza mortality of recipients of antibody-containing mouse serum after homologous virus challenge was similar to that of recipients of antibody-free mouse serum in this model. Washed node and spleen cells from donor mice who had survived respiratory infection or received subcutaneous vaccination with live influenza A PR8 and those from donor mice given typhoid vaccine subcutaneously all failed to alter mortality from that observed in recipients of unsensitized cells after challenge with influenza A PR8. These results suggest that subcutaneous vaccination with inactivated influenza establishes a reactivity of the cell-mediated immunologic system which can increase the severity of influenza infection of the respiratory tract under certain conditions, and that sensitization by live influenza fails to produce this effect.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity and serum lysozyme activity during the marrow granulocytes reserve tests.

Unsaturated vitamin B12 binding capacity (UBBC) and serum lysozyme activity (LZM) were estimated durinng the endotoxin, prednisone and hydrocortisone marrow granulocyte reserve (MGR) pool tests. Our results showed, that no additional mechanism except the shift of MGR from marrow caused granulocytosis after typhoid vaccine administration. While the prednisone, when given orally diminished additionally the number of the physiologically destroyed neutrophils. The hydrocortisone, however, showed the results very similar to those obtained after typhoid vaccine adminstration. Thus the hydrocortisone test seems to be most useful. It gives as good information as typhoid vaccine test but does not show its side-effects.

Agranulocytosis↗
PubMed1976

Effect of glass on pH-dependent stability of typhoid vaccine.

Vaccines made from the Ty-2 strain of Salmonella typhosa were tested periodically for stability of pH and of potency. The acetone-treated cultures prepared in buffered saline solutions retained potency beyond 30 months of storage at 0 to 5 C. Similar vaccines in unbuffered saline solutions lost potency coincident with increase of alkalinity. Vaccines packaged in United States Pharmacopeia borosilicate glass vials retained potency and pH stability, whereas those in Type III United States Pharmacopeia soda-lime glass vials were less stable.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Pyrogenic renal hyperemia: the role of prostaglandins.

The intravenous administration of triple typhoid vaccine to anesthetized dogs resulted in a significant increase in renal blood flow accompanied by a modest decline in systemic blood pressure. This renal hyperemia was associated with elevated renal secretory rates of renin and prostaglandin E and F. Measurements of the intracortical distribution of radiolabeled microspheres revealed a progressive decrease in outer cortical blood flow rates and a progressive increase in inner cortical flow rates. When meclofenamate, an inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase, was administered concomitantly with triple typhoid vaccine renal hyperemia did not develop. The renal renin secretory rate increased modestly and intracortical renal blood flow was not redistributed. The increased renal blood flow after triple typhoid vaccine administration to unanesthetized dogs was also reversed by meclofenamate. The marked increase in prostaglandin secretion by the kidney during renal hyperemia following triple typhoid vaccine administration (pyrogen), and the effect of meclofenamate, is consonant with a role for increased renal synthesis and release of prostaglandins.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Alteration of the construction and cellular composition of ileo-colonic lymph nodes of rhesus macaques after administration of salmonella vaccine].

In stained histological sections, percentage ratio of areas to different cellular elements in structural components of the ileocolonic lymph nodes was studied in mature Macaca rhesus, normal and after injection of salmonella vaccine. A rather considerable reaction in all structural components and cell composition of the lymph nodes was demonstrated as a response to immunization of the animals. These changes were demonstrated in decreased area occupied by the cortical substance and in increased area occupied by the medullar substance of the lymph node. In the cortical substance, together with decrease in the cortical plateau, total number of folliculi rises with formation of light centers in them. Calculation of cellular elements revealed that in the cortical substance cytopoietic function was inhibited; that was expressed in decreasing mitoses and blast forms in the cells. Most drastic alterations occur in myelin cords of the lymph nodes. Together with increasing area, a considerable reaction of acidophilic leucocytes, premature plasma cells and macrophages is observed. Their number increases notably.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Vi antigen from Salmonella typhosa and immunity against typhoid fever. 11. Safety and antigenicity in humans.

Safety and antigenicity of a purified preparation of Salmonella typhosa Vi antigen was evaluated in human volunteers. Dosages of Vi antigen at 25, 50, and 100 mug were less toxic than U.S. standard typhoid vaccine (lot 6A) containing 5 X 10(8) bacteria per dosage. Vi antigen in comparison with the standard typhoid vaccine induced higher hemagglutinating antibody but lower bactericidal antibody responses.

Antibody Formation↗
PubMed1979

Peritoneal macrophages introduced into mouse foot pads enter the germinal center of regional lymph nodes nonspecifically.

Male mice were injected into their foot pads with sheep erythrocytes (SRBC) to form lymph follicles in the germinal centers in the popliteal lymph nodes. 4 weeks later, peritoneal macrophages labeled with carbon from syngeneic donors sensitized with SRBC or typhoid-paratyphoid bacilli (TAB) were separately injected into the foot pads as well. The popliteal lymph nodes were histologically examined at 6 h to 5 days after injection. Labeled macrophages appeared in the marginal sinus, migrated straight across the cortex from the marginal sinus to the lymph follicles and then entered the germinal centers. There was no difference in the mode of appearance, migration and localization of labeled macrophages in the regional lymph nodes between the mice given labeled macrophages from SRBC-sensitized donors and those given macrophages from TAB-sensitized donors. The entrance of lymph macrophages into the germinal centers of the regional lymph nodes would be immunologically nonspecific. After the injection of Pelikan ink into the foot pads, the macrophages which have taken up carbon in the peripheral tissue reached the regional lymph nodes via the afferent lymphatics and then entered the germinal centers, mainly through the medullary pole of the lymph follicles, after migrating along their immediate exterior from their marginal sinus to their medullary pole.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Parathyphoid B-antigen containing a complex of protective surface antigens].

The authors obtained a complex antigen from paratyphoid B bacilli containing complete O-, K- and H-antigens. The preparation was nontoxic and was characterised by marked antigenic properties. In intravenous and oral administration it stimulated production of specific O-, K-, and H-antibodies in high titres. Complex paratyphoid B antigen possessed a marked protective activity and provided intense immunity in subcutaneous and oral administration to experimental animals.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1978

[Reactogenicity and immunological effectiveness study of a complex paratyphoid B antigen].

Reactogenic property and immunological efficacy of the paratyphoid preparation containing a complex of O-, K- and H-antigens obtained by single-stage antigens extraction were studied in a limited group of volunteers (22 persons). The antigen gave no untoward reactions and proved to be safe when given orally in doses of 25 to 150 mg. Paratyphoid B antigen was characterized by a marked immunization activity and stimulated formation of specific paratyphoid O-, K- and H-agglutinins and antibodies of the IgA,- IgG,- and IgM-classes.

Agglutinins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The effects of TAB and of adrenergic blocking drugs on the course of the experimental irradiation disease.

The experiment is aimed at establishing the consequences of the endotoxic stress (TAB) associated with alpha- or beta-adrenergic selective blocking drugs on the course of the acute irradiation disease in rats (700R, gamma rad Co60). TAB administered before or after irradiation, alone or associated with propranolol, increases the surviving rate at 30 and 60 days from exposure as compared to the controls (LD 95/30 days). Generally, dibenzyline has unfavourable effects on mortality and survival rate at the mentioned intervals. Based on the data obtained, an adrenergic component is analysed in achieving the survival increase by TAB and beta-adrenergic blocking substances; a hypothesis about the mechanisms involved is advanced.

Adrenergic beta-Antagonists↗
PubMed1976

[Live enteric typhoid vaccine consisting of a Vi-negative double-dependent mutant of S. typhi and a Vi-positive strain of Citrobacter].

The authors present experimental data on the study of the living enteral vaccine against the typhoid infection from the Vi-negative strain of salmonella with a double-dependence by streptomycin and purine, and from the Vi-positive strain -- citrobacter 5396/38. The method of immunoelectrophoretic analysis showed an indenticity of the O- and H-antigens of the doubledependent mutant with the O- and H-antigens of the typhoid strains of bacteria (Ty2-4446 and 5501). A sufficiently marked immunological reaction was revealed in the tests of antibody formation and in the study of the preventive activity of the sera of the immunized rabbits. The efficacy of the enteral immunization with the associated vaccine consisting of a doubledependent mutant of typhoid bacilli and the citrobacter strain in the doses tested (a 6-fold immunization) was demonstrated in experiments on albino mice. Association in one preparation of the cultures under study did not lead to any changes in the immunogenic properties of these strains. The cells of the mutant strain administered per os gave a positive culture (from the mouse organism) only in the course of the first 24 hours, in difference from the citrobacter strain which gave a positive culture in the course of 14 days.

Animals↗