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Results for “Ulnar Nerve”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Ulnar nerve instability: ulnar nerve injury due to elbow flexion.

The term "ulnar nerve instability" describes the chronic conditions of subluxation and relocation of the ulnar nerve at the elbow with flexion and extension of the elbow, respectively. This condition is more common than generally thought. Recurrent subluxation of the nerve at the elbow results in a tractional and frictional neuritis. The nerve is vulnerable to trauma in its subluxed position, lying superficially on the medial humeral epicondyle. In certain cases of ulnar nerve instability associated with a tight overlying band bridging the heads of origin of the flexor carpi ulnaris, nerve injury can occur with flexion of the elbow. Thus, internal as well as external compressive factors as a cause of ulnar nerve neuropathy must be considered. Described is an elbow flexion test helpful in the diagnosis and prognosis of cases of ulnar nerve instability associated with the tight overlying band.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Processus supracondyloidea humeri with concomitant compression of the median nerve and the ulnar nerve.

Compression of the median nerve and the nerve due to the anatomical anomaly processus supracondyloidea humeri is a rare condition. A case of combined median and ulnar nerve compression is described. Diagnostics and treatment are discussed in the light of the present case history and those described in the literature. The conclusion is that the treatment should be superiosteal resection of the process together with the origin of the pronator teres muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Combined posterior interosseous and ulnar nerve compression in a hemophiliac.

A case is reported of a combined posterior interosseous nerve and ulnar nerve decompression in a patient with hemophilia after appropriate blood factor replacement. The importance of avoiding unnecessary delay in surgical intervention and careful attention to details of operative and postoperative care are stressed.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Functional mechanisms of the proximal ulnar nerve compression syndrome].

The proximal ulnar compression syndrome when it is not a result of trauma, tumors, inflammatory and degenerative processes, inborn deformations or external pressure, is caused by two mechansims, namely the pinching of the ulnar nerve between the proximal edge of the ligamentous and muscular coverings of the cubital tunnel and of the exit of the nerve from the tunnel under the tendinous arch of the flexor carpi ulnaris. The compression itself is dependent upon the possibility of subluxation of the ulnar nerve. Therapy should consists not only in "decompression", but also in a simultaneous anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve.

Elbow↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Ulnar nerve entrapment syndrome in baseball players.

Ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow has been described in the literature. This paper deals with 19 skeletally mature baseball players with ulnar nerve entrapment who underwent surgery for correction of the problem. The surgery consisted of anterior transfer of the nerve and placement deep to the flexor muscles. Six players quit baseball because of continuing elbow problems, nine returned to playing, and four were lost to follow-up. Ulnar nerve entrapment is thought to represent one syndrome in a spectrum of diseases involving the medial side of the elbow in baseball players. The lesion is amenable to surgery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Cadaveric study on the vascular anatomy of the ulnar nerve at the elbow--a basis for anterior transposition?

The clinical results of anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve in compressive ulnar neuropathy have been unsatisfactory. This study aims at qualifying and quantifying the vascular anatomy of the ulnar nerve at the elbow so as to enable us to appreciate the possible effects of anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve. In our study of 16 cadaveric limbs, we found that the average number of nutrient vessels supplying the ulnar nerve is 14.3. The main contributing vessel in the arm is the superior ulnar collateral artery, at the elbow, the inferior ulnar collateral artery proximally, and the posterior ulnar recurrent artery distally. In the forearm, the main supply is from the ulnar artery. The average length of the nutrient vessels ranges from 1 cm at the elbow to about 2.6 cm in the arm. The nutrient vessels at the elbow are short, small and numerous. Blood supply to the nerve is segmental in nature. In our histological study of the nerve at the elbow, we found that overall, there are more vascular channels in the intrinsic system than the extrinsic system (statistical significance p < 0.01). From this study, we were able to postulate that there is devascularisation of the ulnar nerve following an anterior transposition. The significance of the devascularisation will require further studies.

Cadaver↗
PubMed1976

[Compression of the ulnar nerve at the wrist (author's transl)].

Compressions of the ulnar nerve at the wrist in or beyond the canal de Guyon are comparative rare. Those originating from compression in the sulcus ulnaris at the elbow are much more common. The clinical symptoms are typical: Weakness of the small muscles of the hand, loss of sensibility and pain. The diagnosis can be made on the clinical picture. It has to be confirmed by electromyography. Surgery should be performed as early as possible to avoid permanent damage to the nerve. Any delay can cause irreversible loss of function of the ulnar nerve. As causes of the compression of the ulnar nerve tumours, inflammation of the sourrounding tissue or trauma have been described. In this paper we report about compression of the ulnar nerve in the canal de Guyon due to a thrombosed aneurysme of the ulnar artery. This condition is quite rare. It is characterized through sudden onset of pain in the hand. Immediate surgery with decompression of the nerve, as we did in our case, will result in complete recovery.

Arteries↗
PubMed1977

Functional anatomy of the deep motor branch of the ulnar nerve.

Our presently inadequate knowledge of the functional anatomy of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve handicaps our management of ulnar nerve lesions. The extensive anatomical variations in the distribution of this nerve preclude adherence to a textbook pattern of innervation. Electrophysiological recordings of single sensory fibers in monkeys along with fascicular stimulation studies provided novel information about the functional organization of the deep branch of the ulnar nerve: (1) there is a wide range of sensory fibers not currently recognized by textbook descriptions; (2) the innervation pattern is far more diffuse and covers greater areas than previously suspected; (3) at the distal forearm level the motor component of the deep ulnar branch is distributed throughout the entire ulnar nerve and is not restricted to specific fascicles; (4) contrary to previous assumptions, the deep branch of the ulnar nerve is mixed, and not purely motor. In fact, it may be mostly sensory. Afferent fibers arise from muscle, joints, deep subcutaneous tissues and even skin. These findings suggest that it is unwise to look at any nerve as purely motor or having a set innervation pattern, and emphasize the pressing need for objective preoperative and/or intraoperative functional assessment in peripheral nerve surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Electrodiagnosis of ulnar nerve lesions at the elbow.

To determine electrical criteria which might be helpful in the diagnosis of ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow, clinical and electrodiagnostic features in 78 patients with suspected ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow are described and compared to the results of sensory and motor conduction in the ulnar nerve in a control group of normal persons. These criteria include (1) absent or abnormal evoked sensory nerve action potential in the little finger, (2) motor conduction velocity of less than 45.0 meters/sec in across elbow segment of the ulnar nerve with elbow flexed at 35 degrees, and (3) abnormal electromyographic findings including the presence of increased insertional activity or signs of denervation in the first dorsal interosseous, abductor digiti minimi, and/or flexor carpi ulnaris muscles. Electromyographic abnormality was seen in 77.5% of patients with ulnar motor conduction velocity of less than 45.0 meters/sec across the elbow. The first dorsal interosseous was the most commonly affected muscle. A study of certain important anatomic and histologic factors, such as the arrangement and relative concentration of the motor and sensory fibers at certain key points inthe course of the ulnar nerve trunk, is necessary to understand the correlation between the clinicopathologic and electrodiagnostic features in patients with ulnar nerve entrapment at the elbow.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Recurrent ulnar-nerve dislocation at the elbow.

Recurring luxation of the ulnar nerve at the elbow is not uncommon (16.2%), occurring about equally in young and old, male and female, athletes and non-athletes but the greater mobility is usually at the dominant arm. The probable cause of such dislocation is congenital laxity of supporting ligaments. Being more vulnerable to injury than normally-positioned nerves, however, complicating neuritis can does occur. Subluxating nerves which stop on the tip of the medial humeral epicondyle upon 90 degrees or more of flexion at the elbow are more subject to direct trauma than completely displaced neural structures which cross the epicondyle upon elbow flexion. The latter may develop friction neuritis which occurs most frequently in industrial workers and occasionally requires surgical transfer. Deep intramuscular implantation, with or without neurolysis, is definetely superior to subcutaneous placement of the affected nerve. In this report are described chemically-induced ulnar neuritis from cortisone injections about the medial humeral epicondyle; pressure ulnar neuritis in patients with enforced bed rest and from improper positioning on operating table with permanent neural deficit and the relationship of such hypermobile ulnar nerves to extension-flexion (whiplash) trauma to the neck. It is emphasized that most of these complications could have been avoided had the patient and his physician known that such anomalies were present. Of particular importance is the avoidance of pressure to the medial aspect of a flexed elbow in surgical patients under general anesthesia. The unrelated co-existence of intermittently-symptomatic hypermobile ulnar nerves and extension-flexion neck trauma may occur. Recognition of isolated unlar neuritis in these patients is definitely important from the diagnostic, treatment and medical-legal aspects of such cervical spine injuries.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Compression of the ulnar nerve near the elbow].

The ulnar nerve is subject to an entrapment neuropathy at the elbow. The groove behind the medial epicondyle is by the adjacent structures transformed to a tunnel. This passage is the most significant entrapment point of nerve. Duurgery we treated 18 patients with the entrapment ulnar neuropathy at the elbow. Operative decompression had been performed and when necessary, anterior transposition and neurolysis under the microscope control. After the operation some of the patients had complete relief of symptoms. Lifelong cases had partly ameliorated. Three patients are described in details. In our paper we appeared the mechanism and diagnosis of cubital tunnel compression, It is pointed that early diagnosis and operative treatment are only preferable in healing the ulnar entrapment neuropathy at the elbow.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Tardy ulnar nerve palsy in children.

Tardy ulnar nerve palsy in the child is an infrequent occurrence. In 5 cases all occurring after injury about the elbow, the lesion involved not only lateral but also medial structures. The latency period from elbow injury to palsy was not always long and ranged from 2 months to 29 months. Possibly because of the age of the patients and short duration of the palsy, anterior transposition promoted prompt remission of symptoms and signs.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medial epicondylectomy for ulnar nerve compression syndrome at the elbow.

Nineteen patients were evaluated 6--17 months after medial epicondylectomy (22 extremities) for ulnar nerve compression syndrome at the elbow. Medial epicondylectomy removes the prominence against which the ulnar nerve can be traumatically compressed and no operative handling of the nerve is necessary. Pre- and postoperative nerve conduction velocities were combined with subjective and objective evaluations of all patients. Statically significant correlations were found between the result and the postoperative nerve conduction velocity and the result and the per cent change of nerve conduction velocity. Ten extremities were classified as good results (48%), 4 as fair results (17%), and 8 as poor results (35%). Four limbs in the poor category and one limb in the fair category had electrical evidence of proximal compression neuropathy which compromised the end result. Exclusion of the patients with evidence of proximal neuropathy would yield 76% good or fair results. Measurement of ulnar nerve lengths in fresh cadavers demonstrated that ulnar nerve conduction velocity studies should be performed at 70 degrees of elbow flexion if accurate pre- and postoperative velocities are to be obtained.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Ulnar nerve injury associated with anaesthesia.

Information regarding 35 patients who developed signs and symptoms of lesions in the ulnar nerve during the post-anaesthetic period, has been reported. The pertinent anatomical and physiological factors in the aetiology of compression neuropathy of the ulnar nerve have been summarized. The use of electromyography and nerve conduction studies has been discussed in relation to localizing the site, following the progression, estimating the severity of a lesion and helping to differentiate between a recent or a pre-operative lesion. Lesions of the ulnar nerve continue to occur in patients who receive an anaesthetic. In our cases the severity of the lesions was not related to age, sex, type of operation or anaesthetic or the duration of the anaesthetic. Compression neuropathies of the ulnar nerve occurred more commonly in males than females. They may lead to a prolonged disability. Preventive measures and the importance of adequate follow-up have been discussed briefly.

Adult↗