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Results for “Ultrasound”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Relative frequency of ultrasound diagnoses in patients referred for ophthalmic ultrasound.

An ultrasound diagnostic coding system was developed that permitted entry of diagnoses into a programmable calculator, thus permitting rapid information retrieval of patients with a specific diagnosis or diagnoses as well as the number of patients with a specific diagnosis. Cataract, vitreous opacity, trauma, choroidal disease, and retinal detachment were the most common diagnoses made. Only 7.2% of the patients had a normal ultrasound, indicating that ultrasound examination is a test probably underutilized by ophthalmologists.

Computers↗
PubMed1992

Prostate cancer tumor location as predicted by digital rectal examination transferred to ultrasound and ultrasound-guided prostate needle biopsy.

The advent of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) and the Biopty instrument (Bard Urologic) has revolutionized prostate biopsy (PNB). Theoretically the systematic multiple biopsy approach offers the advantage of less sampling error with respect to presence of carcinoma, grade of carcinoma and sites of tumor within the gland. These parameters may be important in selecting the therapeutic approach and, if radical prostatectomy is contemplated, in modifying the operation as indicated based on tumor location. In the present investigation, we received specimens obtained from 100 men with clinically localized prostatic carcinoma who had previously undergone ultrasound-guided systematic random biopsy (TRUSPNB) along with TRUS and digital rectal exam (DRE). Among the 372 sectors with carcinoma identified in the 100 radical prostatectomy specimens, significant underrepresentation by TRUSPNB was noted (39% false negative). When an abnormality on either DRE, TRUS or TRUSPNB was observed, the sensitivity was 65%. The specificity was 89% when all three tests were abnormal. It would appear that preoperative assessment of tumor location is inadequate with the current modalities available. There may, however, be subsets of patients which would benefit by tumor location utilizing DRE, TRUS and TRUSPNB.

Biopsy, Needle↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of ultrasound on porphyrin biosynthesis. I. Changes in the levels of proto-, copro- and uroporphyrins after a single exposure to ultrasound].

Abdominal region of white rat males was exposed to ultrasound with the intensity of 0.2, 0.6 and 1.0 Wt/cm2. 1, 24 and 48 hours after sonication proto-, copro- and uroporphyrines were determined in erythrocytes and excrements, copro- and uroporphyrines in urea. Single ultrasonic exposure does not affect the biosynthesis of uro- and coproporphyrines in gialoplasm, however, it results in the change of their excretion with excrements and urea. Biosynthesis of protoporphyrine IX which is the final stage of haemoglobin biosynthesis is changed under the effect of ultrasonic energy.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Efficacy and safety of endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy compared with endoscopic ultrasound-guided gallbladder drainage for palliation of malignant distal biliary obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: When ERCP is not feasible or fails in the palliation of malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO), EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CDS) and EUS-guided gallbladder drainage (EUS-GBD) are viable alternatives. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing the safety and efficacy of the 2 techniques for the palliation of MDBO. METHODS: Multiple databases were searched through November 2025 for studies that reported outcomes of EUS-CDS and EUS-GDB in patients with MDBO. A meta-analysis was performed to determine pooled proportions and relative risk (RR) with 95% CIs. We compared the rates of technical and clinical success, overall adverse events (AEs), and lumen-apposing metal stent dysfunction. A random-effects model was used for our meta-analysis, and heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 (%) statistics. RESULTS: Five studies (352 patients; EUS-CDS: 193 and EUS-GBD: 159) were included. Technical success was 93.3% (95% CI, 70.6-98.8) for EUS-CDS and 95.9% (95% CI, 90.0-98.4) for EUS-GBD (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.94-1.10; P = .6). Clinical success was 90.1% (95% CI, 84.7-93.7) versus 86.6% (95% CI, 80.3-91.0) (RR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.90-1.05; P = .4). There were no significant differences in overall AEs (19.7% vs 17.6%; RR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.58-1.48; P = .8), severe AEs (11.0% vs 8.3%; RR, 0.69; 95% CI, 0.33-1.44; P = .3), or stent dysfunction (15.0% vs 14.5%; RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.35-2.58; P = .9). CONCLUSIONS: EUS-GBD appears comparable to EUS-CDS in terms of technical and clinical success, AEs, and stent dysfunction. Further prospective studies are warranted to corroborate our findings.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Ultrasound protocols used to detect vascular gas emboli in divers: a systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Venous gas emboli (VGE) detected via ultrasound can be used as a surrogate marker for decompression stress. While Doppler ultrasound is the historical gold standard, two-dimensional (2D) ultrasonography offers advantages for on-site monitoring, including a wider field of view and reduced dependence on noise-free environments. This systematic review evaluates 2D ultrasonography protocols used in decompression research since the 2015 International Meeting on Ultrasound for Diving Research, identifying methodological similarities, differences, and adherence to consensus recommendations. METHODS: A search of PubMed and Scopus identified studies using 2D ultrasound to detect VGE in divers. Inclusion criteria were: (1) use of 2D ultrasound, (2) detection of VGE or monitoring of decompression stress, (3) inclusion of a diver cohort, and (4) publication after 2015. Data extraction focused on VGE scoring systems, ultrasound hardware, measurement protocols, and operator experience. Risk of bias was assessed using ROBINS-I-V2, and compliance with the 2015 consensus recommendations was evaluated. RESULTS: Twenty studies were included. The Eftedal-Brubakk scale was most commonly used (n = 15), with cardiac ultrasound as the primary imaging modality; one study assessed a peripheral vessel. Common shortcomings included post-dive measurements lasting less than two hours, underreporting of operator experience and hardware specifications, limited individual-level data, and inappropriate use of parametric statistics for ordinal bubble grade data. No study fully complied with all consensus recommendations. CONCLUSIONS: This review demonstrates that, although two-dimensional ultrasound is widely used for post-dive VGE assessment, methodological heterogeneity with multiple shortcomings remain. Furthermore, nearly all studies restricted imaging to the heart, thus leaving peripheral vessel assessment largely unexplored.

Embolism, Air↗
PubMed1978

Ultrasound and gallium for the diagnosis of abdominal and pelvic abscesses.

Two hundred and twenty-two patients presented with clinical suspicion of an abdominal or pelvic abscess. Abscesses tend to locate in the perihepatic spaces or the pelvis, and these areas can easily be examined by ultrasound, using the liver or the urinary bladder as acoustic windows. Thirty-eight of 42 abdominal abscesses, and 32 of 33 pelvic abscesses were correctly diagnosed and located by ultrasound, giving a sensitivity of 93.3%. Of the 145 patients without abscesses, 143 were correctly excluded, giving a specificity of 98.6%. Thirty of these patients also underwent gallium 67 examination. This detected all 7 true negatives and all 10 abscesses, 1 of which was missed by ultrasound. Of the remaining 13 patients with positive gallium results, 10 had nonspecific uptake in diffuse inflammatory conditions, and 3 were false positives with uptake in bowel or in a surgical wound. In those patients with nonspecific gallium uptake, ultrasound was valuable in documenting the absence of an abscess cavity. Conversely, gallium detected a left subphrenic abscess missed by ultrasound. For reasons of economy, speed, and high sensitivity, we believe that ultrasound should be the initial screening procedure for patients with clinical suspicion of abdominal or pelvic abscess. Gallium should be reserved for patients with equivocal ultrasound results of those with septic foci not revealed by ultrasound.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1979

High definition imaging of carotid arteries using a standard commercial ultrasound "B" scanner. A preliminary report.

Sixteen carotid arteries in nine patients with transient ischaemic attacks and carotid bruits were examined by direct scanning grey scale ultrasound using a 10 HMz probe attached to a standard commercial apparatus. Findings using ultrasound were compared with a contrast arteriogram performed on the following day and, in two cases, with the surgical appearances during endarterectomy. Atheromatous plaques were demonstrated in five common carotid arteries by ultrasound. Arteriography failed to show proximal plaques in two common carotid arteries and extension of bifurcation disease into the adjacent common carotid in a third patient. Ultrasound detected four stenotic and one occluded internal carotid artery. One internal carotid artery with a 25% stenosis was shown by arteriography but not by ultrasound. Of the five external carotid stenoses, one with a minimal stenosis of less than 10% was not demonstrated. In all cases, stenoses in excess of 30% were shown by ultrasound. Surgical findings correlated more closely with details of the plaques as shown by ultrasound than by arteriography. It is suggested that ultrasound might be used to pre-select reliably those patients who would benefit from a contrast arteriogram and, thus, to protect those with normal carotid arteries from a potentially hazardous invasive investigation.

Arterial Occlusive Diseases↗