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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Haemostatic mechanisms in maternal, umbilical vein and umbilical artery blood at the time of delivery.

Studies of the haemostatic mechanism were made on paired samples from the umbilical vein and artery and from a maternal peripheral vein immediately following delivery in 80 healthy patients with uncomplicated pregnancies. Neonatal blood showed a significant decrease in clotting 'activity' and platelet function, and a significant increase in fibrinolytic activity. The umbilical vein, in in comparison to the umbilical artery, showed increased clotting 'activity' increased platelet function and decreased fibrinolytic activity. The possible adverse influence of the placenta on haemostasis in the fetus and newborn is discussed.

Blood Coagulation↗
PubMed1976

Successful arterial substitution with modified human umbilical vein.

Human umbilical veins were prepared as vascular grafts by tanning with dialdehyde starch or gluteraldehyde and by structural re-inforcement with an outer polyester fiber mesh. These grafts were implanted in baboons in the aortoiliac position for periods of 3 days to 9 months. There was no aneurysm formation and there was an excellent maintenance of patency as well as function. Histologic evaluation of the graft materials showed a dense collagen layer within the encircling polyester fiber mesh. A multicellular subintimal layer formed a discrete inner capsule. The inflammatory response with the umbilical component was insignificant. There was no evidence of rejection. This study suggests that the modified umbilical vein can serve as a satisfactory blood conduit. Experience with three short-term clinical implants supports the applicability and potential for this new vascular graft.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Ultrasonic visualization of an umbilical vein.

A patent umbilical vein was demonstrated via ultrasound in a patient with portal hypertension. Ultrasonographic differential diagnosis of intra- and juxta-hepatic veins is given, with emphasis on real time ultrasonography.

Aged↗
PubMed1978

Human umbilical veins and autogenous veins as canine arterial bypass grafts.

Glutaraldehyde treated human umbilical veins (Dardik Biograft) were used to bypass short segments of the femoral artery in 15 dogs and were compared to autogenous jugular veins placed in the contralateral femoral artery of each animal. All 15 autogenous jugular veins remained patent for the four month period of observation whereas thrombosis occurred in seven of 15 umbilical vein grafts. This patency rate of 53% was significantly lower than that observed for autogenous jugular veins (p less than 0.01). Neointimal Fibrous Hyperplasia (NFH) a the proximal anastomosis was responsible for six of the seven umbilical vein graft occlusions. Of the eight patent umbilical veins, five had varying degrees of proximal anastomotic stenosis secondary to NFH. Histological examination of each graft revealed significant fibroblastic proliferation and collagen deposition within the lumen of stenosed and thrombosed grafts. Although human umbilical veins have distinct advantages over other prosthetics, such as availability and flexibility, the incidence of experimental neointimal fibrous hyperplasia causing anastomotic stenosis and thrombosis is prohibitively high.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Congenital absence of the ductus venosus: with direct connection between the umbilical vein and the distal inferior vena cava.

Umbilical vessel catheterization in a neonate with Noonan's syndrome disclosed a unique developmental anomaly of the umbilical vein. There was no evidence of a ductus venosus nor any connection between the vein and the portal hepatic venous system. The umbilical vein instead entered the inferior vena cava directly at the level of the iliac veins. There was a single umbilical artery.

Blood Vessels↗
PubMed1978

[Modified method for catheterization of the umbilical vein].

A modified method of catheterization of the umbilical vein differs from other methods, for at the dismissal of the patient from the hospital the peripheral end of the polyvinylchloride catheter filled with maiodil is sealed and inserted under the skin, which permits to keep the catheter in the umbilical vein for several years, taking out its end periodically from under the skin for introduction of necesary drugs in case of cancer and liver cirrhosis. The catheter does not cause any discomfort and prevents the umbilical vein and surrounding tissues against infection. The suggested method has been applied in 64 patients without any related complications.

Catheterization↗
PubMed1976

[Catheterization of the umbilical vein, diagnostic and therapeutic relevance (author's transl)].

Catheterization of the umbilical vein does allow direct access to the portal system, thus yielding information about the pathophysiology of the hepatic and splanchnic vessel system. Mesurement of the portal vein pressure in conditions of portal hypertension can be performed in the portal vein. A special, three-compartment ballon catheter is available for mesurement of intrahepatic wedge pressure. Angiography of the umbilical vein allows earlier diagnosis of metastases within the liver than other diagnostic procedures. Intraportal application of cytostatic drugs using a long term indwelling umbilical vein catheter is feasible as well. Own experiences are as yet rather limited. Three patients have been treated up to now this way; evaluation of the therapeutic results is not yet possible, because of the short duration of therapy and because of the low number of patients. The technique of umbilical vein catheterization does not seem to present any problems. Complications are rare and did not occur in our series.

Angiography↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of modified human umbilical vein as an arterial substitute in femoropopliteal reconstructive surgical procedures.

Modified human umbilical vein allografts tanned with glutaraldehyde and encased in a polyester mesh were used as arterial substitutes in 13 femoropopliteal reconstructive procedures. A cumulative patency rate of 91 per cent has been obtained for the two year follow-up period. Two grafts were lost due to patient death from myocardial infarction. The grafts were determined to be patent at the time of death, and no death was in any way associated with the graft material. One graft occluded immediately postoperatively due to the absence of any significant distal runoff to the arteries of the calf. There has been no incidence of aneurysmal formation, and based upon our previous experience with bovine artery heterograft, the modified human umbilical vein appears to be superior in this respect. Modified human umbilical vein allograft is superior to autogenous saphenous vein in that it is immediately available, valveless, branchless and may be specially constructed as to diameter and length. We have found the allograft to be flexible, easy to handle and suture, and of sufficient length, elasticity and compliance. Our cumulative patency rate for the two year follow-up period compares favorably with that of previously reported uses of autogenous saphenous vein in femoropopliteal arterial reconstruction. Those results show the modified human umbilical vein allograft to be well deserving as an alternative to autogenous saphenous vein in femoropopliteal arterial reconstructive procedures.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Comparison of serum lipid concentrations in umbilical artery, umbilical vein and maternal vein blood (author's transl)].

Maternal serum lipids and lipids in umbilical artery and umbilical vein blood were examined immediately after delivery in order to relate maternal and fetal lipid metabolism. Total lipids, phospholipids, triglycerides, total cholesterol, cholesterol esters and free cholesterol were determined. The comparison of arterial and venous umbilical lipid levels showed a significantly higher concentration of phospholipids in the umbilical vein, indicating an enhanced flux of phospholipids from the placenta to the fetus. A positive correlation is established for the amounts of total lipids (p less than 0,05), triglycerides (p less than 0,01), phospholipids (p less than 0,05) and free cholesterol (p less than 0,005) between maternal and umbilical vein blood. It is suggested that free cholesterol passes the placental barrier unchanged. The other correlations are discussed as the expression of a factor influencing simultaneously the maternal and fetal lipid metabolism.

Cholesterol↗
PubMed1977

The effect of umbilical vein occlusion on fetal oxygenation, cardiovascular parameters, and fetal electroencephalogram.

In 11 fetal sheep experiments, the blood pressure in the fetal aorta (FA) and in the umbilical vein (UV) was measured following umbilical vein occlusion (UVO), as was the fetal heart rate (FHR), pH, Pco2, and oxygen saturation (So2) in both fetal vessels, and umbilical blood flow (Qumb) of the common UV. The fetal electroencephalogram was recorded continuously throughout the experiment. The results (No. = 17) were grouped according to the response of FA So2 into moderate (So2greater than40 per cent, mean 49.8, S.D. 6.3, and severe So2less than40 per cent, mean 20.4, S.D. 9.2). After 8 to 10 seconds, the fetal blood pressure in FA increased. Umbilical vein blood pressure increased to 25 mm. Hg (S.D. 8) and 35 mm. Hg (S.D. 9) in the moderate and severe groups, respectively. As a result of the decreased perfusion pressure (FA-UV blood pressure) across the fetal side of the placenta, the Qumb fell from 147 ml. per kilogram per minute (S.D. 57) and 30 ml. per kilogram per minute (S.D. 55) to 84 ml. per kilogram per minute (S.D. 48) and 120 ml. per kilogram per minute (S.D.22), respectively. The fall in FA So2 was related to the decrease in Qumb: FA So2=37.6 x log Qumb - 22.8 (2alphaless than 0.001). There was a mild decrease in So2 from 70 to 55 per cent when Qumb fell from 250 to 120 ml. per kilogram per minute. Below 80 to 120ml. per kilogram per minute, the fall in FA So2 was almost linear. The So2 in the UV remained constant so that arteriovenous difference for oxygen (AV Do2) increased. Oxygen consumption decreased almost linearly when Qumb fell below 80 to 120 ml. per kilogram per minute. The fetal electroencephalogram showed no significant change in voltage and the faster activities. From these observations, it is concluded that a decrease in Qumb following UVO jeopardizes the fetus only if a critical Qumb of 80 to 120 ml. per kilogram per minute and fetal artery So2 of 50 to 60 per cent is achieved.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Platelet aggregation inhibition in human umbilical vein grafts and negatively charged bovine heterografts.

Glutaraldehye-tanned human umbilical vein grafts (4 mm) and negatively charged bovine heterografts (4 mm) were placed as bypasses in the femoral arteries of 20 dogs randomized into 10 treated with aspirin and dipyridamole and 10 were not treated. Autogenous vein grafts were placed as controls. Platelet aggregation inhibition by aspirin and dipyridamole significantly improved the patency of human umbilical vein grafts from 10% to 60%. It had no effect on patencies of autogenous veins (100%) or on negatively charged bovine heterografts (0% patency). Inherent graft properties continue to play an important and sometimes overriding role in long-term graft patency in small vessel bypasses. Neointimal fibrous hyperplasia at both proximal and distal anastomoses again was shown to be intimately associated with late graft occlusions.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Necrotising entero-colitis following umbilical vein catheterisation.

Fifteen cases of neonatal necrotising entero-colitis (NEC) following umbilical vein catheterisation are reported. Their clinical and radiological features are briefly described and the proper course of a catheter through the umbilical vein--ductus venosus--inferior vena cava segment is demonstrated. The significance of mal-position of the catheter and its association with NEC is discussed. It is suggested that the abdominal radiographs be taken in the antero-posterior and lateral projections with a portable X-ray machine to check the position of the radio-opaque catheter prior to the commencement of transfusion of infusion.

Catheterization↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Experiences with Meadox-Dardik umbilical vein biograft as a lower extremity bypass graft.

The umbilical veins are valveless, approximately 50 mm long in the umbilical cord, and their diameter is about 4 mm. To prepare the vascular prosthesis the vein is first stripped, then submitted to tanning process, and finally is surrounded by the supporting Dacron mesh. The prosthesis is available in various sizes, from 3 to 6 mm in diameter. Seventy-two patients were operated on to revascularize the peripheric leg vessels using this prosthesis. In ten cases the early results were good and in seven cases a good late result (six months) was observed. The umbilical Meadox-Dardik biograft seems to be an excellent substitute for the saphenous vein in operative procedures in those patients who need a shorter operation or who are afflicted by the absence of the saphena.

Bioprosthesis↗
PubMed1977

Perforation of the peritoneum and intra-abdominal hemorrhage: a complication of umbilical vein catheterizations.

We report a major hemorrhage into the peritoneal cavity caused by perforation of the umbilical vein by a venous catheter in a critically ill neonate. A lateral roentgenogram was necessary to confirm the position of the umbilical vein catheter and the peritoneal perforation. Conservative management, including replacement of lost volume and correction of coagulation abnormalities, controlled the hemorrhage, and surgical intervention was not necessary.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1978

Surface chemistry characteristics of human umbilical vein used as chronic canine arteriovenous fistulas.

Six bilateral loop arteriovenous fistulas from the femoral artery to the femoral vein were constructed in dogs using Dacron-mesh-coated human umbilical vein. Each graft was punctured twice weekly with a 16 gauge needle for up to 36 weeks, and biopsies were done every four to eight weeks. The long-term patency was 83% at 24 weeks. There was no thrombosis from the needle puncture. Serial histologic examination revealed progressive transmural fibrous cell ingrowth and progressive neointimal cell formation. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated areas of disrupted basement membrane covered with laminar fibrin meshes, probably representing sites of needle puncture. With multiple attenuated internal reflection spectroscopy of the graft lumens, minimal to moderate lipid deposition was observed to a depth of 1 micrometer at 32-36 weeks. No abnormal amounts of minerals were found within the graft walls with energy-dispersive x-ray analysis. Critical surface tensions remained within the biocompatible range of 20-30 dynes/cm. Human umbilical vein possesses many of the surface chemistry qualities of an ideal vascular prosthesis, has excellent long term patency, and is suitable for use where angioaccess with repeated needle puncture is needed.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Ureter replacement by means of the umbilical vein].

Using a mixed lymphocyte culture and the 51-chromium release cytotoxicity assay, the antigenicity of umbilical vein of mice was found to be lower than the skin and the vena cava of the same embryo. In 13 dogs the middle-third of the ureter, and in 4 dogs the entire ureter, were replaced. The mean success rate was 60%. After two years, the umbilical vein showed ureter-like behavior functionally and histologically.

Animals↗