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Results for “Urbanization--changes”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

Urban change.

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Community Health Services↗
PubMed1986

Structural change in a system of urban places: the 20th-century evolution of Hungary's urban settlement network.

A review of urban change in Hungary in the twentieth century is presented. Both the traditional approach to studying urban change, involving changes in the percentage of those residing in urban areas, and the newly developed approach, focusing on regional aspects of urbanization, are used in the analysis. "In sharp contrast to most European countries Hungary is shown to evidence continued centralization of urban development, but the recent experience of Budapest and other indicators are said to portend future decentralization." (summary in FRE, GER)

Demography↗
PubMed1983

Chronological trend in blood lead levels between 1976 and 1980.

Analysis of a chronological trend in data from the second National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey indicated that average blood lead levels in the United States dropped approximately 37 per cent (5.4 micrograms per deciliter) from February 1976 through February 1980. There was no evidence that this trend was due to errors in laboratory measurement or to the design of the survey. The trend was present even after accounting for differences in race, sex, age, region of the country, season, income, and degree of urbanization. Changes in exposure to lead in paint or in the diet are unlikely explanations of the trend. However, the correlation of blood lead levels with the lead level in gasoline was highly significant (P less than 0.001) overall and in population subgroups defined by race, sex, and age. Although strong correlation does not prove cause and effect, the most likely explanation for the fall in blood lead levels is a reduction in the lead content of gasoline during this period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Training needs and services for elderly care in developing countries: models from Romania, Barbados and Kuwait.

Developing countries are facing multiple problems in establishing and funding sociomedical services for the elderly. This study outlines the need for such services especially in the transitional stage of urbanization, changes in the structure and role of families, and the inadequate resources for establishing community-based elderly care programs. The study focuses on the analysis of human resource needs for training of the different categories of health workers, both educational degree and non-degree training for elderly care programs. It proposes an integrated approach for short-term training of physicians, nurses, and social workers. This concept was accepted and adopted by the Expert Group Meeting of the International Institute on Aging in Malta, 1989. The study also presents applications of this model in Romania, Barbados, and Kuwait.

Aged↗
PubMed1980

Residential segregation and spatial distribution of a non-labor force population: the needy elderly and disabled.

"Processes of urban change [in the United States] were hypothesized to have created a segregated residential distribution typified by a concentration of disadvantaged and chronically unemployed individuals in decaying inner cities and the employed middle class in suburbs. This hypothesis was tested in one heavily urbanized area for a non-labor force population of needy elderly and disabled persons." Data were obtained from the Fourth Count Summary Tapes of the 1970 census

Americas↗
PubMed1983

Ecological approach to cancer epidemiology.

Man's influence on the 'environment' is such that it is now largely a product of his social activities. In turn the resulting wide-ranging environmental changes have had a profound effect on the structure of human pathology to which the term 'pathomorphosis' is applied. Lung cancer and stomach cancer are cited as examples of the close links between socially-determined environmental changes (e.g. industrialization, urbanization, changing diets, cigarette smoking) and concrete pathomorphic manifestations.

Environmental Pollution↗
PubMed1988

Urbanization in Taiwan: 1900-1985.

This paper reviews previous research and statistical data concerning urbanization and its relationship to migration in Taiwan from 1900-1985. The level of urbanization was very low when Taiwan was under Japanese rule. The low level of industrialization and the difficulty of communication and transportation in the early stage of development may have impeded migration. Beginning in 1953, Taiwan began a series of economic construction plans. Modern industries have burgeoned in many large cities and their peripheral townships, thus accelerating the urbanization process. The data clearly show that the growth rate of the urban population has been much faster than the rate of change in the proportion that is urban. During the 1920-1940 period, the population of Taiwan gradually moved from places of early settlement to new city centers or newly developed areas. It is quite clear that the process of metropolitan dispersion has increased with the development of urbanization in Taiwan. The pattern of city growth was not consistent from period to period. It was reverse U-shaped for the 1950-1960 period, upward-wave-shaped for the 1960-1970 period, and J-shaped for the 1970-1985 period. If a longer period (e.g., 1947-1985) was observed, then it became upward-wave-shaped again. It is quite clear that there is no simple relationship between city size and city growth. This relationship is affected by stage of development; it also appears to be affected by duration of observation. Generally, the longer the interval observed, and the later the period analyzed, the more the upward-wave-shape holds for the relationship. Many scholars maintain that urban growth in developing countries results primarily from the natural increase of urban populations. However, judging from the rapid urban growth in Taiwan during the 1953-1985 period, and considering the natural increase contributed by migrants in urban areas, it is likely that rural-urban migration is a more important source of urban growth.

Asia↗