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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1978

[Statistical observation of urolithiasis at the Hokkaido University Hospital (1959-1975) (author's transl)].

In recent 17 years from 1959 to 1975, 32296 patients were visited to the Urological department of Hokkaido university hospital. 1192 patients (male 818, female 374) were diagnosed as urolithiasis in this period. The incidence was 3.7%. Among them, 1324 urinary calculi were seen. In detail, renal stone 509 (38.4%), ureteral stone 717 (54.2%), bladder stone 84 (6.4%), urethral stone 14 (1.1%). The tendency of upper urinary stone-wave was increasing gradually. Especially after 1965, it was increasing sharply. The tendency of lower's was stable. There was 15 urolithiasis in childhood in this duration. Most of them were upper urinary stone. 9 patients were under 5 years of age. The cause of urolithiasis was found in 9.5%. The upper urinary stone was found only 4.7% but, 57% was found in lower urinary stone. In this report, statistical studies of this work was compared and discussed with already published data in 1961 of our department.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Endoscopy and the detection of genitourinary carcinoma.

Endoscopy in the detection of urinary tract cancer is one of the primary tools of the urologist. It is used in the localization of bleeding sites, the systematic follow-up in detecting recurrent malignancies, the pathologic staging of carcinoma of the bladder through transurethral biopsy, and the identification and biopsy of primary transitional cell carcinoma of the prostate. It is also a prime tool in the diagnosis of ureteral and pelvic tumors through retrograde pyelography, brush biopsy, and urine collection for cytology. Nephroscopy is now also possible for the obscure lesions difficult to diagnose otherwise. Urethroscopy is also important in detecting malignant changes. The various sites for urologic cancer, their incidence, and the role of endoscopy in relation to other means of diagnosis and management are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1975

Development of the upper urinary tract in myelomeningocele and consequent urological care.

The findings in the upper urinary tract of 58 patients with MMC and neurogenic bladder dysfunction are discussed and therapeutical consequences are considered. In a group of 28 neonates, investigated within the first three months of life, only 10% showed some abnormalities of the upper urinary tract and (or) reflux, in a second group of 21 children, over the age of 2 years when first seen, the occurrence rate of dilatation of the upper urinary tract and of pyelonephritis signs was already doubled, whereas adults with operated MMC showed in 75% severe pathological changes. The situation of neonates born with MMC may be in some aspects compared to patients suffering from acute traumatic cord lesion with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. It was already shown that, in spite of neurogenic bladder dysfunction, it is possible in parapegics by appropiate and mainly conservative treatment to prevent progressive destruction of the upper urinary tract, once considered to be unavoidable. The key to better results in the children with MMC should therefore be early and prompt care and close follow-up. The importance of regular bladder emptying, low dosage, long-term antibiotic treatment and measures like forced urethral dilatation and sphincterotomy is stressed. Our results so far in neonatal urological care of children with MMC are encouraging.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Urological care of patients with acute spinal cord injury using tidal drainage.

The function of urological care of patients with spinal cord injuries is is 3-fold: 1) prevention of complications until the bladder has recovered, 2) surgical and medical intervention when recovery is not spontaneous and 3) diagnosis and treatment of complications and/or sequelae. Tidal drainage in these patients is easy, convenient, economical, and readily available and adaptable for use at any institution.

Bethanechol Compounds↗
PubMed1975

Childhood urolithiasis in the United Kingdom and Eire.

152 children with urinary calculi were treated in the United Kingdom and Eire in the years 1972 and 1973. There was a marked male preponderance particularly evident in early life. In 124 children the urine was infected on admission to hospital; in 87, particularly the younger children, this was with the Proteus species. Awareness of the relationship between Proteus urinary infection and matrix calculi is stressed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Endoscopic removal of bladder stones in adults.

Endoscopic removal of bladder stones of all sizes in adults has been discussed and illustrated by 100 cases. 3 different techniques were used to remove the stones viz. (1) extraction by Dormia basket, (2) cystoscopic lithotrity and (3) electronic lithotripsy by Russian-made "URAT 1". Safety and economic advantages to the patients have been discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Cystectomy and substitution enterocystoplasty: alternative primary treatment for T2/3 bladder cancer.

The optimal treatment for invasive bladder cancer remains controversial. Although external beam radiotherapy is able to eradicate the disease in a number of patients, the difficulty is selecting those who will respond. Those who do develop a local recurrence will require a salvage cystectomy combined with urinary diversion. The results of performing cystectomy and bladder reconstruction as a primary procedure are presented and the concept of combining this with chemotherapy as an alternative strategy for the management of bladder cancer is discussed.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

Carcinogenicity of saccharin.

Saccharin is carcinogenic for the urinary bladder in rats and mice, and most likely is carcinogenic in human beings. The neoplasms of the urinary bladder are malignant and invade and metastasize. Male rats are more susceptible to urinary bladder carcinogenesis than female rats. Rats exposed as fetuses develop neoplasms more readily than rats exposed as weanlings. The lesions in the urinary bladder go through the stages of hyperplasia, hyperplastic nodules, and later carcinomas. The male of the human species ingesting saccharin, as for rats, is more susceptible to carcinogenesis of the urinary bladder than the female. Neoplasms of the urinary bladder in rats were not caused by stones, parasites, sodium, or impurities. There is a cocarcinogenic effect between saccharin and methylnitrosurea for the urinary bladder. Even through carcinomas of the urinary bladder are present in rats given the higher doses of saccharin, one was observed in a female rat given 0.5%. Chronic renal disease develops in rats ingesting saccharin. The disease is more advanced at the lower doses than at the higher doses, suggesting that saccharin at the lower doses does not reach the urinary bladder. Early neoplasms are seen in the renal pelvis of rats given the higher doses of saccharin. The risk ratios for urinary bladder carcinomas in human beings increase with both frequency andduration of saccharin usage. Benign and malignant neoplasms at all sites are significantly increased in mice and rats ingesting the higher doses of saccharin. These neoplasms are present in the reproductive and hematopoietic systems, and to a lesser extent in the lungs, vascular system and squamous epithelium. Neoplasms in some organs develop with the lower doses of saccharin. Lymphosarcomas of the lung are significantly increased in rats given 0.01% saccharin. Chronic renal disease in rats given saccharin interferes with the health and life span and consequently with development of neoplasms. Saccharin initiates neoplasms of the skin when its application is followed by croton oil. Epidemiological studies have not been done for neoplasms other than the urinary bladder in human beings.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Giant vesical calculas and anuria.

A 50-year-old fisherman developed uremia and anuria, due to a giant vesical calculus. He was treated with suprapubic lithotomy, and a calculus weighing 1 640 g was removed. This may be the largest calculus ever removed with recovery of the patient. No other reports of giant stones leading to anuria has been found in the available literature. More than 4 years later an inoperable carcinoma of the bladder was discovered. The long delay in diagnosis of the giant stone, as later of the carcinoma, was due to the patient's lack of confidence in doctors and hospitals.

Anuria↗
PubMed1975

[Xenon exhalation measurements in the diagnosis of bladder diseases].

Using an exhalameter radioactive marked Xenon, absorbed following bladder instillation, was determined in the expired air of 111 patients. In 65 of these patients the usual criteria in the diagnosis of bladder diseases were simultaneously ascertained. The functional disturbances of the epithelium of the bladder obtained through 133Xenon exhalation measurements did not correlate with the morphological changes. Especially in the so-called "Reizblase" (irritable bladder) functional disturbances were found without a morphological equivalent. Compared with the low Xenon exhalation found in patients with healthy urinary bladders there is a marked Xenon exhalation increase (10-15 times) in inflammation of the urinary bladder. In our opinion Xenon exhalation measurements is at the present time the most sensitive method for determining inflammatory diseases of the urinary bladder.

Air↗