PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Urinary Retention”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1993

Bowel dysfunction in young women with urinary retention.

Urinary retention in young women is rare, but a syndrome has recently been described in which urinary retention is associated with abnormal periurethral electromyography. The incidence of bowel dysfunction in these women was investigated, in an attempt to determine whether this might be a more widespread disorder. Of 12 patients with this urological abnormality, eight were constipated. No consistent anorectal abnormality was identified on anorectal physiological testing. The electromyographic abnormality was not seen in the external anal sphincter. One patient had an abnormality of the internal anal sphincter smooth muscle, while another had a generalised disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder resembling a visceral myopathy. Bowel symptoms are common in this group of women with urinary retention, but abnormalities of bowel function are not specific. A common mechanism for bladder and bowel symptoms remains a possibility.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Neodymium:YAG laser coagulation prostatectomy for patients in urinary retention.

Urinary retention necessitating catheterization is the presenting complaint for a significant minority of men requiring surgical therapy for bladder outlet obstruction. A total of 67 men presented in acute or chronic urinary retention and underwent Nd:YAG laser prostatectomy. Their mean age was 71 years, the mean estimated excess transition zone tissue was 40 g, and the mean laser energy delivery was 48 kJ. The median postoperative catheterization time was 10 days. Five men required catheterization for > or = 6 weeks, and in five men, the catheter was removed within 48 hours. In four men (6%), a successful postoperative voiding trial was never achieved. Postoperatively, mean voiding measures for the remaining 63 men were a peak flow rate of 16.1 mL/sec, a post void residual volume of 113 mL, and an AUA Symptom Index score of 7.7. Complications included urinary tract infection in two, urethral stricture in one, and bladder neck contracture in 3 men. Four men have subsequently elected additional treatment for bladder outlet obstruction (two transurethral resections, one repeat laser, and one terazosin), for an overall treatment failure rate of 6 of 67 (9%), including the two men who remain catheterized. Laser coagulation prostatectomy produces little or no acute morbidity with a successful long-term voiding outcome in the majority of men requiring treatment for acute or chronic urinary retention.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Prolonged postpartum urinary retention.

Urinary retention after vaginal delivery is a relatively common problem, usually resolved by the temporary use of an indwelling catheter. Presented are two patients with persistent bladder atony after vaginal delivery, despite the use of an indwelling catheter for 10 days. Both patients had low forceps deliveries without severe perineal trauma. Both were treated by self-intermittent catheterization, with resolution of urinary retention at 24 and 37 days postpartum, respectively. These patients were able to learn this technique with minimal instruction. Advantages of intermittent catheterization over prolonged use of an indwelling catheter include greater patient acceptance and possible reduction in the incidence of urinary tract infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Acute urinary retention.

Urinary retention is most commonly caused by obstruction in men and neuromuscular dysfunction in women. A careful history, physical examination, and urethral catheterization will lead to the correct diagnosis in the majority of cases. For nonobstructive causes, a careful survey of the patient's other illnesses and medications will often lead to diagnosis. Successful treatment of nonobstructing causes can be effectively managed by the primary care physician.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1978

Evaluation of psychogenic urinary retention.

Urinary retention may develop in the absence of significant organic disease. Patients with psychogenic retention range from those with episodic acute retention to those who have learned to inhibit urination and have retention with a large residual urine volume owing to myotonic detrusor degeneration. A combination of thorough medical, neurologic, psychiatric and urologic evaluation is indicated for all such patients. Management consists of the implementation of bladder training with or without intermittent catheterization, which generally may be accomplished on an outpatient basis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Acute urinary retention and urinary incontinence.

AUR is a commonly seen genitourinary emergency. It has many etiologies, including obstructive, neurogenic, pharmacologic, and extraurinary causes. Treatment is immediate bladder decompression by transurethral catheterization and treatment of the provoking etiology. Urinary incontinence is less commonly seen as a presenting complaint in the ED. For the emergency physician, the key lies in recognizing its underlying cause. Neurologic and pharmacologic causes need to be considered in all patients. Urinary incontinence that is not caused by a neurologic emergency can be referred for further outpatient evaluation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Some remarks on the epidemiology of acute urinary retention.

Acute urinary retention is an unpleasant, painful experience which requires immediate medical, and frequently surgical intervention. Population studies reveal that acute urinary retention is a common event: a 60 year-old man who survives a further 20 years has a 23 per cent probability of experiencing an acute episode of urinary retention. About half of acute retention episodes appear to be linked to general anaesthesia and a further large population due to the natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The risk of acute urinary retention increases with increasing age. There are a number of other risk factors with risk increased in men with moderate and severe urinary symptoms, low peak urinary flow rates (less than 12 ml/sec) and among men with large prostates. Recent placebo-controlled randomised trials reveal that finasteride is associated with a 57 per cent reduction in the hazard ratio of acute urinary retention when used for at least two years. Since finasteride acts in a positive manner on the major risk factors (finasteride use increases peak urinary flow rate, reduces symptom scores in moderately symptomatic men and reduces prostate volume), this result is not too surprising. It remains to be determined what the risk factors for anaesthesia-induced acute retention are and how they can be altered. Nevertheless, the improvement of our knowledge of the epidemiology of acute urinary retention in the past 12 months is impressive.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Patient-controlled epidural analgesia: the role of epidural fentanyl in peripartum urinary retention.

BACKGROUND: Urinary bladder function is impaired during labor and delivery, predisposing to urinary retention. The effect of low-dose epidural opioid on bladder function remains unclear. We tested the hypothesis that adding low-dose fentanyl to epidural ropivacaine for patient-controlled labor analgesia does not promote urinary retention. METHODS: Laboring women who requested patient-controlled epidural analgesia were randomly assigned in a double blind study to 0.2% ropivacaine (R-group, n=100) or 0.2% ropivacaine with fentanyl 2 microg/mL (RF-group, n=98). Urinary bladder distension was assessed clinically every hour. The post-void residual urine volume was measured by ultrasonography. Urine volume exceeding 100 mL was drained by catheterization. Bladder volume of > or =300 mL, as determined by catheterization was considered as evidence of urinary retention. RESULTS: Thirty percent of the patients in each group developed urinary retention during labor. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups. There was an excellent correlation between bladder volume as estimated by ultrasonography and that by catheterization: catheterization volume=0.93 x ultrasound volume + 25; r(2)=0.83. The bias (mean error) was -1+/-99 mL and the precision (average absolute error) between the ultrasound estimate and actual bladder volume determined by catheterization was 58+/-79 mL. CONCLUSION: Addition of fentanyl to patient-controlled epidural analgesia did not increase the risk of urinary retention. Ultrasound measurements were effective and reliable in assessing urinary bladder volumes during labor.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Postpartum urinary retention.

BACKGROUND: Urinary retention is a common and frustrating complication in women during the immediate postpartum period. Physiologic changes in the bladder that occur during pregnancy predispose patients to develop symptomatic retention of urine during the first hours to days after delivery. METHODS: The incidence and characteristics of postpartum urinary retention were researched through a literature review and are illustrated by a case report. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Postpartum urinary retention has a reported incidence ranging from 1.7 to 17.9 percent. Factors associated with postpartum urinary retention include (1) first vaginal delivery, (2) epidural anesthesia, and (3) Cesarean section. Treatment begins with supportive measures to enhance the likelihood of micturition, such as ambulation, privacy, and a warm bath. If these measures are not successful, catheterization can be performed. If the bladder contains more than 700 mL of urine, prophylactic antibiotics may be warranted, because prolonged or repeated catheterization may be necessary.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

[Ovarian torsion--an unusual cause of childhood urinary retention].

Acute urinary retention in children may be associated with a broad spectrum of different causes. Acute appendicitis or acute ovarian torsion are rare and complicate the diagnosis. The case of a 6-year-old girl with urinary retention caused by ovarian torsion is reported, in which clinical presentation showed nonspecific complaints and ultrasound demonstrated a retrovesical mass. The long-standing ovarian torsion could only be diagnosed by laparotomy. This case once again demonstrates possible difficulties in obtaining a correct diagnosis, especially when imaging techniques reach their limits. Here, the anatomical structures had become so altered by adhesions of the omentum that they were no longer identifiable, rendering the advantageous, non-invasive laparoscopy ineffective. As a result, laparotomy became the most accurate and reliable method for obtaining a correct diagnosis. The occurrence of acute urinary retention with ovarian torsion can be explained by an earlier disturbance of the vegetative nervous system.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Reliability of an automatic ultrasound system in the post partum period in measuring urinary retention.

BACKGROUND: Urinary retention in the post partum period may lead to short- and long-term complications. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability of an automatic ultrasound system to measure the volume of the bladder post partum. METHODS: About 85 women, who delivered vaginally were observed 6 hr post partum. When the bladder volume measured by BladderScan BVI 3000 was more than 300 ml, it was compared with the bladder volume measured by catheterization. RESULTS: Ten additional catheterizations were performed by using BladderScan BVI 3000, when compared with the number of estimated cathetharizations based on clinical indications. Eight women had a residual volume of more than 300 ml, of whom two got an indwelling catheter. Using Bland-Altman methods, there was no significant difference in volumes measured by BladderScan BVI 3000 or by catheterization. Also, there was no significant difference between two observers. CONCLUSION: The BladderScan BVI 3000 is a reliable and non-invasive method to recognize urinary retention in the post partum period.

Female↗
PubMed1988

Acute urinary retention.

Acute urinary retention is a common emergency genitourinary symptom. The etiology of acute retention includes obstructive, neurogenic, pharmacologic, and psychogenic causes. The emergency management of acute urinary retention is bladder decompression, which is usually accomplished with a Foley catheter.

Emergencies↗
PubMed2005

Acute urinary retention in ileum conduit urinary diversion.

Three years after ileum conduit urinary diversion, a 68-year-old patient was referred to us with acute urinary retention. Ultrasound examination demonstrated an extremely dilated, urine-filled ileum conduit and dilated kidneys. Placing a catheter into the subfascial part of the conduit to drain the urine was impossible because of extreme kinking and compression of the conduit in the fascial level. Ultrasound-guided puncture of the conduit was performed, and 170 mL of urine was aspirated. Afterward, a 16F catheter was easily placed. Clear urine drained. At last follow-up, no further episodes of urinary retention had occurred.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2001

Do alpha-blockers prevent the occurrence of acute urinary retention?

Acute urinary retention (AUR) is a common complication of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and the incidence varies widely from 0.4 to 25% per year in men seen in urology practices. It has been estimated that AUR is the indication for surgery in around 25-30% of patients undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and that emergency TURP for AUR is associated with greater morbidity than elective TURP. Risk factors for AUR include lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), depressed peak urinary flow rate, enlarged prostate, high postvoid residual (PVR) urine and old age. Alfuzosin has been shown to significantly increase maximum flow rate and relieve bladder outlet obstruction, resulting in a reduction in PVR urine. A pooled analysis of 11 placebo-controlled studies involving 1,470 patients with LUTS suggestive of BPH indicates that significantly greater improvements were observed in patients treated with alfuzosin than with placebo. A 6-month placebo controlled study of 518 patients reported a 0.4% incidence of AUR in the alfuzosin group compared with a 2.4% incidence with placebo (p = 0.04). These positive effects on PVR could be related to the reduction in incidence of AUR seen in alfuzosin-treated patients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2006

Management of acute urinary retention.

Acute urinary retention (AUR) is a common urological emergency, characterized by a sudden and painful inability to pass urine. There is high variability within and among countries in its management, which can be explained not only by differences in access to care but also by a lack of harmonization and consensus on the best way to proceed. Immediate treatment consists of bladder decompression, usually by a urethral catheter, although a suprapubic catheter offers several advantages not often exploited by urologists. Until recently, secondary management consisted almost exclusively of prostatic surgery within a few days (emergency surgery) or a few weeks (elective surgery) after a first AUR episode. The greater morbidity and mortality associated with emergency surgery, and the potential morbidity associated with prolonged catheterization, has led to the increasing use of a trial without catheter; this involves catheter removal after 1-3 days, allowing the patient to void in 23-40% of cases, and surgery, if needed, at a later stage. Alpha1-adrenergic blockers given before catheter removal improve the chances of success. A high prostate-specific antigen level and postvoid residual urine volume, and response to alfuzosin treatment after a first AUR episode managed conservatively, may help to identify patients at risk of an unfavourable outcome.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗
PubMed2004

Nerve sparing extravesical repair of bilateral vesicoureteral reflux: description of technique and evaluation of urinary retention.

PURPOSE: Prolonged urinary retention remains a controversial and feared complication following bilateral extravesical ureteral reimplantation. We report a modified approach to limit detrusor nerve damage during extravesical correction of bilateral ureteral reflux that significantly reduces this adverse outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A modified approach to the distal detrusor dissection and ureteral mobilization, along with limited periureteral dissection, was used to perform this technique. A retrospective review of 50 patients undergoing bilateral nerve sparing extravesical ureteral reimplantation (NSEVR) by a single surgeon between 1997 and 2002 was completed. Patient age, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) grade, length of hospital stay, length of surgery and outcome were evaluated. RESULTS: The study included 36 girls and 14 boys, with an average age of 4 years 11 months (range 1 to 14 years). Average preoperative VUR grade was 2.61 (range 1 to 5). Average length of surgery when NSEVR was the only procedure performed was 105 minutes (range 54 to 185) and average length of hospital stay was 1.76 days (0 to 3). Transient urinary retention developed in 1 child on postoperative day 1, with a successful trial of voiding the next day. The rate of immediate urinary retention was 2%. There was no long-term urinary retention, voiding dysfunction or urinary tract infections. CONCLUSIONS: NSEVR for the correction of bilateral VUR is a simple modification that provides a reproducible and minimally invasive approach to treatment. We believe that limited distal ureteral dissection, preservation of the medial ureterovesical hiatus and judicious manipulation of the surrounding tissues result in elimination of long-term urinary retention.

Adolescent↗