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Results for “Urinary Retention”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1993

Bowel dysfunction in young women with urinary retention.

Urinary retention in young women is rare, but a syndrome has recently been described in which urinary retention is associated with abnormal periurethral electromyography. The incidence of bowel dysfunction in these women was investigated, in an attempt to determine whether this might be a more widespread disorder. Of 12 patients with this urological abnormality, eight were constipated. No consistent anorectal abnormality was identified on anorectal physiological testing. The electromyographic abnormality was not seen in the external anal sphincter. One patient had an abnormality of the internal anal sphincter smooth muscle, while another had a generalised disorder of the gastrointestinal tract and urinary bladder resembling a visceral myopathy. Bowel symptoms are common in this group of women with urinary retention, but abnormalities of bowel function are not specific. A common mechanism for bladder and bowel symptoms remains a possibility.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Neodymium:YAG laser coagulation prostatectomy for patients in urinary retention.

Urinary retention necessitating catheterization is the presenting complaint for a significant minority of men requiring surgical therapy for bladder outlet obstruction. A total of 67 men presented in acute or chronic urinary retention and underwent Nd:YAG laser prostatectomy. Their mean age was 71 years, the mean estimated excess transition zone tissue was 40 g, and the mean laser energy delivery was 48 kJ. The median postoperative catheterization time was 10 days. Five men required catheterization for > or = 6 weeks, and in five men, the catheter was removed within 48 hours. In four men (6%), a successful postoperative voiding trial was never achieved. Postoperatively, mean voiding measures for the remaining 63 men were a peak flow rate of 16.1 mL/sec, a post void residual volume of 113 mL, and an AUA Symptom Index score of 7.7. Complications included urinary tract infection in two, urethral stricture in one, and bladder neck contracture in 3 men. Four men have subsequently elected additional treatment for bladder outlet obstruction (two transurethral resections, one repeat laser, and one terazosin), for an overall treatment failure rate of 6 of 67 (9%), including the two men who remain catheterized. Laser coagulation prostatectomy produces little or no acute morbidity with a successful long-term voiding outcome in the majority of men requiring treatment for acute or chronic urinary retention.

Aged↗

PubMed1991

Prolonged postpartum urinary retention.

Urinary retention after vaginal delivery is a relatively common problem, usually resolved by the temporary use of an indwelling catheter. Presented are two patients with persistent bladder atony after vaginal delivery, despite the use of an indwelling catheter for 10 days. Both patients had low forceps deliveries without severe perineal trauma. Both were treated by self-intermittent catheterization, with resolution of urinary retention at 24 and 37 days postpartum, respectively. These patients were able to learn this technique with minimal instruction. Advantages of intermittent catheterization over prolonged use of an indwelling catheter include greater patient acceptance and possible reduction in the incidence of urinary tract infection.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Acute urinary retention.

Urinary retention is most commonly caused by obstruction in men and neuromuscular dysfunction in women. A careful history, physical examination, and urethral catheterization will lead to the correct diagnosis in the majority of cases. For nonobstructive causes, a careful survey of the patient's other illnesses and medications will often lead to diagnosis. Successful treatment of nonobstructing causes can be effectively managed by the primary care physician.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1978

Evaluation of psychogenic urinary retention.

Urinary retention may develop in the absence of significant organic disease. Patients with psychogenic retention range from those with episodic acute retention to those who have learned to inhibit urination and have retention with a large residual urine volume owing to myotonic detrusor degeneration. A combination of thorough medical, neurologic, psychiatric and urologic evaluation is indicated for all such patients. Management consists of the implementation of bladder training with or without intermittent catheterization, which generally may be accomplished on an outpatient basis.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Some remarks on the epidemiology of acute urinary retention.

Acute urinary retention is an unpleasant, painful experience which requires immediate medical, and frequently surgical intervention. Population studies reveal that acute urinary retention is a common event: a 60 year-old man who survives a further 20 years has a 23 per cent probability of experiencing an acute episode of urinary retention. About half of acute retention episodes appear to be linked to general anaesthesia and a further large population due to the natural history of benign prostatic hyperplasia. The risk of acute urinary retention increases with increasing age. There are a number of other risk factors with risk increased in men with moderate and severe urinary symptoms, low peak urinary flow rates (less than 12 ml/sec) and among men with large prostates. Recent placebo-controlled randomised trials reveal that finasteride is associated with a 57 per cent reduction in the hazard ratio of acute urinary retention when used for at least two years. Since finasteride acts in a positive manner on the major risk factors (finasteride use increases peak urinary flow rate, reduces symptom scores in moderately symptomatic men and reduces prostate volume), this result is not too surprising. It remains to be determined what the risk factors for anaesthesia-induced acute retention are and how they can be altered. Nevertheless, the improvement of our knowledge of the epidemiology of acute urinary retention in the past 12 months is impressive.

Acute Disease↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Postpartum urinary retention.

BACKGROUND: Urinary retention is a common and frustrating complication in women during the immediate postpartum period. Physiologic changes in the bladder that occur during pregnancy predispose patients to develop symptomatic retention of urine during the first hours to days after delivery. METHODS: The incidence and characteristics of postpartum urinary retention were researched through a literature review and are illustrated by a case report. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Postpartum urinary retention has a reported incidence ranging from 1.7 to 17.9 percent. Factors associated with postpartum urinary retention include (1) first vaginal delivery, (2) epidural anesthesia, and (3) Cesarean section. Treatment begins with supportive measures to enhance the likelihood of micturition, such as ambulation, privacy, and a warm bath. If these measures are not successful, catheterization can be performed. If the bladder contains more than 700 mL of urine, prophylactic antibiotics may be warranted, because prolonged or repeated catheterization may be necessary.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Acute urinary retention.

Acute urinary retention is a common emergency genitourinary symptom. The etiology of acute retention includes obstructive, neurogenic, pharmacologic, and psychogenic causes. The emergency management of acute urinary retention is bladder decompression, which is usually accomplished with a Foley catheter.

Emergencies↗

PubMed1999

Prevention of postherniorrhaphy urinary retention with prazosin.

Urinary retention that necessitates catheterization after herniorrhaphy is a well known, but usually ignored, situation. Increased sympathetic activity resulting from surgery may be the contributing factor. Blockade of alpha receptors in the bladder neck and urethral sphincter may prevent postoperative urinary retention. In this prospective placebo-controlled study, the efficacy of prazosin in preventing postoperative urinary retention after herniorrhaphy was investigated in 156 patients. Patients were randomized into two groups. Patients in Group I (control) were given placebo orally 12 hours before surgery, just before surgery, and 12 and 24 hours after surgery. In Group II, 1 mg of prazosin was given in the same manner of placebo. Nine of 84 patients (10.8%) in the prazosin group and 18 of 72 patients (25%) in the placebo group developed urinary retention. Catheterization was required in only 3 patients (3.5%) in the prazosin group compared to 10 patients (13.8%) in placebo-treated group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, prophylactic use of prazosin after herniorrhaphy significantly reduced the incidence of urinary retention and catheterization.

Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists↗

PubMedDate not supplied

An unusual presentation of urinary retention.

Patients with urinary retention frequently present to the emergency department (ED) for evaluation and treatment. Urinary retention is seen most often in males secondary to mechanical causes. However, other etiologies must be considered. We present an unusual case of a 35-year-old male who developed postcoital urinary retention secondary to urogenital diaphragm spasm.

Adult↗

PubMed1995

[Urinary retention secondary to surgical treatment of stress urinary incontinence].

A retrospective, descriptive study at the National Institute of Perinatology (INPer), was carried out. 401 records of patients with stress urinary incontinence who underwent surgical treatment, were reviewed. The objective of this study was to know the urinary retention rate. Urinary retention was present in 103 of 401 patients (25.68%). In modified Pereyra's procedure it was present in 67 of 195 (34.35%); in modified Burch's procedure, in 25 of 131 (19.08%); in Kelly's procedure in 9 of 70 (12.85%) and in 2 of 5 patients with sling procedure with polytetrafluoroethylene (Goretex). The problem of urinary retention was observed more frequently in vaginal surgery (modified Pereyra procedure and/or sling procedure).

Cephalosporins↗

PubMed1978

[High-grade Urinary retention in the upper urinary tract due to ovarian cysts].

The obstructive uropathy of the upper urinary tract the reason of which is to be searched e.g. in congenital malformation, concrements hindering the passage, strictures and tumors of the urinary tract itself as well as in growing and displacing processes of the adjoining organs have often been observed and described. More seldom this is suitable for benign expansive processes of the ovary. Especially smaller growing and displacing benign processes in the ovary area may result in considerable difficulties concerning differential diagnosis. It is reported on a case of chronic urinary retention with cystic changes of the ovary.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Does alpha sympathetic blockade prevent urinary retention following anorectal surgery?

Urinary retention is the most common complication after anorectal surgery, with rates as high as 52 percent reported. With the trend toward early discharge, avoidance of this complication is particularly important. Perioperative fluid restriction and the use of short-acting anesthetics have been shown to be effective in decreasing postoperative urinary retention rates but are not applicable in all cases. Reflex sympathetic stimulation, possibly as a result of perianal pain, may lead to increased muscular tone of the internal sphincter at the bladder neck. This theory had led to the effective use of alpha-adrenergic blockade in the treatment of established cases of urinary retention after anorectal surgery, herniorrhaphy, and major pelvic surgery. However, the prophylactic role of alpha blockade after anorectal surgery has not been studied. In a double-blind, prospective, randomized study, 51 patients were treated with either prazosin and alpha-adrenergic blocker or placebo prior to and immediately after elective anorectal surgery. Urinary retention rates were similar in the two groups. At this time, prophylactic alpha-adrenergic blockade is not recommended for the prevention of urinary retention after anorectal surgery.

Anal Canal↗

PubMed1998

[Acute urinary retention in women].

Acute urinary retention in women is not a common problem. The incidence is 0.07 per 1000 inhabitants per year. The causes of acute urinary retention can be divided into four groups: obstructive, neurological, pharmacological and psychogenic. More than half of acute urinary retentions occur after surgery or parturition. The most common obstructive cause is a gynaecologic tumor. A psychogenic cause is a diagnosis per exclusionem. The treatment of the acute urinary retention has to be catheterisation before further investigation is done.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1995

Distal ureteral stone in a duplicated system causing urinary retention.

Ureteral calculi and urinary retention are common problems encountered by the urologist. However, they rarely occur concomitantly. Herein, we describe a case of a 40-year-old female patient who developed urinary retention as a result of ureteral stone disease. Specifically, an ectopic upper pole ureter in a completely duplicated system contained a 2 x 6-cm ureteral stone, which emanated from the orifice, filling the urethra. The stone caused voiding difficulties to the extent that the patient had to manipulate the stone manually in order to void. The stone eventually resulted in urinary retention. Management was accomplished by cystoscopy and electrohydraulic lithotripsy of the stone. Chemical analysis revealed calcium phosphate and struvite as the principal components of the stone.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Post-herniorrhaphy urinary retention: a randomized prospective study.

Urinary retention is a known complication of inguinal herniorrhaphy. Bladder distension due to vigorous fluid administration is believed to contribute to this problem. Our hypothesis is that fluid restriction will lower the incidence of urinary retention, post-herniorrhaphy. From January 1989 through March 1991, 113 male patients entered the study. Sixty patients (Group I) received unlimited iv fluids (1294 +/- 58 ml) and 9 patients (15%) developed urinary retention. Fifty-three patients (Group II) received 500 ml or less by protocol (485 +/- 2 ml) and 5 of these patients developed retention (9%). Thus, fluid restriction lowered the incidence of urinary retention post-herniorrhaphy but the difference did not reach statistical significance. In addition age over 60 years approached significance as a risk factor for postoperative urinary retention.

Aged↗

PubMed1995

A placebo controlled double blind study using perioperative prazosin in the prevention of urinary retention following inguinal hernia repair.

Acute urinary retention is a frequent complication following inguinal hernia repair. The smooth muscle of the bladder neck and the prostate have been demonstrated to be rich in alpha-1 adrenergic receptors. It has been postulated that the aetiology of acute urinary retention postoperatively is at least partially due to adrenergic stimulation; blocking these receptors may reduce the incidence of acute urinary retention. We have used prazosin in a double blind, placebo controlled study to establish its efficacy in the prevention of acute urinary retention in patients undergoing elective inguinal hernia repair. A total of 70 male patients were enrolled; 36 patients had been allocated active drug and 34 patients had been allocated placebo. Only two patients developed acute urinary retention. Both patients had been allocated prazosin and had received a general anaesthetic for their hernia surgery. In either arm of the study, a higher number of patients developing urinary retention would have been expected but this may be explained by the greater vigilance on urinary output by nursing staff aware that the trial was being conducted. On the basis of our findings, we do not recommend the routine use of perioperative prazosin with inguinal hernia repair. Further studies in high risk groups would be necessary to assess more fully the efficacy of prazosin in this situation.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1985

Total hip arthroplasty. An investigation of factors related to postoperative urinary retention.

The predisposing factors to urinary retention in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty were investigated by a review of the charts of 272 patients. Age, sex, surgeon, choice and duration of anesthesia, volume of fluid replacement, and use of postoperative intramuscular narcotics did not correlate significantly with urinary retention. However, urinary retention increased from 24% to 62% with the use of epidural morphine for postoperative pain management.

Age Factors↗