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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1981

Microbial conversion of bilirubin to urobilins in vitro and in vivo.

No urobilins are formed from bilirubin in germ-free rats. To isolate and investigate the strains of intestinal microorganisms responsible for this transformation, a suitable test medium was adopted. The strength of the medium and a rather high initial pH were found to be of importance. In this medium, suspensions of rat faeces and a single strain, Cl. ramosum (G62), converted bilirubin to urobilins. Cultivations of Cl. ramosum (G62) together with E. coli significantly enhanced the conversion, whereas addition of 4 other bacterial strains was without the influence. The highest in vitro formation of the urobilins was about 10% of the bilirubin present. When the 6 strains investigated in vitro were established in EXG rats, the in vivo conversion of bilirubin to urobilins was found to be about 15%, compared to 70% in CONV rats.

Animals↗
PubMed1974

On the existence of a mono-vinyl d-urobilin.

Chromic acid degradation of a d-urobilin, obtained after incubation of bilirubin in fecal bacterial cultures, gave methylvinylmaleimide and methylethylmaleimide. The d-urobilin, molecular weight 588, C(33)H(40)-N(4)O(6), clearly showed the presence of both vinyl and ethyl resonances in the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum. These results point unambiguously to a urobilin structure with one vinyl and one ethyl beta-substituent.

Acids↗
PubMed1960

Bilirubin and urobilins in germfree, ex-germfree, and conventional rats.

No urobilinogens are present in the feces or urine of germfree rats. After contamination of germfree animals with feces from conventional animals the exgermfree rats produced urobilins to the same extent as conventional animals on the same diet. The negative urobilin test turned positive in germfree animals infected with a single Clostridium-like microorganism isolated from the intestinal contents of rats with urobilins in the feces. The output increased in these monoinfected animals after superinfection with a strain of E. coli but never reached the values of conventional animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Separation and sensitive determination of i-urobilin and 1-stercobilin by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorimetric detection.

i-Urobilin and 1-stercobilin were separated by high-performance liquid chromatography on a reversed-phase octadecylsilane-bonded column and detected fluorimetrically through formation of phosphor with zinc ions in the eluent. The separation and the intensity of the fluorescence response were affected by concentrations of zinc acetate and sodium borate buffer, pH and methanol content in the eluent. The optimal eluent used consisted of 0.1% zinc acetate in 75 mM boric acid buffer (pH 6.0)-methanol (25:75). The detection limit was 0.2 microgram/l for both i-urobilin and 1-stercobilin (signal-to-noise ratio 2), which makes the method 250-2500 times more sensitive than conventional methods.

Bile Pigments↗
PubMed1984

Deconjugation of bilirubin conjugates and urobilin formation by conventionalized germ-free rats.

The amounts of conjugated bilirubin and urobilins/urobilinogen were determined semiquantitatively in faeces of germ-free (GF) rats during GF condition and after conventionalization by oral administration of faeces suspension from conventional (CONV) rats. The amount of bilirubin conjugates, detected as their ethyl anthranilate azopigments, decreased rapidly 1 day after conventionalization. Thin-layer chromatography analysis of the corresponding faecal azopigment preparations showed that some azopigments started to disappear a few days after the conventionalization, indicating that their corresponding bilirubin conjugates were deconjugated by the bacteria in the intestine. On day 21 after conventionalization, only two azopigments were detected, namely the unconjugated and glucuronic acid conjugated dipyrroles of bilirubin, respectively, thus indicating the presence of only one bilirubin conjugate, the monoglucuronide. After 69 days no azopigments could be detected, indicating the total absence of conjugated bilirubin in these faeces samples. No urobilins were detected in faeces of the rats during their GF state, but these metabolites appeared in faeces one day after conventionalization and increased during a few days to a CONV level.

Animals↗