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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

A quantified approach to the analysis of complications in combined external and intracavitary radiotherapy of uterine cervical neoplasms.

A method is presented of calculating biological doses in combined external and intracavitary radiotherapy with long-lived radioisotopes. The method utilizes the well-known "nominal standard dose" concept combined with an original correction, based on a radiobiological model, to account for the nonhomogeneity of the external field therapy. Of practical interest are the points of maximal radiation dose sustained by the rectum and bladder in the treatment of carcinoma of the uterine cervix. Forty patients with malignant tumors of the uterine cervix who were treated at the Beilinson Hospital are described. A high degree of correlation was found between the biological dose and long-term regional complications. There appears to be a practical threshold dose, of about 4,000 rets, below which severe gastrointestinal and genitourinary complications are rare. A strategy of optimal treatment leading to limited complications is presented.

Cesium Radioisotopes↗
PubMed1979

Para-aortic node biopsy in staging women with cervical, ovarian and endometrial carcinoma: a review.

In women with gynecologic malignancies the para-aortic lymph nodes are not routinely treated. However, pretherapy surgical staging has now disclosed an incidence of para-aortic node metastasis of 10.3% for presumed stage I and II ovarian cancer, 8.0% for stage I endometrial carcinoma, and 23.5% for stage II, III, and IV cervical cancer. Prospective trials to evaluate therapy directed to the para-aortic nodes in women with early ovarian and endometrial carcinoma have not been carried out. Moreover, the results of high dose irradiation to biopsy proven metastasis to the aortic lymph nodes from cervical cancer has resulted in only 11.9% survival without recurrence at two years.

Aorta, Abdominal↗
PubMed1976

[Studies on the increase in the incidence of endometrial and ovarian in cancer in Czechoslovakia during 1960-1973].

During the time period of the last 12 years the incidence of the endometrium carcinoma in the whole CSSR rised to 155,5% in the consideration of the incidence in the years 1961 to 1963. In the same time period the incidence of the ovarial carcinoma has grown up to 117,8% only, what seems to be still in the limits of average incidence shift of all female malignancies in the CSSR (117,1%). The rising incidence of endometrium carcinoma affects primarily the elderly women, but testiefies also that this malignancy is among them today much more frequent. Therefore the rising incidence cannot be explained only as a manifestation of elderly of the female population. In agreement with this reality the endometrium carcinoma is today diagnosed significantly more frequently also among the younger women (at least since 40 years of age). The totals of all endometrium carcinomas rised even more than incidence. The gynaecologists meet today 162% of such malignancies in comparison with the numbers in the years 1961-1963. It means that in the whole CSSR yearly 500 endometrium carcinomas more are diagnosed than before 12 years. The incidence of cervix carcinoma dropped during the same period significantly and the endometrium carcinoma became therefore nearly as frequent as cervical malignancy (1:1,2). Possible reasons of these frequency changes are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Some surgical aspects of gynecologic cancer.

The most important developments in gynecologic oncology in recent years have been the advent of supervoltage irradiation that allows the delivery of better and safer therapy; the diligent search for new cancerostatic drugs and hormones and their clinical application, singly and in combination; and studies suggesting the possibility of immunotherapy. Conversely, few noteworthy developments have emerged in the operative management of gynecologic malignancy, even though refinements of surgical technique, improved preoperative and postoperative care, and better control of infectious problems gradually have decreased the operative morbidity and mortality rates and have improved the survival rates significantly. Surgery continues to be the dominant therapy. Irradiation, chemotherapy, and hormones are therapeutic adjuvants in the management of ovarian, endometrial, cervical, vulvar, and other genital malignancies. As a result of earlier diagnosis, with the greatly diminished incidence of far-advanced carcinoma of the cervix, primary surgery is having a larger role in the management of the early stages of this lesion. Aggressive surgical removal of advanced, dissemenated ovarian carcinoma is worthwhile; diminishing the volume of the lesion significantly improves the response of residual tumor to adjuvant therapy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Pretreatment staging.

Renewed emphasis on pretreatment staging of gynecologic malignancies has resulted from a number of reports on surgical staging of malignant cervical, endometrial, and ovarian lesions. These reports have shown that by pretreatment staging, in significant numbers of patients, more advanced disease was detectable than by the usual clinical methods. From 32% to 46% of patients with stage III cervical carcicarcicarcinoma have been found to have metastatic disease in the para-aortic nodes. Diaphragmatic and para-aortic node metastases have been reported in patients with ovarian carcinoma recently in significantly higher incidences than as previously detected. The pelvic lymph nodes have been shown to be involved in 11% to 13.5% of patients with stage I endometrial carcinoma. Twelve and one-half percent had metastases to the para-aortic nodes. These data suggest the need for more accurate definition of extent of disease prior to treatment. Improvement in survival rates will not necessarily follow, but modifications in treatment must be tried.

Aorta↗
PubMed1977

Carcinoembryonic antigen in cancer of the female reproductive system. Serial plasma values correlated with disease state.

The results of plasma carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) determinations done over 600 patients with gynecologic malignancy will be presented. It would appear from this extensive survey that the likelihood of a patient having a positive value is increased with advancing stage and bulk of disease. The incidence of positive values in patients with clinical recurrence is quite impressive and presents a possible mode of follow-up for patients after standard treatment techniques have been administered for cervical cancer. Most interesting is the effect of radiation therapy or surgery on squamous cell cancer of the cervix and vulva in patients who have a positive value of the onset. Treatment of the disease by either modality appears to be associated with a precipitous drop in plasma value of CEA. Unfortunately, the presence or absence of CEA is not reliable and to date it is impossible to predict which patients with gynecologic malignancy will manifest a positive plasma value. Comments will be made concerning retro-de-differentiation and de-repression as a mechanism for the production of this antigen in patients with gynecologic cancer.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1978

The clinical significance of carcinoembryonic antigen in the plasma and tumors of patients with gynecologic malignancies.

Carcinoembryonic antigen is elevated in the plasma of approximately 30% of patients with endometrial adenocarcinoma, 50% of patients with ovarian carcinoma, and 60% of patients with cervical carcinoma. The incidence of elevated plasma CEA is directly related to stage of disease, and in ovarian cancer to cell type. Immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoretic studies have indicated that CEA from ovarian and cervical cancers is similar to colonic cancer CEA. Tumor staining for CEA by the immunoperoxidase method (indicating a CEA concentration of greater than or equal to 3.0 microgram/g tissue) is positive in about one-half of the patients with elevated plasma CEA levels. However, there is no definite relationship between tumor and plasma antigen levels. Carcinoembryonic antigen levels charcteristically return to normal within 8 weeks following complete surgical removal of tumor. In contrast, antigenemia often persists up to 4 months following curative radiation therapy. A progressive rise in plasma CEA has preceded clinical diagnosis of recurrence in about half of the patients studied. Serial plasma CEA determinations in patients whose plasma or tumors initially contain elevated amounts of antigen provides information concerning the biologic behavior of malignancy which may be of clinical significance to the patient.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1976

Current status of lymphography in patients with cancer.

In the early 1960's lymphography was received enthusiastically. Expectations were high that a very accurate diagnostic method for the detection of metastases had been found. This enthusiasm subsided after it became apparent that small lesions could not be discerned and that the images demonstrated were frequently nonspecific. Better correlation was achieved with advanced stages of cancer but because the presence of metastases was usually already known, it was questionable if the lymphogram contributed much to the management of the patient. In recent years, after the examination was placed in its proper prospective, the value and status of lymphography in patients with cancer were reassessed. The radiographic findings were divided into direct, or actual demonstration of metastastases, and indirect changes--those changes resulting from replacement of lymph nodes or blockage of the vessels by metastases. Lymphography proved particularly valuable in the diagnosis and staging of patients with pelvic cancer arising from such organs as cervix, uterus, vulva, ovary, and from tumors arising from the prostate, testicles, and penis. It also proved valuable in the assessment of extension of disease in melanomas of the extremities. The value of the positive lymphogram is easy to assess. However, when one encounters a "normal" lymphogram, one must realize that this does not exclude the presence of metastatic disease; it merely demonstrates that the the time of the study no lesions were recognized in visualized lymph nodes. Therefore, the negative lymphogram should not result in any modification of treatment which would have been prescribed under the same clinical circumstances if one did not have the lymphogram at hand.

Female↗
PubMed1975

Excess occurrence of cancer of the oral cavity, lung, and bladder following cancer of the cervix.

The risk of developing a second cancer among white and black females with an initial cancer of the uterine cervix or corpus has been estimated based on the experience of the Charity Hospital of Louisiana Tumor Registry, a participant of the End Results Program of the National Cancer Institute. Observed second primary cancers were compared to expected numbers in order to obtain a direct estimate of risk. White females having an initial cancer of the cervix had a 5-to-6-fold excess risk of developing a subsequent cancer of the oral pharynx, lung or bladder during the first 5 years following their initial cancer with no excess risk for developing subsequent cancer of the breast or large intestine, but a slight excess risk for developing subsequent cancer of the ano-rectum. There was a 7% excess risk among both whites and blacks with initial cancer of the corpus uteri of subsequently developing another cancer.

Black People↗
PubMed1979

The value of a sensitive assay of carcino-placental alkaline phosphatase (CPAP) in the follow-up of gynecological cancers.

Using a sensitive enzyme immunoassay, carcinoplacental alkaline phosphatase (CPAP) was determined in sera of 1266 patients with gyneocological cancers. All these patients were referred after initial surgical treatment elsewhere. There were 95 patients with evidence of disease at the time of the study and 1171 without evidence of disease. Of the 95 patients with active disease, 47 were treated for ovarian carcinoma, 36 for carcinoma of the cervix and 12 for endometrial carcinoma. Raised levels of CPAP were seen in 40% of patients with ovarian carcinoma, in 22% with carcinoma of the cervix and in 41% in the small group with endometrial carcinoma. In patients without evidence of disease, raised levels of CPAP were seen in 12% of patients with carcinoma of the cervix, in 6% of endometrial carcinoma and only in 2% of patients with carcinoma of the ovary. Therefore it was considered that in the latter group CPAP studies would prove of some value. In the group of patients with carcinoma of the ovary and evidence of disease, raised levels of CPAP were seen almost exclusively in patients with epithelial tumors. It is considered that CPAP may be of value as a tumor marker in this group of patients. When compared with CEA, CPAP tends to give fewer false positives and correlates better with the presence of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Carcinoma of the cervix uteri in Ibadan: coital characteristics.

Carcinoma of the cervix uteri has been found to be the most common female malignancy in Ibadan, excluding the reticuloendothelial tumors. In a study to investigate associated etiological factors in this environment, it was demonstrated that certain coital characteristics of women with cervical cancer can be identified. These were a common denominator which could explain the frequency of the disease among some categories of patients who engage in early sexual practice, have intercourse frequently and with multiple partners, and have many pregnancies. Support was given to the view that a sexually transmitted factor might be important in the cause of carcinoma of the cervix.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Atypical cervical cytology and colposcopic directed biopsy.

A cervical cytologic diagnosis of inflammatory stypia was made in 319 patients during a 42-month period. Two hundred twenty-five of those patients underwent colposcopy, and biopsy was performed in 155 patients. Mild to severe dysplasia was diagnosed in 115 patients, for a 36% prevalence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

[Research on the effectiveness of gynecological prescreening (author's transl)].

Malignant tumors are determined by abnormal values of DNA as well as in its precursors. The cytophotometric analysis of smears allowed the determination of DNA of higher number of cells and therefore was presented as prescreening. But higher amounts of DNA caused by colpitis was reached too in this case. Therefore the presented research tried to limit points of malignancy by determination ofDNA, RNA, Histones, and Heterochromatin of cytologically classified cells. The discussion of results with literature pointed out, that this object is only reaching today by simultaneous determination of DNA and Heterochromatin of selected "atypical" cells.

Bibliographies as Topic↗
PubMed1975

Carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with gynecologic malignancies.

The determination of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in plasma has been of much interest currently concomitant with the search for an immunologic diagnosis test. Recent reports have shed some doubt on the specificity of carcinoembryonic antigens for gastrointestinal tract malignancies. This report details the plasma CEA values in 341 patients with varying gynecologic malignancies. These studies have demonstrated that plasma CEA is elevated in close to 50 per cent of patients with invasive gynecologic cancer. The incidence of positive values is appreciably higher in the advanced stages of disease. Of particular interest was that 84 per cent (21 of 25) of the patients with recurrent squamous-cell carcinoma of the cervix had a positive CEA value. Similar results were found in patients with cancer of the vulva, ovary, and endometrium.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed1975

Cellular hypersensitivity in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.

A group of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were tested for cellular hypersensitivity prior to the initiation of therapy. Fourteen of 15 patients manifested inhibition of leukocyte migration with homologous tumor extracts, and 13 patients showed inhibition with autologous tumor extracts. Lymphocytes from 10 to 11 patients exhibited cytotoxicity for a homologous cell line and lymphocytes from 4 to 5 patients, for autologous cell lines. These results indicate that the absence of cellular hypersensitivity is infrequent in patients with squamous cell carcinoma. A comparison of the degree of sensitivity detected by use of each test showed a good correlation in a group of 10 patients. The efficacy of both autologous and homologus antigens to react with sensitized leukocytes supports the hypothesis that these antigens are tumor related. Although no correlation was found among the immunologic tests, clinical status of the patient, or prognosis based on the evaluation of several histologic parameters, further studies are needed to determine the usefulness of these tests as a prognostic index in individual patients, especially in patients with Stage I carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma↗