PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Uveitis”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

Herpes simplex uveitis in immune rabbits. Priming effect of nonherpetic uveitis.

Systemic immunization of rabbits with herpes simplex virus (HSV) had two opposite effects on the outcome of subsequent efforts to produce primary HSV uveitis, the difference depending on whether or not the rabbits had had nonherpetic uveitis before the HSV challenge. In normal eyes, systemic immunization with HSV provided complete protection against the production of primary uveitis by an intraocular injection of HSV; but in eyes that had had a bout of experimentally induced nonherpetic uveitis before the challenge, the same systemic immunization was not protective. In these eyes, an immune-mediated uveal inflammation developed. Nonherpetic uveitis had apparently "primed" the eyes of the HSV-immune rabbits for subsequent immune-mediated HSV uveitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU), a new form of experimental uveitis. I. Induction by a detergent-insoluble, intrinsic protein fraction of the retinal pigment epithelium.

The uveitogenicity of several protein fractions of the bovine retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) was studied in Lewis rats, and a major pathogenic fraction was selected. Fresh RPE cells were carefully isolated and purified in order to minimize the presence of rod outer segments (ROS). The buffer-insoluble part of the cells was extracted by Triton X-100. Most uveitogenicity was found in the Triton-insoluble pigment and cytoskeleton-containing fraction of RPE (RPE-TI). The S-antigen and opsin contents of RPE-TI were too low to induce an inflammatory response, while transducin, IRBP and cGMP-phosphodiesterase were absent. Hence, a hitherto unknown uveitogenic RPE protein, called PEP-X, evoked the pathogenic response. A typical dose-dependent experimental autoimmune anterior uveitis (EAAU) developed when the rats were immunized with RPE-TI. Initially, mononuclear cells infiltrated the anterior segment. In subsequent severe stages polymorphonuclear cells predominated in the anterior chamber. EAAU differed in particular from the known forms of EAU induced by photoreceptor proteins in that the inflammation remained exclusively anterior and the photoreceptor cells and the pineal gland were not affected. In immunized rats the immune responses to ROS proteins were very low. In contrast, there were consistently high cellular and humoral immune responses to RPE-TI. As in experimental autoimmune (uveo)retinitis (EAU), the development of EAAU could be inhibited by cyclosporin treatment indicating T-cell-dependency. A combination of histopathological, immunological and biochemical results indicates that PEP-X is an intrinsic RPE protein that is highly pathogenic. In view of its characteristics, EAAU may be a valuable model for human acute anterior uveitis, the most prevalent form of uveitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Secondary glaucoma and uveitis: hypertensive uveitis (author's transl)].

The secondary rise of i.o. pressure in uveitis may lead to a true secondary glaucoma or to hypertensive uveitis. The etiology of the endogenous inflammation does not seem to play a role. Pathogenetically the occlusion of the pupil with the formation of iris bombé and the obliteration of the chamber angle by exudate are important factors, while the hypersecretion of aqueous humor plays a minor role. Medical treatment consists in mydriatics and steroids. Surgical treatment depends on the pathogenetic mechanism and consists either in sector iridectomy or a filtering procedure.

Behcet Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Endotoxin-induced uveitis in mice. 1. Induction of uveitis and role of T lymphocytes.

Endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) with a high frequency of posterior iris synechiae was induced by the systemic injection of 200 micrograms of endotoxin into C3H/HeN mice, an endotoxin-responsive strain. The cell number and the protein concentration within the aqueous humor began to increase 6 hours after the injection, achieving a peak at 24 hours, and decreased gradually thereafter. Inflammatory cells were observed in the anterior chamber, the vitreous body and near the iris-ciliary body histologically. Most of the inflammatory cells were polymorphonuclear cells. On the other hand, C3H/HeJ mice, an endotoxin-unresponsive strain, showed no increase in either cell number or protein concentration in the aqueous humor after endotoxin administration. Pretreatment of C3H/HeN mice with anti-Thy-1.2 antibody significantly decreased both the cell number and the protein concentration in the aqueous humor and the incidence of the posterior synechiae, as compared with the control group. Anti-CD4 antibody also significantly reduced the severity of EIU, while anti-CD8 antibody had no influence on the disease. Anti-IFN-gamma antibody increased the cell number in the aqueous humor. These observations indicate that T lymphocytes, especially CD4+ T lymphocytes, have an extremely important role in the development of EIU in mice.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Primary and secondary herpes simplex uveitis in rabbits.

Primary and secondary (recurrent) herpes simplex uveitis were studied in the rabbit eye. Intravitreal injection of live herpes simplex virus (HSV) produced primary uveitis, and reinjection of HSV intravitreally in an eye that had completely recovered from the primary disease produced secondary uveitis. The onset of primary herpes simplex uveitis was gradual, but the secondary disease developed immediately after the intravitreal reinjection. Only live HSV would produce primary uveitis, whereas both inactivated and live HSV could produce secondary uveitis. Infectious HSV could be isolated from the eye with primary uveitis, but not from the eye with secondary uveitis, a failure that appeared to be due in part to the persistence of anti-HSV neutralizing antibody in the eye after the primary uveitis. The results suggest that primary uveitis is caused by infection of the uveal tissue by live HSV, and that secondary uveitis is caused by HSV-induced immunological mechanisms.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Anterior uveitis and hypopyon.

We undertook a study to determine the incidence of hypopyon, as well as the most common anterior uveitis entities with which hypopyon is associated. A total of 216 patients with anterior uveitis were studied. The uveitis was acute in 155. Of the 155 patients, 11 (7.1%) had hypopyon. Nine of the 11 patients with hypopyon were positive for HLA B27. Of these nine, two had Reiter's syndrome and one had ankylosing spondylitis; the other six had no confirmed systemic disease. Of the two patients with hypopyon who were HLA B27-negative, one had mixed connective-tissue vascular disease, and one had idiopathic anterior uveitis. Of the 155 patients with acute anterior uveitis, 62 were HLA B27-positive. Thus, the incidence of hypopyon uveitis among HLA B27-positive patients was 14.5% (nine of 62 patients), whereas the incidence among HLA B27-negative patients was only 2.2% (two of 93 patients). These results suggest that HLA B27-related anterior uveitis is the most common cause of hypopyon uveitis, and that most patients with anterior uveitis associated with hypopyon will test positive for HLA B27. Although these results reflect a referral population, they should be of benefit in the treatment of patients with anterior uveitis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1991

Clinical patterns and associated conditions in chronic uveitis.

We determined the relative frequencies of the different types of chronic uveitis, and the possible associated conditions, among 400 consecutive patients with chronic uveitis examined during the years 1982 through 1988. Of the 400 patients, 183 (45.75%) had anterior uveitis, 98 (24.5%) ahd panuveitis, 61 (15.3%) had intermediate uveitis, and 58 (14.5%) had isolated posterior uveitis. Only four of the 98 patients with panuveitis (4.1%) were considered idiopathic after a comprehensive examination, whereas 94 of the 183 patients with anterior uveitis (51.4%) were similarly classified. We found an associated condition in 242 of the 400 patients of the study group (60.5%). Of these 242 patients, 61 had Behçet's disease, which constituted the most frequently encountered associated condition in this study. Of the 61 patients with Behçet's disease, 58 had panuveitis and constituted 59.2% of the panuveitis group. Of the 61 patients with intermediate uveitis, 17 (27.9%) had a concurrent disease. An associated condition was found in 95% and 96.2% of patients with unilateral and bilateral panuveitis, respectively, but in none of the patients with unilateral intermediate uveitis. Environmental, cultural, or genetic factors may be accountable for the differences discovered between our findings and those of previously published studies from the United States and England with respect to relative frequencies of some of the associated diseases in patients with chronic uveitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

The problem of uveitis in Bendel State of Nigeria: experience in Benin City.

A review of 1987 patients with uveitis seen over an 11-year period in Bendel State of Nigeria has been undertaken; 56% of cases had a posterior/mid-peripheral uveitis, 15.1% a panuveitis, 21.5% an anterior uveitis. Acute anterior uveitis with classical symptoms was rarely seen. Its comparative rarity is presumably due to the absence of HL-A27 in Africans and altered immunological states from malaria and parasitic infections. Identified aetiological factors in anterior uveitis were leprosy (1 patient), tuberculosis (1 patient), herpes zoster (16 patients), and onchocerciasis (3 patients). The great majority of cases of posterior uveitis were of presumed toxoplasmic origin. Further studies are needed to demonstrate its mode of transmission in a population in which toxoplasmosis is endemic. Forest onchocerciasis is not a major cause of uveitis in southern Nigeria in the same way as savanna onchocerciasis is in northern Nigeria. Syphilis seems to play no part in the causation of uveitis in southern Nigeria. Better diagnostic facilities are required to determine the role of sarcoidosis and other possible causative factors. Uveitis is a major cause of blindness in Nigeria.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Asymptomatic transient uveitis in children with inflammatory bowel disease.

Although acute anterior uveitis has been noted in children with inflammatory bowel disease, it has not been appreciated in the absence of ocular symptoms. To determine the presence of asymptomatic uveitis, slit-lamp examinations were performed in 19 children with granulomatous bowel disease and seven with ulcerative colitis. In the former group, six had uveitis, while no abnormalities were noted in those with ulcerative colitis. Abnormalities consisted of cells and flare in the anterior chamber. In the group with asymptomatic uveitis, all were male, three were black, and all had colonic involvement. No positive correlations were noted between the presence of uveitis and bowel symptoms, duration of illness, extraintestinal manifestations, or specific treatment regimens. None of the six children with uveitis had evidence of spondylitis, and five were HLA-B27-negative. Repeated eye examinations six to 12 months later disclosed no evidence of uveitis in four of five children and improvement in the remaining child. These data suggest that asymptomatic transient uveitis is common in children with granulomatous bowel disease, but progression to severe adult uveal disease remains unclear.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Anterior uveitis in children. An analysis of 75 cases with special reference to retinal anti-S antibodies.

In this prospective study of childhood uveitis, 75 children with anterior uveitis were analyzed to determine whether a relationship could be found between the occurrence of uveitis, its clinical features, and humoral immunity to retinal S-antigen. For the purposes of analysis, children were divided into acute (18 cases) and chronic (57 cases) categories, depending on the duration of ocular inflammation. Clinical features of both of these groups were compared and significant differences were found in the occurrence of unilateral vs bilateral involvement, the incidence of complications, and visual outcome. Serum samples from children with acute (7 cases) and chronic uveitis (28 cases) and from healthy children (132 cases) were tested for antibodies to S-antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). A statistically significant difference in the level of specific antibodies between patients with chronic uveitis and controls was found. However, there was no difference between children with acute uveitis and healthy patients, nor was there any correlation between the severity of uveitis and antibody titer. For further elucidation of the significance of circulating anti-S antibodies, 14 children with chronic anterior uveitis were followed for as long as 18 months after the initial visit. Multiple serum antibody titers to bovine retinal S-antigen were determined and compared with the clinical activity at the time of each sampling. In only 6 of 14 patients did the titers to S-antigen tend to decrease with clinical improvement and stabilize at titers somewhat higher than normal values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1992

HTLV-I uveitis: a distinct clinical entity caused by HTLV-I.

Seroepidemiological, clinical and virological studies were carried out in an HTLV-I endemic area to find out if HTLV-I caused an intraocular inflammatory disorder, uveitis. The seroprevalence in patients with uveitis without defined etiologies (62/175, 35.4%) was significantly higher than that in patients with non-uveitic ocular diseases (42/261, 16.1%) or in patients with uveitis with defined etiologies (8/78, 10.3%). Moreover, the seroprevalence in young adults (20-49 years) with uveitis without defined etiologies was 30/67 (44.8%), whereas it was only 10/107 (9.3%) in the other two groups. The uveitis in HTLV-I carriers was characterized clinically by a moderate inflammation of the vitreous body accompanied by a mild iritis and retinal vasculitis. The proviral DNA of HTLV-I was detected by polymerase chain reaction from the inflammatory cells in the anterior chamber in 9 out of 9 seropositive patients with the uveitis, but not in any of the tested patients with other types of uveitis. These data, thus, indicate that HTLV-I causes a specific type of intraocular inflammation, uveitis.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Detection of antibodies against Borrelia burgdorferi in patients with uveitis.

We determined the antibody response against Borrelia burgdorferi strains isolated from Japanese Ixodes ovatus and Ixodes persulcatus ticks by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and indirect immunofluorescence assay of serum specimens from 127 patients with uveitis. We examined samples of serum from Japanese patients with unclassified uveitis, iridocyclitis caused by herpes zoster virus, Behçet's disease, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, sarcoidosis, or other conditions (sympathetic ophthalmia, Posner-Schlossman syndrome and acute anterior uveitis with ankylosing spondylitis). Serum from healthy individuals and patients with Lyme disease served as negative and positive control samples, respectively. Significantly higher antibody titers were demonstrated in patients with uveitis than in control subjects. Of 29 patients with unclassified uveitis, nine (31) had significantly increased antibody titers against B. burgdorferi strain H014 by ELISA testing. Five patients also showed higher IgG and IgM responses than in three control subjects with Lyme disease. All positive controls showed joint problems characteristic of rheumatoid arthritis. One of three patients had uveitis. The patients were diagnosed as having Lyme disease on the basis of their history and serologic tests. A positive antibody response was recognized in several patients with Behçet's disease, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome, sarcoidosis, and other conditions (acute anterior uveitis with ankylosing spondylitis), but not in control subjects.

Antibodies, Bacterial↗
PubMed1992

Uveitis associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I.

Seroepidemiologic, clinical, and virologic studies were performed to determine whether human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I was closely associated with uveitis in two hospitals. One hospital was in an endemic area of the virus (Miyakonojo, Miyazaki) and the other hospital was in a less endemic area (Kurume). In the endemic area, the seroprevalence of the virus in patients with uveitis without defined causes (35.4%, 62 of 175 patients) was significantly higher than that in patients with nonuveitic ocular diseases (16.1%, 42 of 261 patients), or in patients with uveitis with defined causes (10.3%, eight of 78 patients). The seroprevalence in younger patients (20 to 49 years of age) with uveitis without defined causes in the area was 44.8% (30 of 67 patients), whereas it was only 9.3% (ten of 107 patients) in the other two groups. A similar observation was recorded even in the less endemic area (Kurume). Because the seroprevalence of the virus in the general population is known to be low in younger patients and to increase with age, these findings were interpreted to indicate that the association of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I with uveitis was significant. Most patients, particularly those aged 20 through 49 years, had an intermediate uveitis characterized by a moderate inflammation in the vitreous body accompanied by an iritis and retinal vasculitis. The ocular symptoms in the patients differed from those of other types of uveitis common in Japan (Behçet's disease, Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada's disease, and toxoplasmosis, for example).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗