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PubMed1965

CLASSIFICATION OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE (VIBRIO COMMA), INCLUDING EL TOR VIBRIOS, BY INFRASUBSPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS.

Feeley, John C. (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.). Classification of Vibrio cholerae (Vibrio comma), including El Tor vibrios, by infrasubspecific characteristics. J. Bacteriol. 89:665-670. 1965.-A study of the properties of 220 serotype O group I vibrios indicated striking similarity in most of their properties. However, by using four tests often applied in the identification of the El Tor vibrio, five types were identified and characterized as follows: type 1 strains, phage IV-sensitive, nonhemolytic by tube and plate methods, unable to agglutinate chicken red cells (CCA), and Voges-Proskauer (VP) negative or weakly positive at 22 C; type 2, same as type 1 except for CCA; type 3, phage IV-resistant, CCA and VP usually positive, and strongly hemolytic by tube and plate methods; type 4, same as type 3, except hemolytic only by plate method unless culture has undergone pronounced rugose variation; and Type 5, same as type 3, except stably nonhemolytic. Type 1 and type 3 strains possess the characteristics usually ascribed to classic cholera vibrios and El Tor vibrios, respectively. Geographical and chronological distribution of the types is discussed. The thesis is presented that it is invalid to recognize two species, V. cholerae and V. eltor, because alleged differences are infrasubspecific. Recognition of a single species, V. cholerae, consisting of several types, is recommended.

Bacteriophages↗
PubMed1963

PREPARATION OF SPHEROPLASTS FROM VIBRIO COMMA.

Chatterjee, B. R. (Baylor University College of Medicine, Houston, Texas), and Robert P. Williams. Preparation of spheroplasts from Vibrio comma. J. Bacteriol. 85:838-841. 1963.-Spheroplasts were prepared from several strains of Vibrio comma by lysozyme treatment combined with freezing and thawing of the organisms. The optimal concentration of lysozyme was 50 mug/ml, although some spheroplasts formed at a concentration of 10 mug/ml. Higher concentrations (200 mug/ml) caused lysis of cells along with spheroplast formation. Treatment was carried out in broth cultures containing 15% sucrose, and if the osmotic tension was lowered the spheroplasts lysed. Some motile, spherical cells were present in every preparation. Addition of 3% glycine to broth cultures resulted in rapid transformation of the vibrios into large, spherical bodies. However, these were actively motile, and were not sensitive to a lower osmotic tension. Therefore, they could not be considered as spheroplasts.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed1965

EFFECTS OF LACTIC ACID-FORMING BACTERIA ON VIBRIO COMMA INOCULATED INTO INTESTINAL SEGMENTS OF RABBITS.

Hattori, H. (Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), H. Misawa, I. Igarashi, and Y. Sugiya. Effects of lactic acid-forming bacteria on Vibrio comma inoculated into intestinal segments of rabbits. J. Bacteriol. 90:541-545. 1965.-Mixed inocula of Vibrio comma KC-4 and various lactic acid-forming bacteria were injected into the intestinal segments of rabbits (De and Chatterje, 1953) to observe the effects of the latter agents in altering the changes produced by strain KC-4. The animals were sacrificed 10 and 20 hr after inoculation. The inoculated intestinal segments were first examined grossly, and the amount of exudate in the segments, if any, was measured, after which the tissues were subjected to pathological examination. When KC-4 cells together with spore-bearing lactic acid-forming bacilli, strain P-22, or Lactobacillus casei were introduced, the intestinal segments showed few or no macroscopic and microscopic changes, and no accumulation of exudate. With mixed inoculation with lactic acid bacteria such as L. bulgaricus, L. acidophilus, Streptococcus lactis, and S. faecalis, changes were produced by strain KC-4. Macroscopically, no difference was discernible between the changes caused by mixed inoculation and those produced by single inoculation of KC-4. Upon pathological examination, however, it was seen that changes resulting from mixed inoculation were slightly less severe than those produced by inoculation with strain KC-4 only.

Animals↗