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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1991

Medical causes of abnormal vaginal bleeding.

Abnormal vaginal bleeding, not easily explained by the presence of a gynecologic lesion, infection, or hormonal abnormality, may be caused by systemic medical disease. Evaluation of the clotting system, both platelets and clotting factors, should be done to rule out hematologic disorders that can cause blood loss. Additionally, a detailed history, directed physical examination, and carefully chosen laboratory studies can establish the presence of endocrine disease, renal insufficiency, hepatic abnormalities, and vasculitis. Specific questions about diet and drug use may uncover nutritional deficiencies or adverse drug reactions that produce or contribute to abnormal vaginal blood loss. Evaluations for medical causes of vaginal bleeding may require subspecialty consultation to facilitate timely diagnosis.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed1991

Managing abnormal vaginal bleeding.

Abnormal vaginal bleeding is a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. A carefully directed patient history and physical examination along with basic laboratory tests can lead to accurate diagnosis. In most cases, symptoms can be controlled with use of oral contraceptives, progesterone supplements, and/or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Abnormal vaginal bleeding in perimenopausal women.

The incidence of abnormal vaginal bleeding increases as women approach the end of their reproductive years. In the perimenopausal age group, the most common cause of abnormal vaginal bleeding is anovulation. In most patients, diagnosis and management can be accomplished in a family physician's office.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Abnormal vaginal bleeding secondary to iron deficiency in a thirteen year old.

Abnormal vaginal bleeding in perimenarchal females is usually attributed to immaturity of the hypothalmic/pituitary/gonadal axis (i.e., dysfunctional uterine bleeding). Iron deficiency as a cause for abnormal bleeding has been described, but is poorly understood. This case report describes a 13-year-old Hispanic female with iron deficiency anemia as a presumptive cause for two episodes of abnormal vaginal bleeding. Anemia may be a cause as well as an effect of menorrhagia in young teenagers. Work-up should include evaluation of tissue iron stores if other etiologies for abnormal bleeding are not found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Abnormal vaginal bleeding in adolescents.

The evaluation and management of abnormal vaginal bleeding should be tailored to the individual case. Pediatricians caring for adolescents need to be skilled in the evaluation and management of this common adolescent problem. Physicians who do not feel comfortable with their skills in the performance of a pelvic exam should obtain consultation from an adolescent specialist or a gynecologist who has experience with adolescents.

Blood Coagulation Disorders↗
PubMed1985

[Prevalence of 7 microorganisms in abnormal vaginal secretions (vaginitis)].

Seven microorganisms (N. gonorrhoeae, C. albicans, T. vaginalis, G. vaginalis, M. hominis, U. urealyticum and Streptococcus of group B) have been assayed in genital samplings of 164 asymptomatic women (control group) and of 374 women suffering from abnormal vaginal secretions (vaginitis group). All these bacteria except group B Streptococci were isolated in the vaginitis group more frequently than in the control group (p less than 0.01). The proportion of negative cultures for all tested bacteria was 39% in the control group and 6.4% in the vaginitis group (p less than 0.01). This shows an association of these bacteria with 70% of the patients of the vaginitis group and with only 26% of the women of the control group (p less than 0.01). It is to be noted that the pH values are higher in the group of women with vaginitis than in the control group (p less than 0.01). Comparison of the microbial flora during "specific" an "non-specific" vaginitis indicates that G. vaginalis is isolated more frequently in patients with non-specific vaginitis than among those with specific vaginitis (p less than 0.01). Likewise, M. hominis is isolated more frequently in groups of women with either non-specific vaginitis or T. vaginalis vaginitis, than in groups of patients with a C. albicans vaginitis (p less than 0,01). The results of this study indicate that there is a causal relationship between vaginitis and the presence of T. vaginalis. C. albicans, G. vaginalis, M. hominis or N. gonorrhoeae, either as a single or a mixed infection, and that there is a relationship between increased pH values and abnormal vaginal secretions.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

The management of the patient with abnormal vaginal cytology following hysterectomy.

Thirty-two patients presenting with abnormal vaginal cytology following hysterectomy were studied. Seven (21.8%) had had hysterectomy for benign conditions whilst 25 (78.1%) had cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) or invasive cervical carcinoma. Twenty-five patients had partial or total vaginectomy (15 as the primary procedure), and one required laser treatment following vaginectomy. Of 11 (34.3%) patients treated primarily by laser, five subsequently required vaginectomy because of persistent or recurrent cytological abnormality. All four patients treated with topical 5-fluorouracil or dinitrochlorobenzene subsequently required surgery. Nine of the 32 patients (28.1%) proved to have invasive carcinoma of the vagina on histological examination of the vaginectomy specimen. At the time of writing all patients in the study are well with no evidence of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

The possible role of hemidesmosomes in neonatally estrogen-induced selection of a permanently altered abnormal vaginal epithelium.

In untreated and neonatally-estrogenized (E) Balb/c mice the numbers of hemidesmosomes per basal cell cross section (HD/bccs) gradually increases from 0.07 HD/bccs on day 1 to about 2 to 3 HD/bccs on day 4 postpartum. In untreated mice the incidence of HD's increases and plateaus at 6 to 7 HD/bccs on days 5 and 8, while during this same period in E-treated mice the incidence is increased to 14 to 15 HD/bccs. In 5-day-old E-treated mice two types of basal vaginal epithelial cells can be recognized: basophilic cells rich in HD (19.5 +/- 2.1 HD/bccs) and light cells containing only 5.3 +/- 3.3 HD/bccs. The basophilic, HD-rich cells appear to replace the lighter HD-poor cells. The hypothesis that HD's are involved in the estradiol-induced selection of an abnormal vaginal epithelium is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Prevalence of genital herpes simplex infection and abnormal vaginal cytology in late pregnancy in asymptomatic patients.

A study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection in 809 asymptomatic, late pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic (ANC) at Ramathibodi Hospital. There was only one case where the cervico-vaginal swab specimen was positive for HSV by cultivation and the biotin-streptavidin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (B-SA ELISA), for detection of viral antigens. This gave a prevalence rate of 0.12%. The anti-HSV IgM in cord blood of the infant born to this mother was negative. The Papanicolaou (Pap) smear was performed in 554 cases, including the above patient, but none showed evidence of HSV infection. The high prevalence of lower genital tract infection in these subjects was noted in both Pap smear (31.05%) and wet preparation of the cervico-vaginal discharge (46.72%). Thus, examination of the cervico-vaginal discharge during late pregnancy should be of benefit to the patients, in revealing asymptomatic infections of the lower genital tract.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Vaginal abnormalities in ovariectomized BALB/cCrgl mice after neonatal exposure to different doses of diethylstilbestrol.

Newborn BALB/cCrgl female mice received five daily injections of various doses of diethylstilbestrol (DES), 0.0001-10 micrograms. Mice were killed at 6 days of age or at 4 months after ovariectomy at 40-42 days. Subepithelial nodules of polygonal cells in the upper (Mullerian) vagina during early postnatal life were associated with the later occurrence of ovary-independent persistent stratification with or without cornification in mice treated neonatally with 0.1-10 micrograms DES and thus are a possible predictor of this phenomenon. The thresholds for the induction of ovary-independent epithelial pegs, downgrowths and adenosis (glandular formations) were 0.1 microgram and 0.5 microgram DES/day, respectively.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

Vaginal abnormalities.

The embryologic development of the vagina is still disputed. The urogenital sinus and the mesonephric (wolffian) and paramesonephric (müllerian) ducts probably all play a role in the development of the vagina. Duplication, agenesis, mesonephric duct remnants, and hymen abnormalities are among the more common congenital anomalies of the vagina.

Female↗