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Results for “Vaginal Barrier Methods”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1989

A study of the vaginal contraceptive sponge used with and without the fertility awareness method.

The actual effectiveness rates of natural and barrier methods of family planning are lower than the theoretical ones. If couples accurately defined the limits of the fertile phase and used barriers at that time, then actual effectiveness might increase. A randomized, controlled clinical trial was initiated to determine the effectiveness of the contraceptive sponge used only during the fertile time and to compare this with sponge use at every intercourse. Recruitment problems and discontinuation forced the early termination of this study, but qualitative information about compliance and acceptability was collected. Common sponge problems were reported as were misuses of the sponge, but problems and misuse were not related. Determination of the fertile phase was reportedly easy, but complaints of and discontinuation for inconvenience occurred. For unplanned pregnancies, contraceptive behaviors around the time of conception are presented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Fitting a diaphragm.

Following persistent publicity about the possible side effects of hormonal contraceptives, intrauterine devices, and even sterilisation, many women contemplate the use of a diaphragm as their possible chosen method of contraception. In this article the practical aspects of fitting a diaphragm are described.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Collagen sponge as vaginal contraceptive barrier: critical summary of seven years of research.

Extensive testing of collagen sponge as a vaginal contraceptive (mechanical and chemical) showed that the original expectations regarding the safety, convenience, and efficacy were not met. The collagen sponge was tested both as a cylinder and as a diaphragm and used as such or impregnated with spermicidal detergent or with zinc salt. The collagen sponge must be larger than 6 cm in diameter in order to serve as a mechanical barrier that will not be dislodged during physical activity. This creates problems with the ease of insertion and with the partners' awareness of the barrier. When the collagen sponge containing ejaculate is left in the vagina greater than 48 hours, it develops an offensive odor. The original acidity of the collagen sponge (pH 3.5, 0.1 mol/L) is soon neutralized by the large volume of alkaline vaginal secretions. In vitro studies showed that up to 10 mg of nonoxynol 9 per milliliter of growth medium did not inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. These effects, as well as the large surface area of the resilient sponge, present a potential risk for growing staphylococci within the collagen sponge. The capacity of the collagen sponge to absorb a large volume of cervical and vaginal fluid produced two symptoms that were annoying to the volunteers: an awareness of either vaginal dryness during intercourse or, conversely, saturation of the sponge from the vagina. Postcoital studies showed viable spermatozoa in the cervical mucus in 25% of the tests with the nonmedicated cylindrical sponge but in only 6% of tests with the sponge containing nonoxynol 9. The results of clinical trials conducted at four centers support the view that collagen sponge as a vaginal contraceptive barrier method is inconvenient to both partners, not effective enough to compete with present methods of vaginal contraception, and possibly might be unsafe because of the capacity to grow bacteria. Despite the negative end result of this goal-oriented research, we believe that our studies have contributed to a better understanding of vaginal physiologic features, the safety and effectiveness of spermicidal detergents, and the mechanisms of vaginal malodor. Although the acceptability study showed some advantages of the collagen sponge over the rubber diaphragm, the overall acceptability of the collagen sponge diaphragm was no better than that of the rubber diaphragm. For all these reasons, including the possible risk of an increased incidence of toxic shock syndrome, we have discontinued further testing of either type of collagen sponge as a vaginal barrier method.

Collagen↗
PubMed1990

Contraception survey: Denmark 1988.

In 1988 a survey** was conducted in 1,033 women living in Denmark, whose ages ranged from 15 to 44 years. The main aims of the study were to identify the influence, if any, of demographic and socioeconomic factors on contraceptive use and to assess the women's knowledge of selected facts concerning their own fertility. The study's additional objectives were to gain insight into factors influencing communication on the subject of contraception, such as advice obtained from professional counsellors, general information dissemination and discussion between partners, and to investigate women's attitudes and opinions regarding contraceptive methods and their use. The results are discussed in relation to the findings of other studies on the use of contraceptives both worldwide and in a number of European countries. The Danish findings are also examined in the context of possible action to reduce the relatively high rate of legally induced abortions in Denmark.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

[The female condom].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Contraceptive Devices, Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Oral contraceptive pill use after an initial visit to a family planning clinic.

A retrospective study of 1,311 women making initial family planning visits to metropolitan-area health department clinics found that many women switch methods or discontinue use in the first year following the clinic visits. Among a subgroup of women, most of whom selected the pill as their primary method and who used the pill for at least one of the months in the study period, almost half either changed methods or used no method at some point during a follow-up period averaging eight months. This includes 13 percent of women who made two or more changes. In addition, only 42 percent said they took a pill every day, and only half of these said they always took their pill at about the same time every day. Despite such irregularities, pill users were approximately one-third as likely to get pregnant during the study period as women making an initial family planning visit to a health department clinic who did not use the pill at all.

Contraception Behavior↗
PubMed1985

Use of the Today contraceptive sponge in the United States.

Use of the TODAY contraceptive sponge in the U.S. has been monitored in three ways since it became an OTC product in June, 1983: The Phase III clinical trials in the U.S. were extended for a second year (Life Table method efficacy rate for a second year of use = 96.6%; N = 103). The manufacturer has solicited comments and complaints from family planning professionals and from women who purchased sponges over-the-counter. One complaint has been received for every 33,000 sponges distributed, primarily related to removal difficulty, infection and allergy to spermicide. By December of 1984, there were an estimated 1.25 million sponge users in the U.S. Voluntary, spontaneous reporting to regulatory or health agencies has tracked case reports of toxic shock syndrome (TSS) in sponge users. To date 13 cases have been reported with over 25 million sponges sold. The risk of TSS in sponge users is thus very small and may not represent an increased risk over baseline.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1990

The female condom. A pilot study of the acceptability of a new female barrier method.

The best available prevention against sexually transmitted diseases is limited to a consistent and correct use of a condom by the male. A new barrier method has been developed for the female. As it can be inserted into the vagina before sexual intercourse starts, and as it covers the entrance of the vagina, the opening of the urethra and the root of the penis, it is presumed to give a high degree of protection against sexually transmitted diseases and unwanted pregnancy. The preliminary results concerning acceptability are promising, and further investigations concerning acceptability and efficacy are in progress or completed in several countries. The method should be regarded as one aspect in the pattern of protection, particularly suitable for females with sexual risk behavior.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A comparison of satisfaction with types of diaphragms among women in a college population.

Since the 1940s diaphragms have been a popular contraceptive device used by women in the United States. This study compared three popular diaphragms and women's subjective comparisons of comfort, ease of insertion, and overall satisfaction. None of the three types, the wideseal, coil spring, or arcing spring, was found to be statistically more comfortable or easier to insert. For overall satisfaction, women were more pleased with the coil spring than the wideseal (p = .0416 at two to four weeks, p = .0759 at four to six months, and p = .0049 at one year). Women who used the arcing spring and wideseal were more pleased with the wideseal at two to four weeks (p = .0571). No significant difference was found at one year. The study results demonstrate that certain diaphragm styles may improve women's use of and satisfaction with the diaphragm.

Consumer Behavior↗