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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Prevalence of G. vaginalis, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma, T. vaginalis, yeast, N. gonorrhoeae and other bacteria in women with vaginal discharge].

Vaginal discharge of 118 women attended to outdoor clinics of obstetrics and gynaecology at Medical Faculty of Ankara University (A.U.T.F.), have been examined. Direct microscopy has been made by means of wet mount, Gram and Giemsa staining. Vaginal pH has been measured, by 10% KOH the presence of "fishy odor" has been investigated. For culturing vaginal secretions in Amies transport medium have been brought to Microbiology Department of Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine Inoculations have been made on to Blood agar, MacConkey agar, Sabouraud Dextrose agar, New York City. Medium, % 5 Human blood bilayer Tween 80 Medium (HBT), Vivey Trichomonas Agar Medium and into M-broth and U9 broth. In this study, we have isolated 9 (7.62%) Gardnerella vaginalis, 41 (33.89%) Ureaplasma, 13 (11.01%) Mycoplasma, 25 (21.18%) yeasts, 4 (3.38%) Trichomonas vaginalis and 43 (36.46%) various bacteria, 26 cases were found to have polymicrobial etiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Facilitation of the diagnosis of colpitis in pregnancy: the line test as a quantitative parameter of vaginal discharge].

To define the vaginal discharge in pregnancy with a numeric quantitative parameter and to determine out its pathognomonic importance, the vaginal discharge of 140 pregnant and 33 non pregnant women was examined and the women were asked to indicate the subjective degree of discharge in a visual linear analog scale (Line-test). Pregnant woman marked high Line test values more frequently than non pregnants irrespective of detection of a vaginitis. With increasing gestational age and parity higher Line test values were found irrespective of the frequency of vaginitis. With a cut off level of 80 mm, the specificity of the Line test concerning vaginitis is high below cut-off, the possibility to have vaginitis is increased. The Line test is simple to use and - because of its specificity and sensitivity - has been found useful in evaluating the degree of vaginal discharge.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of clinical algorithms for the diagnosis of gonococcal and chlamydial infections among men with urethral discharge or dysuria and women with vaginal discharge in Benin.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity of clinical algorithms proposed in Benin for the diagnosis of gonococcal or chlamydial infections among men with urethral discharge or dysuria and women with vaginal discharge consulting health services in Benin. These algorithms were adapted from those proposed by the World Health Organisation. METHODS: Consecutive patients with these symptoms were enrolled at three primary healthcare centres. The reference test for gonorrhoea was a combination of results from culture and polymerase chain reaction and chlamydial infection was ascertained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and PCR. In women, two algorithms were evaluated, one based on symptoms and risk assessment (algorithm A), the other relying also on speculum examination (algorithm B). The first algorithm evaluated in men relied on clinical examination only (algorithm C) whereas the other used microscopic examination of urethral smears (algorithm D). Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of these algorithms were assessed using standard methods. RESULTS: In 192 women, the prevalence of gonococcal and chlamydial infections was 5.7% and 2.1% respectively (combined prevalence of 7.8%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of algorithm A (algorithm B) were respectively 86.7% (93.3%), 41.8% (34.5%), 11.2% (10.8%), and 97.4% (98.4%). In 105 men, the corresponding prevalences were 39.0% and 7.6% respectively (for a combined prevalence of 44.8%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of algorithm C (algorithm D) were respectively 91.5% (87.2%), 60.3% (67.2%), 65.2% (68.3%), and 89.7% (86.7%). CONCLUSION: A syndromic approach for the diagnosis of urethritis in men appears appropriate. In women, the diagnosis of gonococcal or chlamydial infection without specific laboratory tests, which are not easily affordable in developing countries, remains highly problematic.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of HIV among women with vaginal discharge in a gynecological clinic.

OBJECTIVE: Vaginal discharge is a common complaint among women with sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in Nigeria. Given the association between STDs and HIV and the alarming rise in the prevalence of HIV in Nigeria, we performed this study to determine the prevalence of HIV in patients with vaginal discharge. STUDY DESIGN: Between April 2000 and August 2000, women who attended the Lagos University Teaching Hospital and complained of vaginal discharge were adequately counseled for HIV serotest. High vaginal/endocervical swabs and venous blood were taken for microbiological studies and HIV serotest, respectively. RESULTS: Out of the 230 women counseled for HIV serotest 140 (60.9%) consented. The mean age of the 140 was 31.1+/-6.9 years (range 18-50 years). In 31 (22.1%), Candida albicans was isolated, in 26 Gardnerella vaginalis (18.8%), in 17 Staphylococcal spp. (12.1%); and E. coli, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Neisseria gonococcus in 7.9%, 4.3%, and 1.4%, respectively. Four (2.9%) of the 140 patients were HIV seropositive, and all had Candida albicans isolated. The prevalence of HIV among patients with Candida albicans was 12.9%. Association between HIV seropositivity and Candida albicans infection is significant (X2=14.48; p=0.002). CONCLUSION: Candida albicans is a common cause of vaginal discharge among HIV-seropositive women in Lagos.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Premenarchal vaginal discharge: findings of procedures to rule out foreign bodies.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Vaginal discharge in children is a common gynecologic complaint and may be resistant to symptomatic and/or antibiotic treatment. In recurrent or unresponsive patients, an evaluation to rule out a foreign body is traditionally recommended. The objective of this study is to review cases of vaginal discharge referred to our institution and assess outcome and diagnosis in those who required irrigation or vaginoscopy to rule out a foreign body.A retrospective chart review was performed on all premenarchal girls identified through the University of Michigan Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology Clinic database who were seen for evaluation of vaginal discharge between June 1996 and December 2001. The records were reviewed for age, length of time of discharge, aspects of discharge, procedures done to rule out foreign bodies, and findings of such procedures. SETTING: The study was performed in a tertiary care university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-one premenarchal girls were evaluated for vaginal discharge. The average age was 6.0 yr (range 3 months-11 yr). RESULTS: The average duration of vaginal discharge prior to presentation was 13.7 months (range 1-42 months). Of the 41 girls, 18 girls underwent 1 procedure each, 2 girls underwent 2 procedures each, and 1 girl underwent 5 procedures. Ten vaginal irrigations in clinic were performed in 7 girls, 3 by the referring physician and 7 by us. These irrigations removed a foreign body (tissue paper) in 4 of 10 (40%) cases, 3 at our institution and 1 at an outside institution. In the three irrigation cases with foreign bodies performed at our institution, the foreign body was visible on genital examination prior to the irrigation. Seventeen vaginoscopies under anesthesia were performed in 16 girls, 5 by the referring physician and 12 by us. In the girls who underwent a vaginoscopy under anesthesia a foreign body was found in 3 of 17 (17.6%). The other findings of the vaginoscopies included: biopsy-proven severe dermatitis with no infection in 1 patient, lymphatic duct chylous drainage in 1 patient, nonspecific vulvovaginitis in 11 patients, and normal exam with eventual diagnosis of malingering in 1 patient. In all cases where a foreign body was identified, the patient presented with bloody or brown discharge. CONCLUSIONS: Foreign bodies as a cause of persistent vaginal discharge in a tertiary care referral clinic were identified in 4 of 41 girls (9.8%) and 7 of 27 procedures (25.9%). One child had recurrent foreign bodies removed during 4 of 5 procedures for discharge. In children with persistent vaginal discharge, vaginal irrigation was feasible in older children (average age 7.7 yr). However, no foreign bodies were removed by irrigation that had not already been visually identified prior to the procedure. Exam under anesthesia and vaginoscopy allowed the identification of foreign bodies, and it facilitated the diagnosis of other unusual conditions.

Child↗
PubMed1984

Male hamster investigatory and copulatory responses to vaginal discharge: relationship to the endocrine status of females.

The ability of vaginal discharge from ovariectomized (OVEX) or hypophysectomized (HYPOX) female hamsters to elicit intense genital investigation and to facilitate overt copulatory behavior in males was compared with that of estrous vaginal discharge. The discharges were collected by vaginal lavage with water. In order to avoid exposure of experimental males to female stimuli other than vaginal discharge, the behavioral tests employed anesthetized males (female surrogates) whose hindquarters were scented with the collected vaginal material or with control solvent (water). Both the OVEX and HYPOX discharges elicited intense genital investigation and significantly increased the incidence of intromission attempts toward the scented surrogates. However, both types of discharge had significantly less behavioral activity than estrous vaginal discharge. In a subsequent experiment, a water dilution series of estrous vaginal discharge was tested for the ability to promote genital investigation and copulatory behavior toward scented surrogates. The amount of discharge typically extruded by one estrous female in response to tactile genital stimulation can be diluted one hundred-fold without appreciable reductions in its behavioral activity. These results demonstrate that the behavioral activity of hamster vaginal discharge is related to the endocrine status of females, and suggest that previous failures to demonstrate clear dependence on ovarian function might have been due to ceiling effects in laboratory tests.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Vaginal microbial flora in women with and without vaginal discharge registered in general practice.

To compare the microbiological findings for patients with and without vaginal discharge, 29 general practitioners registered 361 women with and 229 women without complaints of vaginal discharge in a multi-practice study in the county of Aarhus, Denmark. In five of the patients (1.4%) with vaginal discharge, Neisseria gonorrhoeae was isolated compared with one (0.4%) in women without vaginal discharge. Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated in 30 (8.3%) and nine (3.9) respectively, Candida in 113 (31.3%) and 44 (19.2%), Gardnerella vaginalis in 187 (51.8%) and 93 (40.6%), and Trichomonas vaginalis in 10 (2.8%) and one (0.4%). The criteria of bacterial vaginosis were fulfilled by 129 (35.7%) women with vaginal discharge, and by 19 (8.3%) without symptoms. Except for T. vaginalis and N. gonorrhoeae, the microorganisms were significantly (p less than 0.05) more frequent among patients with than without vaginal discharge. C. trachomatis was found in 25 (11%) women under the age of 25, compared to 14 (4%) aged 25 years or older (p less than 0.01). The isolation rates of the other microorganisms were not related to age. G. vaginalis was found in high concentrations in 73% of those harbouring this bacterium. No difference in concentration was found between women with and without vaginal discharge (p less than 0.05).

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Trial of characterizing bacterial strains isolated from vaginal discharge of girls].

Evaluation of vaginal discharge in children. Vulvovaginitis is one of the most common problems in clinical medicine and it is the cause cited most often for visits of children to gynecologists. The purpose of the study was to examine vaginal discharge and the sensitivity of there microorganisms to antibiotics. In this study the most (prevalent organism) was Escherichia coli (47.5%). We observed high sensitivity of Escherichia coli to examined antibiotics.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Rapid and inexpensive approaches to managing abnormal vaginal discharge or lower abdominal pain: an evaluation in women attending gynaecology and family planning clinics in Peru.

OBJECTIVES: To assess low abdominal pain, yellow vaginal discharge, other symptoms and signs, and demographic and behavioural variables as predictors for cervical or vaginal infection. METHODS: A cross sectional study of women attending gynaecology and family planning clinics in Lima, Peru was undertaken. 630 consecutive eligible female patients with chief or elicited complaints of yellow vaginal discharge, low abdominal pain, or both were interviewed and examined, together with a comparable reference group without these complaints. Vaginal specimens were tested for trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis. Endocervical specimens were tested for Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis using the ligase chain reaction. RESULTS: Infections found included chlamydial infection in 69 women (10.9%), gonorrhoea in 10 (1.6%), and either infection in 77 (12.2%); trichomoniasis in 46 (7.3%), bacterial vaginosis in 189 (30%), and either infection in 209 (33.2%). Cervical infection with C trachomatis and/or N gonorrhoeae was independently associated with history of a new sex partner within the last 3 months, more than one sex partner within the last year, use of condoms never or in less than 50% of sex acts, history of sex partner with STD within the last year; with symptoms of persistent low abdominal pain and of yellow vaginal discharge; and with signs of profuse and yellow vaginal discharge, cervical ectopy, easily induced endocervical bleeding, or brown cervical secretion. Using these findings, an algorithm was created that had a positive predictive value (PPV) of 36% for cervical infection among women reporting chief or elicited complaint of this abnormal vaginal discharge and a PPV of 25% among those without a complaint. A chief complaint of yellow vaginal discharge had a PPV of 50% for trichomoniasis or bacterial vaginosis. Among women without a chief complaint of yellow vaginal discharge, clinical findings of yellow vaginal discharge had a PPV of 55%. CONCLUSIONS: Where economic and technical constraints preclude testing, clinical findings and risk assessment are helpful in detecting vaginal and cervical infections. Several demographic, behavioural, clinical, and laboratory variables were predictive of infection in this population.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1984

Chemical studies of hamster vaginal discharge: effects of endocrine ablation and protein digestion on behaviorally active macromolecular fractions.

Our previous studies have demonstrated that macromolecular fractions of hamster vaginal discharge elicit intense genital investigation and facilitate copulatory behavior toward anesthetized males (female surrogates) whose hindquarters have been scented with these fractions, and that the aphrodisiac activity is significantly reduced in the vaginal discharge of ovariectomized (OVEX) or hypophysectomized (HYPOX) females. The present series of studies compared the protein compositions of estrous, diestrous, OVEX, and HYPOX vaginal discharge, and assessed whether protein digestion of estrous vaginal discharge affects its aphrodisiac activity. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of vaginal lavages showed that the endocrine status of females has a profound effect on the protein composition of the vaginal discharge. The concentration of the major proteins dropped by about ten-fold in going from the estrous to the diestrous condition. The concentration of these same proteins appear to be at least another order of magnitude lower in the vaginal discharges of OVEX and HYPOX females. These major proteins had molecular weights greater than 10,000 Daltons. A macromolecular fraction of estrous vaginal discharge isolated by gel filtration at elevated temperature (conditions known to separate some protein-bound steroids) and containing proteins of molecular weight greater than 10,000 Daltons was found to be modestly but significantly less active than estrous discharge in its ability to elicit intense genital investigation, and not significantly different from estrous discharge in its ability to facilitate overt copulatory behavior toward scented surrogates. Pronase digestion of the proteins in this fraction did not alter its effects on investigatory behavior toward scented surrogates but significantly reduced its ability to facilitate copulatory behavior.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Vaginal discharge in general practice--women's perceptions, beliefs and behaviour.

OBJECTIVES: To describe women's perceptions and beliefs about their vaginal secretion and to relate these to their behaviour with respect to complaints of vaginal discharge. DESIGN: A multi-practice study including questionnaires for women and doctors and a semi-structured interview study. SETTING: North Jutland County and Aarhus County, Denmark. SUBJECTS: 283 women with and 417 women without complaints of vaginal discharge answered a questionnaire about their vaginal secretion. Ten women with vaginal discharge took part in the in-depth interviews. RESULTS: 179/274 (65%) women with and 111/417 (27%) women without complaints of vaginal discharge were bothered by their usual secretion. In 54/269 (20%) women with complaints, the pelvic examination was normal. In 59/416 (14%) women without complaints, the doctor found an abnormal vaginal secretion. Most women complaining of vaginal discharge had an external locus of control in relation to their symptoms, but an internal locus of control in relation to health in general. Fear of having a serious disease or a sexually transmitted disease was the reason for the visit to the general practitioner in 164/281 (58%). CONCLUSION: Women's perceptions and beliefs about their vaginal secretion varied and were related to their health seeking behaviour. In addition to information about possible biological causes of vaginal discharge, the general practitioner should also actively seek information about the women's perception of normality and beliefs in relation to the symptoms she experiences.

Adult↗