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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Vascular neoplasms.

Vascular neoplasms in the broad sense represent a very common group of tumors or hamartomas that show great variability in gross appearance, microscopic appearance, and clinical course. Generally, neoplasms are composed of one cell type, but vascular neoplasms are collections of endothelial-lined tubes or tubules with connective tissue walls that may contain smooth muscle cells, pericytes, and nerve elements according to the specific tissues of origin. The classification of vascular neoplasms as outlined in this article attempts to delineate each tumor or hamartoma according to its histologic appearance and clinical behavior. The clinical course ranges from completely benign, self-involuting malformations such as the strawberry hemangioma to highly malignant angiosarcomas with their rapid growth and frequent metastases. Defects in the lymphatic system show gradations from simple lymphangiomas through lymphedema and lymphangiectasia, which can probably be explained by faulty embryologic development. Management of these lesions has been discussed, including brief descriptions of most of the currently accepted treatment methods for these frequently encountered clinical problems.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Follicular dendritic cell tumor and vascular neoplasm complicating hyaline-vascular Castleman's disease.

The localized form of hyaline-vascular Castleman's disease may rarely be complicated by a vascular neoplasm, which appears to arise in a background of vascular hyperplasia. We report a case complicated by follicular dendritic cell tumor, a hitherto undescribed occurrence that is expected from the presence of a "dysplastic" component of follicular dendritic cells in Castleman's disease. The patient had a large tumor mass in the mesocolon, associated with multiple small peritoneal deposits. The lesion showed typical histologic features of follicular dendritic cell tumor with storiform arrangement of spindly cells and admixture of small lymphocytes. The follicular dendritic cell nature of the tumor was confirmed by immunoreactivity with CD21 and CD35 antibodies and by ultrastructural demonstration of cell processes connected by desmosomes. Hyaline-vascular follicles were identified at the peripheral portion or occasionally scattered in the center of the tumor. Rarely, follicle-like structures were formed by tumor cells, possibly representing in situ malignant change. In addition, there was a small focus of vascular neoplasm comprising well-formed pericyte-rich small blood vessels devoid of cellular atypia. This report of the development of follicular dendritic cell tumor in Castleman's disease therefore completes the picture in that tumors corresponding to each cell type that proliferates in Castleman's disease have now been documented.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spontaneous vascular neoplasms in aged Sprague-Dawley rats.

Primary benign and malignant vascular neoplasms occurred spontaneously in 8 of 710 male (1.1%) and 4 of 710 female (0.6%) Crl:CD Br strain Sprague-Dawley rats employed in two 2-yr oncogenicity studies (1,400) and as controls in a 1-yr toxicity study (20). Four of 13 neoplasms were found in the spleen; skin and kidney each had 2 neoplasms. Single vascular neoplasms were in the liver, testicle, uterus, mesenteric lymph node, and vagina. Hemangioma was more common (5 males, 2 females) than hemangiosarcoma (3 males, 2 females). Vascular neoplasms were considered the cause of death in 2 females, both with hemangiosarcomas involving the spleen or kidney. One male had 2 primary hemangiomas in separate organs. Vascular neoplasms are infrequently reported [1/82 females (1.2%), 1961; 9/880 both sexes (1.0%), 1985] in this rat strain. The incidence of vascular neoplasms of this report was higher in males (9) than in females (4), in contrast to incidences reported in the literature.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Vascular neoplasms of the parotid gland. Parotid vascular tumors.

Vascular neoplasms of the parotid gland are common in early childhood, particularly in females. We reviewed the clinical, histologic, and treatment details of 10 cases of hemangiomas and one case of lymphangioma that involved the parotid gland. Histologically, the cellularity and increased division figures in these lesions should not be interpreted as a sign of a malignant condition. A watchful expectancy for spontaneous regression and preservation of the facial nerve at surgery are advocated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Ovarian teratomas with florid benign vascular proliferation: a distinctive finding associated with the neural component of teratomas that may be confused with a vascular neoplasm.

Prominent benign vascular proliferations associated with neural tissue in five cases of ovarian teratoma are described. The ages of the patients ranged from 15 to 35 years. Three of the five had tumors confined to the ovary, one had peritoneal implants, and one had widespread metastatic immature teratoma. Two of the patients are alive and well, 8 and 9 years postoperatively. Follow-up is unavailable in two cases and the final case was recent. The tumor in three of the cases had features of mature cystic teratoma including abundant mature neural tissue and, in one instance, microscopic foci of primitive neuroepithelium. The tumor in the fourth case was an immature teratoma with abundant primitive neuroepithelium, and in the fifth case was a mixed germ cell tumor, composed mostly of immature teratoma with a minor component of yolk sac tumor. In all the tumors there was a prominent vascular proliferation composed of long thin-walled, curved vessels or a solid glomeruloid arrangement. Immunohistochemistry done in two cases confirmed the vascular nature of the proliferation. Angiogenesis, likely as an expression of vascular endothelial growth factors, is a well-known phenomenon in a variety of neural and neuroendocrine neoplasms, in particular high-grade gliomas. However, very few cases of this phenomenon have been described in association with neural tissue in the ovary. Recognition of this proliferation as a benign secondary one is important to avoid misdiagnosis of a vascular neoplasm or an immature teratoma, as happened in one of our cases.

Actins↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of anti-thrombomodulin antibody as a tumor marker for vascular neoplasms.

BACKGROUND: Various endothelial markers are available for the evaluation of vascular tumors and malformations, including anti CD34, anti-CD31, von Willebrand factor (vWF), and anti-thrombomodulin (anti-TM) antibodies. All have their limitations, and we sought to compare the utility of anti-TM antibody as a marker for several types of vascular neoplasms vs. previously established endothelial markers. METHODS: We examined immunostaining profiles of 30 capillary hemangiomas, 10 pyogenic granulomas, five tufted angiomas, 17 Kaposi's sarcomas, and nine angiosarcomas. Immunostains for TM, CD34, and vWF were carried out using a labeled streptavidin-biotin peroxidase detection system. RESULTS: Anti-TM antibody showed moderately intense immunostaining in 89% of benign and malignant vascular neoplasms. Anti-CD34 antibody showed moderate to diffuse immunostaining in 98% of vascular neoplasms, and vWF showed weak focal staining in 84% of all vascular neoplasms examined. CONCLUSION: Anti-TM antibody proved to be a sensitive marker for both benign and malignant vascular neoplasms. While not as sensitive as anti-CD34, it may have some advantages in specificity that would make it a more reliable vascular tumor marker in certain situations.

Antigens, CD34↗
PubMedDate not supplied

From the archives of the AFIP: primary vascular neoplasms of the spleen: radiologic-pathologic correlation.

Primary vascular neoplasms of the spleen constitute the majority of nonhematolymphoid splenic tumors. The benign primary vascular tumors include hemangioma, hamartoma, and lymphangioma, whereas those of variable or uncertain biologic behavior include littoral cell angioma, hemangioendothelioma, and hemangiopericytoma. The primary malignant vascular neoplasm of the spleen is angiosarcoma. Peliosis is a rare lesion of unknown cause that is usually found incidentally in asymptomatic patients but may be associated with hematologic or metastatic disease. Although these vascular neoplasms of the spleen are uncommon, their importance lies in that they must be differentiated from the more common neoplastic disorders of the spleen, such as lymphoma and metastasis. The most common echogenic solid or complex cystic mass in an asymptomatic patient is splenic hemangioma. However, the imaging appearance of splenic hemangiomas may be complex, and differentiation of these lesions from malignant disease may not be possible. The diagnosis of splenic hamartoma may be suggested when findings of increased blood flow on color Doppler images are seen in association with a homogeneous solid echogenic mass. A large subcapsular solitary cystic abnormality discovered incidentally in a child in association with internal septations and tiny mural nodules favors the diagnosis of lymphangioma. Any invasion of the surrounding splenic parenchyma by a splenic lesion should indicate a more aggressive or malignant process. Evaluation of a focal splenic abnormality identified on sonograms should be followed up with computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging with and without contrast material enhancement. Splenectomy may be required for definitive evaluation of a splenic mass with atypical features.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Epithelioid and spindle-cell hemangioendothelioma of the spleen. Report of a distinctive splenic vascular neoplasm of childhood.

A case of a distinctive vascular neoplasm of the spleen in a 3-year-old boy is described. The tumor was characterized histologically by a biphasic growth pattern, with discrete nodular areas composed of atypical round, epithelioid cells with large nuclei and prominent nucleoli, and areas showing an intricate proliferation of vascular channels lined by elongated spindle cells. Immunohistochemical studies showed cytoplasmic staining of the tumor cells with factor VIII-related antigen, Ulex europaeus lectin, and vimentin antibodies. Stains for keratin, actin, desmin, lysozyme, and S-100 protein were negative in the tumor cells. Electron microscopy revealed a fairly cohesive population of cells that contained mature and immature cell junctions, basal lamina material, and surface pinocytotic activity consistent with vascular endothelial cells. Five-year follow-up has shown the patient to be alive and free of disease. This case appears to represent a previously unreported primary vascular neoplasm of the spleen showing combined features of epithelioid and spindle-cell hemangioendothelioma. The lesion should be distinguished from other benign and malignant vascular proliferations of the spleen such as Kaposi's sarcoma, angiosarcoma, and the recently described littoral-cell angioma.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1999

Angiomatoid neuroendocrine carcinoma of the thymus: report of a distinctive morphological variant of neuroendocrine tumor of the thymus resembling a vascular neoplasm.

Three cases of primary thymic neuroendocrine tumors characterized by prominent angiomatoid features that resembled a vascular neoplasm are presented. The patients were all men between 52 and 59 years of age who presented with chest pain and shortness of breath attributable to a large anterior mediastinal mass. The lesions ranged in size from 6 cm to 15 cm in greatest diameter, and were grossly soft and well circumscribed, but not encapsulated. The cut surface was remarkable for multiple blood-filled cyst-like spaces admixed with focal solid, hemorrhagic areas. Histologically, the tumors contained multiple cystically dilated spaces filled with blood which imparted the lesion with a striking angiomatoid appearance. The walls of the cysts were lined by a monotonous proliferation of round to oval cells with distinct cell borders, round central nuclei, and abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Mitotic activity was present in all cases and varied from 3 to 8 mitoses per 10 high-power fields. Immunohistochemical studies performed in two cases showed positivity of the tumor cells for keratin, Leu 7, and synaptophysin, and focal chromogranin positivity in one. Follow-up information obtained in two patients showed that both had died of tumor 4 and 8 years after initial diagnosis. The present cases show an unusual morphological appearance of thymic neuroendocrine tumors that may be mistaken for a vascular neoplasm. Immunohistochemical stains may be of importance in such instances in arriving at the correct diagnosis.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed1995

Angiomatoid features in fibrohistiocytic sarcomas. Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and clinical distinction from vascular neoplasms.

The typical example of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) or dermatofibrosarcoma protruberans (DFSP) does not require ancillary studies for diagnosis. However, hemorrhage with cystic change consisting of blood-filled spaces may closely mimic a vascular neoplasm. Eight fibrohistiocytic sarcomas exhibiting these angiomatoid features, initially mistaken for vascular neoplasms, were identified from personal consultation files and review of 157 consecutive sarcomas (1985 through 1993) at the University of California-(Davis) Medical Center. They included five MFH giant-cell-type sarcomas, two MFH angiomatoid-type sarcomas, and one DFSP. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraffin-embedded material showed vimentin diffuse positive, CD68 (KP-1) diffuse positive, and factor VIII negative in all eight sarcomas; actin HHF-45 focal positive in six, diffuse positive in one, and negative in one sarcoma; desmin focal positive in two and negative in six sarcomas; and S100 protein, cytokeratin AE1:AE3, cytokeratin 10.11, and EMA negative in all eight sarcomas. Electron microscopy of three tumors exhibited neoplastic cells with fibroblastic, myofibroblastic, and histiocytic features. Weibel-Palade bodies or neolumens diagnostic of vascular differentiation were absent. The clinical characteristics and behavior of these sarcomas reflect entities in the spectrum of fibrohistiocytic lineage (MFH subtypes and DFSP) rather than vascular neoplasms. Patients with deep, large, giant-cell-type MFHs did poorly (two of four patients died from disease at 8 and 25 months). Both patients with angiomatoid MFHs showed local recurrences from large incompletely excised head and neck lesions. One died of disease at 21 months and the other is free of disease 12 months following excision of a local metastasis to the opposite side of the neck. The patient with DFSP had an 18-cm locally recurrent scalp tumor that extended into bone. Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural confirmation of fibroblastic, myofibroblastic, and histiocytic lineage and exclusion of vascular differentiation help to establish the correct diagnosis in these fibrohistiocytic sarcomas with angiomatoid features. The clinicopathologic features of these eight cases reaffirm the practical utility of MFH and DFSP as diagnostic entities in the spectrum of fibrohistiocytic sarcomas.

Adult↗