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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1977

[Patulin in foods of vegetable origin. 2. Several kinds of fruit and vegetables and fruit and vegetable products (author's transl)].

Patulin was found in fruit with spontaneous brown rot (bananas, pineapples, grapes, peaches, apricots) as well as in moldy compots and in sallow-thorn juice. Fruit, vegetables and fruit and vegetable product were artificially infected with Penicillium expansum, P. urticae and Byssochlamys nivea; patulin was subsequently found in peaches, apricots, greengages, bananas, strawberries, honeydew melons, tomatoes, red and green paprika, cucumbers and carrots; in several kinds of compot, in tomato juice and tomato pulp --but not in ketchup. The influence of the temperature on growth and toxin production is different in the various fungal strains; in the temperature range of 5 degrees C to 25 degrees C, however, the possibility of patulin synthesis must nearly always be expected.

Fruit↗
PubMed1976

[Clinicopathological studies of the vegetative state--distinction between the vegetative state and brain death].

10 cases showing vegetative state and 2 cases of brain death due to severe brain damage were observed and the differences of clinicopathological findings between both states were discussed. The cases of vegetative state can be divided into three groups, first is widespread lesion in the cerebral cortex, second is in the cerebral white matter and third is in the brain stem. While, the diffuse whole brain damage including the vegetative center of the central nervous system causes brain death. We should like to emphasize that the most important structure to maintain the human life is the vital center in the brain stem, and that a human being, in whom only those function can be preserved, is possible to be alive as vegetative state. Prognostic value of the EEG indicating quality of survival noted in early stage after severe brain damage has not so important as the flat EEG revealed in brain death.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[On the phenolic acids of vegetables. IV. Hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids of vegetables and potatoes (author's transl)].

Lettuce, endive and chicory exclusively, cornsalad and sweet fennel almost exclusively contain caffeic acid derivatives beside traces of ferulic acid. Parsley exclusively and spinach almost exclusively show p-coumaric acid derivatives. Compared to root, fruit and seed vegetables the contents of phenolic acids in green leaves are considerably high. Rhubarb is the only vegetable, which contains gallic acid (chief phenolic acid) beside hydroxycinnamic, protocatechuic and vanillic acid derivatives. Furthermore hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (salicylic, gentisic and vanillic acid) occur in cornsalad, sweet fennel, parsley and spinach in small concentrations; cornsalad shows p-hydroxybenzoic acid (ca. 20 mg/kg). Onions (Allium cepa) contain almost only protocatechuic acid beside small amounts of p-hydroxybenzoic and vanillic acid. In the outer dry coloured skins protocatechuic acid reaches concentrations up to 2% of plant material; the internal pulpy tissues show lower concentrations (ca. 20 mg/kg). On the contrary to the bulbs the green leaves of onions like chive and leek contain almost exclusively compounds of ferulic and p-coumaric acid. Garlic even shows a different phenolic acid pattern of skins and internal tissues. The caffeic acid derivatives of potatoes are mainly localized to a 1--2 mm thick outer layer. The different localization of phenolic acids in the different parts of vegetable plants is discussed.

Caffeic Acids↗
PubMed1975

[Flavonols and flavones of vegetables. V. Flavonols and flavones of root vegetables (author's transl)].

Root vegetables contain flavon(ol) glycosides in tracers up to small amounts, while the level of their leaves are in part considerable (to more than 1 g/kg, calculated as aglycon). Radish, rutabagas, scorzoneras, and beets contain less than 1 mg/kg kaempferol and/or quercetin; carrots less than 1 mg/kg apigenin and luteolin; celery roots ca. 75 mg apigenin/kg and 14 mg luteolin/kg; horseradish about 20 mg kaempferol/kg and small radish 1-10 mg kaempferol/kg, whereby all these flavones and flavonols occur as glycosides in the vegetables. In leaves of small radish, variety "Eiszapfen", we found besides isoquercitrin (quercetin-3-glucoside) a quercetin-3-0-diglycoside and a kaempferol-0-diglycoside, both with the sugars rhamnose and arabinose, by tlc.

Arabinose↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Removal of atmospheric particulates by urban vegetation: implications for human and vegetative health.

A review of the literature reveals considerable evidence to support the suggestion that vegetative surfaces remove particulate matter from the atmosphere. Preliminary observations of the leaf surfaces of an important urban tree indicate the presence of numerous particulate contaminants. In view of the medical importance of fine particles in urban atmospheres, it is important to assess the efficiency of tree surfaces in particle retention. Can particulate loads be reduced below biologically significant thresholds by vegetation? Are trees acutely injured or subtly influenced in the process of this removal? A brief assessment of research needs is provided.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1975

[On the phenolic acids of vegetables. II. Hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids of fruit and seed vegetables (author's transl)].

Fruits of solanaceae (tomatoes, eggplant, and sweet peppers) almost exclusively contain hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives with caffeic acid dominating. Fruits of cucurbitaceae (cucumbers, melons, pumpkins, and zucchini) are extraordinary, because they show very low concentrations of phenolic acids (up to 10 mg/kg) accumulated in the peels. Peas and broad beans have relatively small contents of phenolic acids too. Their husks show like beans considerable concentrations of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives with dominating p-coumaric acid. In the group of hydroxybenzoic acids derivatives of salicylic, gentisic and vanillic acid could be determined frequently, but mostly as traces.

Caffeic Acids↗
PubMed1975

[On the phenolic acids of vegetables. III. Hydroxycinnamic acids and hydroxybenzoic acids of root vegetables (author's transl)].

In carrots, celeriac, scorzoneras, and horse radish caffeic acid, in small radishes p-coumaric acid, in beets ferulic acid and in radishes probably ferulic acid is dominating after hydrolysis. The contents of phenolic acids in the roots are much smaller than in the corresponding leaves. Carrots, small radishes, horse radish and partially scorzoneras show higher concentrations of phenolic acids in outer tissue layers. In contrary to hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives the contents of hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives (p-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, salicylic and gentisic acid) mostly were small. Partially hydroxycoumarins (aesculetin and scopoletin) identified.

Caffeic Acids↗
PubMed2018

TAS2R38 Predisposition to Bitter Taste Associated with Differential Changes in Vegetable Intake in Response to a Community-Based Dietary Intervention.

Although vegetable consumption associates with decreased risk for a variety of diseases, few Americans meet dietary recommendations for vegetable intake. TAS2R38 encodes a taste receptor that confers bitter taste sensing from chemicals found in some vegetables. Common polymorphisms in TAS2R38 lead to coding substitutions that alter receptor function and result in the loss of bitter taste perception. Our study examined whether bitter taste perception TAS2R38 diplotypes associated with vegetable consumption in participants enrolled in either an enhanced or a minimal nutrition counseling intervention. DNA was isolated from the peripheral blood cells of study participants (N = 497) and analyzed for polymorphisms. Vegetable consumption was determined using the Block Fruit and Vegetable screener. We tested for differences in the frequency of vegetable consumption between intervention and genotype groups over time using mixed effects models. Baseline vegetable consumption frequency did not associate with bitter taste diplotypes (P = 0.937), however after six months of the intervention, we observed an interaction between bitter taste diplotypes and time (P = 0.046). Participants in the enhanced intervention increased their vegetable consumption frequency (P = 0.020) and within this intervention group, the bitter non-tasters and intermediate-bitter tasters had the largest increase in vegetable consumption. In contrast, in the minimal intervention group, the bitter tasting participants reported a decrease in vegetable consumption. Bitter-non tasters and intermediate-bitter tasters increased vegetable consumption in either intervention more than those who perceive bitterness. Future precision medicine applications could consider genetic variation in bitter taste perception genes when designing dietary interventions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Changes in weight of fresh and dried vegetables on cooking].

The present study represents part of a more important work relative to normal food refuse and change of weight of varied food according to different ways of cooking. The study has been realized on vegetables and some fruits of frequent utilization in the population. It was accomplished by 25 voluntary housekeepers from Paris and Marseille during a whole year according to precise instructions about the method of weighings, every vegetable having to be weighed, three times at different intervals, during the year; 3203 weighings were mode corresponding to 2 399 kg of divers types of vegetables. The results have pointed out important variations according to the kinds of vegetables and methods of cooking. At boiling, the most utilized method, the variations of weight according to the weight before cooking are very important extending from + 10 p. 100, for Brussel sprouts and fresh flageolets at--25 p. 100 and--36 p. 100 for lettuce and endive, the last of weight being the highest for fine leaves vegetables, lesser for roots and tubers, and around zero for artichokes, french beans, cauliflower, aubergines. Other methods of cooking, through concerning a more limited number of kinds of vegetables have pointed out that "sauté" brings a higher loss for the vegetables studied; Similar observations can be made for braising and stewing, frying leads to the highest loss reaching--48 p. 100 for chips. However the weight of fresh pulses varies slightly at boiling and stewing, it is the same for potatoes. As for dry beans, the increase of weight is less important than the percentage curently utilized for the calculation of surveys, the loss of weight according to cooked fruits pears and apples is not high (about 10 p. 100). These results should be taken into consideration for the exploitation of food surveys, especially norvadays when surveys are made more often at home and at the hospital and concern the individual consumption either by weighing the food consumed at table in dining-room or on the tray of the patient, and also when surveys are realized by interrogatory, the food being then, cooked, without refuse. From this point of view the last two tables present the results for a practical utilization. The first one gives the different kinds of vegetables studied with every way of cooking observed, the numbers of weighings effected the weight corresponding to 100 g raw and the weight corresponding to 100 g cooked, the other one presents the kinds of vegetables classified according to importance of the variations of weight for different ways of cooking in connection with the weight before cooking.

Cooking↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical relevance of vegetations in infective endocarditis.

Two-dimensional echocardiograms of 58 patients with infective endocarditis were examined to determine if presence and/or size of vegetations on echocardiogram were predictive of morbidity and mortality. Group 1 (38 patients) with one or more vegetations, had a significantly higher rate of complications (emboli, congestive heart failure, need for surgery and death) than group 2 (20 patients) without vegetations (p less than 0.001). Analysis of morphologic characteristics of the vegetations in group 1 was of no predictive value for complications in individual patients. In contrast, patients whose echocardiograms demonstrated vegetations on aortic valve had a significantly higher incidence of heart failure, embolisation, surgery and death than those with vegetations on mitral valve. Thus, the detection of vegetations on initial echocardiogram clearly identifies a subgroup at risk for complications, more so if vegetations are present on the aortic valve, but the vegetations size does not predict an adverse clinical outcome.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

[Cerebral hemodynamics in the vegetative state patients--relationship between patterns of dysautoregulation and prognosis (author's transl)].

The pathophysiological analysis of cerebral hemodynamic mechanisms and its metabolism in the vegetative patients was not enough until now. It was reported in this paper that the correlation between cerebral hemodynamics, metabolism and neurological function was analysed in 14 patients with vegetative state caused by cerebrovascular disorders. The materials consist of 14 vegetative patients due to 7 hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage, 6 subarachnoid hemorrhage and one cerebral infarction. In all of them, the cerebral hemodynamics such as cerebral blood flow (CBF), CO2 reactivity and autoregulation, and cerebral metabolism were measured sequencially by 133Xe clearance methods. In the majority of cases, both values of mean hemispheric CBF and cerebral oxygen consumption (CMRO2) were markedly decreased with severe impairments of autoregulation and CO2 reactivity on the bilateral hemispheres but much more significatly on the affected hemispheres. Futhermore, from view points of the pressureflow relationship in the CBF studies, the patterns of dysautoregulation could be classified into 2 types as follows; Type 1 is the complete loss type, which has no plateau formation in all ranging of systemic arterial blood pressure (SABP). Type 2 is the incomplete loss type with 2 subdivisions, in which the abnormal narrowing plateaus are recognized in relatively higher or lower range of SABP (called as the upper or the lower type of incomplete loss type respectively). And then, the phenomen, which we gave a term as "shift-off phenomenon", was recognized in 8 cases that the proper values of resting SABP was seated outside the plateau level of the auto-regulatory capacity. The correlation between CBF dynamics and the grade of vegetative state was analysed. In 2 cases with slight communications (vegetative grade1), mean hemispheric CBF value was 32.5 (ml/100 g/min.) and CMRO2 was 2.01 (ml/100 g/min.) with the normal or the upper type in incomplete loss of dysautoregulation. In 3 cases of vegetative grade 2, who could slightly response to vocal order, mean CBF and CMRO2 showed 27.0 +/- 2.0 and 1.7 +/- 0.08 respectively. In these cases, dysautoregulations with the upper type incomplete loss were recognized. In 3 cases of vegetative grade 3, who had only spontaneous movement of body and slight emotional expression but no response to vocal order, mean CBF was in 22.4 +/- 1.9 and CMRO2 in 1.28 +/- 0.21. The patterns of dysautoregulation showed the lower type of incomplete loss. We had experienced the shift-off phenomenon in all of 5 cases with the upper type of incomplete loss and in 3 of 7 cases with the lower type of incomplete loss dysautoregulation. As conclusion, in cases of vegetative grade 2 or 3 whose patterns of dysautoregulation are the upper or lower type of incomplete loss with the shift-off pnenomenon, it would be a useful therapeutic method to get away from vegetative state that SABP could be corrected and controlled within the proper plateau level of autoregulation by the suitable administration of some vasoactive agents.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Vegetables as a source of infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a University and Oncology Hospital of Rio de Janeiro.

Samples of fresh vegetables fed to patients in an Oncology and a University Hospital were examined for frequency of recovery and counts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thirty-eight isolates from vegetables as well as 98 clinical isolates recovered during the same period of vegetable collection were serotyped and assayed for pyocin production in order to evaluate the role of vegetables as a source of microorganisms. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was recovered from 19.0% of the vegetable samples. Although 1% hypochlorite solution was used as a sanitizer, 50% of the positive samples were found to harbour more than 100 colony-forming units (cfu) g-1. Lettuce, chicory and watercress yielded the highest frequencies of isolation (P less than 0.05). The pyocin typing and serotyping of clinical strains revealed some types identical to those recovered from vegetables. Among those found in the University Hospital, serotype O4 and pyocin type PT10/b were detected in vegetables and in clinical specimens whereas types O1-PT22/e, O2a-PT10/a, O2a-PT10/b, O4-PT10/a, O11-PT10/a and O11-PT10/b were common in both groups of strains isolated in the Oncology Hospital. Our results strongly suggest that vegetables represent a source of endemic infection with P. aeruginosa for hospitalized patients.

Bacterial Typing Techniques↗
PubMed1991

Urinary excretion of N-nitrosoproline in relation to consumption of raw and cooked vegetables in a Danish rural population.

Several recent case-control studies of gastric cancer have demonstrated the protective effect of consumption of vegetables. According to Correa's model of gastric carcinogenesis, the initiating agent is N-nitroso compounds either ingested or formed in vivo. In our study of endogenous nitrosation, we measured intragastric formation of N-nitroso compounds in 285 individuals by the nitrosation of proline; in this presentation we analysed the effect of consumption of vegetables on urinary excretion of N-nitrosoproline (NPRO). When adjustment was made for the dominating determinants of NPRO excretion (total nitrate intake and tobacco smoking), a marked difference in the effects of consumption of raw and cooled vegetables was seen: consumption of cooked vegetables increased endogenous nitrosation of proline, while consumption of raw vegetables had only a marginal effect. We suggest that the difference between raw and cooked vegetables is due to destruction of ascorbate in the cooking of the vegetables. The lack of a protective effect of consumption of raw vegetables on the rate on endogenous nitrosation of proline indicates, however, that the determinants of nitrosation of proline and the determinants of gastric cancer risk may be different.

Cooking↗
PubMed1992

Clinical relevance of vegetation localization by transoesophageal echocardiography in infective endocarditis.

Infective endocarditis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with valvular destruction and congestive heart failure being more common in patients with echocardiographically discernible vegetations. The transoesophageal approach affords consistently high quality images with excellent structural resolution. Two-hundred and eighty-one patients with clinically suspected infective endocarditis were studied, to evaluate the prognostic value of ascertaining the site of vegetations. Among them were 118 patients with vegetations attached to the aortic or mitral valve. These patients were followed for a mean period of 14 months. Mitral valve vegetations were associated with a significantly higher incidence of embolic events than vegetations on aortic valves (25% vs 9.7%). The incidence of abscess formation was higher in aortic than in mitral valve endocarditis (6% vs 0%), as were the need for surgical intervention (11% vs 5.5%) and mortality (1.6% vs 0%) respectively). Bivalvular endocarditis was associated with an increased rate of complications: embolism (50%), abscess formation (15%), surgery (35%) and mortality (10%). By multivariate analysis, echocardiographically accessible risk factors for subsequent embolism were a vegetation size of more than 10 mm and mitral valve involvement. Risk factors associated with in-hospital fatality were embolism, a vegetation size of more than 10 mm, and Staphylococcus aureus infection. Our data suggest that the site influences both the rate and the type of complications. Precise echocardiographic visualization of vegetations helps to stratify patients into a high-risk sub-group, perhaps warranting early prophylactic surgical intervention. Transoesophageal echocardiography may play an important role in assessing the clinical outcome for these patients.

Abscess↗