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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Noninvasive angiography for the diagnosis of vertebral artery disease using Doppler ultrasound (vertebral artery Doppler).

A transoral noninvasive procedure in the oropharynx using local anesthesia was applied to detect flow in the vertebral arteries with a bidirectional continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound system. Common carotid artery compression was used to identify the vertebral artery. Flow direction, amplitude of flow signals, diastolic flow, and reaction of flow on common carotid artery compression served as diagnostic parameters. The procedure was applied in 90 patients of whom 42 underwent angiography. The method has proved to be 82% accurate. It was most reliable in the diagnosis of occlusion or aplasia, subclavian steal and normalcy, and was less reliable in the detection of stenosis or hypoplasia of a vertebral artery. Eleven patients with subclavin steal, five patients with a missing vertebral artery three patients with hypoplasia or stenosis, and 15 patients with normal angiorgraphical findings were correctly diagnosed by Doppler; normal Doppler findings were present in three patients with a mission or stenosed vertebral artery. Those patients (five) with Doppler indications of subclavian steal (one patient), missing vertebral artery (two patients), or stenosis (two patients) had normal angiograms. Application of the Doppler procedure, after 11 subclavin endarterectomies, informed the surgeon immediately about the hemodynamic effect of surgical intervention. Rethrombosis was diagnosed in two patients by postoperative Doppler examination.

Cerebral Angiography↗
PubMed1975

Contribution to the clinical anatomy of the vertebral column. Considerations on the stability and the instability at the height of the "vertebral units".

Based on the findings with human cadaver material and the literature data, the concept of "vertebral unit" is discussed as a basic morphofunctional and pathogenic unit of the vertebral column. The vertebral structures collaborating to the stabilization of the vertebral units are described and a review is made of the possibilities of installation of a vertebral instability. An attempt is made to define the vertebral stability and instability.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1975

Relationships between the vertebral parameters C2--C6 during movement of the cervical "vertebral units" in the sagittal plane.

In the paper it is endeavoured to set up objective criteria for the detection of a qualitatively abnormal mobility of the cervical vertebral units. Three scalar parameters were chosed to characterize the position of a cervical vertebra in the sagittal plane. By the aid of the parameters, graphs were drawn illustrating the reciprocal functional dependence of the vertebral parameters. It is stated that a discontinuous variation of the angle between the straight lines shown in the Fig. 4 and 8 and the axis of abscissae can be taken as an objective criterion of a qualitatively abnormal movement of the cervical vertebral units.

Cervical Vertebrae↗
PubMed1992

Modification of vertebrate and algal prolyl 4-hydroxylases and vertebrate lysyl hydroxylase by diethyl pyrocarbonate. Evidence for histidine residues in the catalytic site of 2-oxoglutarate-coupled dioxygenases.

A search for conserved amino acid residues within the cDNA-derived amino acid sequences of 2-oxoglutarate-coupled dioxygenases revealed the presence of two distinct motifs, spaced 49-71 amino acids apart, toward the C-terminal regions of these proteins. Each of the two common motifs contains an invariant histidine residue at a conserved position. The 2-oxoglutarate-coupled dioxygenases function in diverse processes, including the post-translational hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues in vertebrate collagens and the biosynthesis of microbial cephalosporins, yet they have a common reaction mechanisms, which requires the binding of Fe2+, 2-oxoglutarate, O2 and ascorbate at the catalytic site. The two regions of homology, and specifically the identical histidines, potentially represent functionally important sites related to their catalytic activity. Modification of histidine residues by diethyl pyrocarbonate inactivated vertebrate and algal prolyl 4-hydroxylase and vertebrate lysyl hydroxylase, indicating that histidine residues function in the catalytic site of these 2-oxoglutarate-coupled dioxygenases. Inactivation was prevented by the presence of co-substrates, but not by the peptide substrate. It is proposed that the histidine residues in the conserved motifs may function as Fe(2+)-binding ligands.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1975

[Anastomoses between the vertebral and external occipital arteries in occlusion of the external carotid and vertebral arteries (author's transl)].

Five cases of anastomose formation between the external carotid and the vertebral arteries are reported. In 2 cases occlusion of the vertebral artery in the upper section of the cervical spine were present. In 2 further cases there were occlusions of the external carotid artery. In only a single case did angiographic examination show no pathological change. From these observations it is concluded that, when the formation of such collaterals is established, occlusions and important part-occlusions of the large cervical vessels should be sought.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Vertebral fractures and abdominal trauma. A retrospective study based on 415 documented vertebral fractures].

415 spinal fractures were analysed retrospectively. A simultaneous occurrence of vertebral fracture and abdominal trauma was found in 14 patients (3.4%). The mechanism of injury was a fall from a considerable height in 9 cases, a car accident in 3 and a motorcycle accident in 2. Isolated fractures of the transverse processes and rotational injuries of the spine were found to be associated particularly frequently with an abdominal trauma (3 of 14 isolated fractures of the transverse processes = 22%, 5 of 61 rotational injuries = 8.2%), while compression injuries only showed such a simultaneous abdominal injury in 2% of the 300 fractures of this type. We never encountered the combination of distraction injury/abdominal trauma. This is probably because two-point lap-type seat belts are only rarely used in our country. In 2 patients with rotational injuries neurological deficits were observed. The abdominal injuries encountered in our patients were: massive concussion of the kidney (6 cases), rupture of the spleen (3 cases), rupture of the liver (2 cases), rupture of the mesocolon (2 cases), rupture of the caecum (1 case), rupture of a pre-existent aneurysm of the aorta (1 case), rupture of a renal artery (1 case), massive retroperitoneal haematoma (1 case). Other injuries were present in 12 of the 14 patients: 3 craniocerebral injuries, 7 fractures of the long bones, 6 injuries to the thorax and 3 to the pelvis. In conclusion, a simultaneous finding of vertebral fracture and abdominal trauma is rare in our patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[State of the vertebral canal in vertebral and spinal cord injuries].

The results of the analysis of 128 patients who had died after trauma of the spine and spinal cord are discussed. Total disturbance of the anatomical intactness of the vertebral canal walls was demonstrated on all specimens. In 85% of patients there were fractures with or without displacement of the injured vertebra; 15% of patients had suffered injury only to the ligamentous-capsular apparatus, the disk included, with no displacement--dislocation of the vertebra. The shape of the vertebral canal was distorted only in cases with displacement of the vertebra. The area of the canal was reduced to almost half the size demonstrated on the radiograms.

Fractures, Bone↗
PubMed1979

Surgical possibilities in the third portion of the vertebral artery (above C2). Anatomical study and report of a case of anastomosis between subclavian artery and vertebral artery at C1-C2 level.

A reappraisal of surgical possibilities in the third portion of the vertebral artery (VA) above C2, has been done from an anatomical study on twenty autopsy specimens. A route passing between the internal jugular vein and the Sterno-cleido-mastoid muscle allows a simple approach to the transverse process of C1. After division of two muscles attached to this process, 1.5 cm of the VA can be exposed. For larger exposure of the artery, the foramen transversarium of C1 must be unroofed and the artery dissected in the guttering of the posterior arch of the atlas. This surgical route was used in a case of aneurysmal dysplasia at the C3 level. An anastomosis between the subclavian artery and VA at the C1-C2 level was performed with an autologous saphenous vein graft. The key points are the highest possible freeing of the XI nerve and the head position. Rotation and extension move the transverse process and the posterior arch of the atlas superficially and anteriorly.

Cerebral Revascularization↗
PubMed1977

Toxoplasma gondii-vertebrate cell interactions. I. The influence of bicarbonate ion, CO2, pH and host cell culture age on the invasion of vertebrate cells in vitro.

A controlled-environment culture system was used to show that both physical and biologic parameters can influence the penetration of vertebrate cells by Toxoplasma gondii. The optimum bicarbonate ion concentration for the penetration of bovine embryo skeletal muscle (BESM) cells is 36.25 mM. Higher or lower bicarbonate ion concentrations are increasingly inhibitory to penetration. As CO2 increases in the range from 0.5-3.7 mM, penetration is progressively inhibited. No relationship was found between penetration and pH in the pH range of 6.949-7.765. The culture age of the BESM cells directly influenced the ability of the parasites to penetrate the cells. Older BESM cells were more refractory to penetration than younger cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Vertebral deformity in men.

Vertebral fracture is the most prevalent manifestation of osteoporosis in women, but there is very little information concerning vertebral fracture in men. These studies begin to determine the prevalence, radiographic character, and relationship to bone mineral density of vertebral deformity in men. A group of 144 white men aged 34-94 years (83% between 50 and 80 years) were studied. Thoracic and lumbar spine radiographs were obtained using standardized techniques, and morphometric measures of vertebrae (T6-L5) were obtained using a computerized digitization pad. Vertebral deformities (wedge, midbody, and crush) were identified using several criteria. In addition, a skeletal radiologist independently identified vertebral deformities, as well as vertebrae affected by epiphysitis (Scheuermann's disease), using classic radiographic criteria. Bone mineral density was measured at lumbar spine and proximal femoral sites using dual-photon absorptiometry. The prevalence of vertebral deformity was related to the criteria used for their identification. Utilizing vertebral-specific criteria (anterior/posterior or midbody/posterior vertebral height more than 3 SD below vertebral specific mean), 10% of subjects had vertebral deformity. Wedge deformity occurred primarily in thoracic vertebrae and were more common than midbody deformity, which occurred more commonly in lumbar vertebrae. Crush deformities were not observed. Evidence of vertebral epiphysitis was present in 9% of subjects but was not responsible for vertebral deformity sufficient to be falsely identified using the more than -3 SD criterion. Bone mineral density in subjects with vertebral deformity was clearly reduced at both vertebral (p = 0.003) and proximal femoral (p = 0.002) measurements sites. The number of vertebral deformities was negatively correlated with vertebral bone mineral density.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Diagnostic reliability of the percutaneous ultrasonic Doppler technique for vertebral arterial occlusive diseases.

There is little data on the diagnostic reliability of the ultrasonic Doppler technique for vertebral arterial occlusive lesions. Percutaneous vertebral Doppler examination and the vertebral angiograms were compared to determine the diagnostic reliability of this technique in 64 vertebral arteries of 53 patients with cerebrovascular disease. The percutaneous vertebral Doppler findings were quantitatively analyzed using a sound spectrograph and were classified into three types: no flow signal type, poor flow type and normal flow type. In nine patients with the no flow type the angiograms revealed vertebral occlusion or a missing vertebral artery in six, giving a diagnostic reliability of 67%. In 17 patients with poor flow type the angiograms revealed vertebral occlusion or a missing vertebral artery in five, terminal narrowing of the artery in nine, and hypoplasia in two giving a diagnostic reliability of 94%. For all vertebral arteries examined with this technique, including normal ones, the diagnostic reliability was 92% (59/64). Percutaneous vertebral Doppler examination has clinical usefulness as a screening test for occlusive vertebral arterial diseases.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

A critical review of the 'neugliederung' concept in relation to the development of the vertebral column.

The literature on the early embryonic development of the vertebral column in various animal species was analyzed to evaluate so many unrelated or contradictory observations. The recurring problems are described. One of the first was the lack of correspondence between the metameric boundaries of the 'primitive vertebral bodies' arising from the somites and those of the adult vertebral bodies, as presumably shown by their relationship to the vertebral processes and spinal nerves. A century ago, Remak introduced the concept of 'Neugliederung', according to which the ultimate vertebral body boundaries are determined by a shift of a half segment in comparison with the earlier segment boundaries. Another question was about the nature of the structures the primitive segments give rise to (axial skeletal tissue and/or muscular tissue and/or nervous tissue), which led to the fundamental problem which system (skeleton or musculature) retains its segmentation. The observation of what was called the intervertebral fissure led to a far-reaching modification of the 'Neugliederung' concept, making a regrouping of parts of the primitive vertebral bodies both possible and probable. The functional necessity for the alternation of muscle and skeleton primordia was also assumed. Although the difference in rostro-caudal level between the boundaries of the somites and the definitive vertebral bodies, measured for instance in relation to the position of the intersegmental vessels, does not support a resegmentation of the vertebral column, because the somite is not a precursor of the adult vertebra, few authors have rejected this view. Subsequently, the discussion focussed on the problem of a) the animal species in which and b) the time at which the intervertebral fissure occurs, and the relationship of this fissure to the primitive vertebral cavity. Under the influence of comparative embryology, a number of authors concentrated mainly on identifying certain embryonic primordia as homologues of phylogenetic vertebral elements, and also on attempting to determine the recombination by which such elements could form a definitive vertebra. According to these authors, not only the vertebral bodies but also the arches and ribs undergo a 'Neugliederung'. Another variant of the 'Neugliederung' concept envisages a gradual shift of the original boundaries of the somites with respect to the transverse level of the definitive vertebrae with or without migration of cellular material. A critical consideration of the concepts at issue, and notably of the 'Neugliederung' concept, is presented. Certain phenomena held to be pillars of the 'Neugliederung' theory could not be confirmed. The functional interpretation of the resegmentation was also reduced to its proper proportions by the analysis. A development of the axial skeleton without resegmentation is just as conceivable in functional terms as one in which resegmentation occurs. A functionally meaningful relationship between muscles and skeletal elements is possible in both cases...

Animals↗