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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1995

[Vibrio cholera (Vibrio cholerae non-01) isolated in Poland from the Bug river].

Non-01 cholera vibrios for the first time has been isolated from freshwater in Poland. In October 1994 during bacteriological examination of Bug water by a two-step enrichment method in alkaline peptone water at pH 8.6 and TCBS. Repeated examination in November, December and January in the same and other locations among the polish-ukrainian borderline revealed persistence of V. cholerae in the river; 22 strains were isolated. All 22 strains were identical to V. cholerae E1 Tor 01 Ogawa reference strain except to antigens 0. The strains isolated from water were no agglutinable by standard 01 serum neither by 0139 serum. Determination of their antigens 0 is under investigations. They might be pathogenic for people as it could be judged by their high resistance to bile, proteolytic and haemolytic activity. No cholera-like cases were notified on the polish side of the river.

Animals↗

PubMed1965

CLASSIFICATION OF VIBRIO CHOLERAE (VIBRIO COMMA), INCLUDING EL TOR VIBRIOS, BY INFRASUBSPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS.

Feeley, John C. (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md.). Classification of Vibrio cholerae (Vibrio comma), including El Tor vibrios, by infrasubspecific characteristics. J. Bacteriol. 89:665-670. 1965.-A study of the properties of 220 serotype O group I vibrios indicated striking similarity in most of their properties. However, by using four tests often applied in the identification of the El Tor vibrio, five types were identified and characterized as follows: type 1 strains, phage IV-sensitive, nonhemolytic by tube and plate methods, unable to agglutinate chicken red cells (CCA), and Voges-Proskauer (VP) negative or weakly positive at 22 C; type 2, same as type 1 except for CCA; type 3, phage IV-resistant, CCA and VP usually positive, and strongly hemolytic by tube and plate methods; type 4, same as type 3, except hemolytic only by plate method unless culture has undergone pronounced rugose variation; and Type 5, same as type 3, except stably nonhemolytic. Type 1 and type 3 strains possess the characteristics usually ascribed to classic cholera vibrios and El Tor vibrios, respectively. Geographical and chronological distribution of the types is discussed. The thesis is presented that it is invalid to recognize two species, V. cholerae and V. eltor, because alleged differences are infrasubspecific. Recognition of a single species, V. cholerae, consisting of several types, is recommended.

Bacteriophages↗

PubMed1977

Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and other vibrios: occurrence and distribution in Chesapeake Bay.

Vibrio cholerae was isolated at several locations in Chesapeake Bay in fall 1976 and spring 1977. Strains induced fluid accumulation in rabbit ileal loops and positive activity in Y-1 adrenal cells. Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and related vibrios show a spatial and temporal distribution characteristic of Vibrio species in an estuary. The Vibrio cholerae strains isolated from Chesapeake Bay represent serotypes other than O-group I--that is, so-called nonagglutinable vibrios--and are not recognized as a serious epidemic threat, although they have caused cholera-like diarrhea sporadically.

Maryland↗

PubMed1979

Purification and characterization of a hemolysin produced by Vibrio cholerae biotype El Tor: another toxic substance produced by cholera vibrios.

A thermolabile direct hemolysin from an El Tor cholera vibrio strain has been isolated and partially characterized as a simple protein of ca. 20,000 molecular weight. In addition to its hemolytic activity, the hemolysin is cytotoxic, cardiotoxic, and rapidly lethal. In these respects it resembles the thermostable direct hemolysin/cytotoxin/cardiotoxin/lethal toxin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and certain other bacterial hemolysins, although there are other significant differences. Because identical diseases are produced by both hemolytic and nonhemolytic cholera vibrios, the El Tor hemolysin may be presumed to be pathogenetically irrelevant. These observations raise the question of "When is a toxic substance also a toxin?"

Adrenal Glands↗

PubMed1995

Safety and immunogenicity of a live oral bivalent typhoid fever (Salmonella typhi Ty21a)-cholera (Vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR) vaccine in healthy adults.

The safety and immunogenicity of the live oral attenuated vaccine strains vibrio cholerae CVD 103-HgR and Salmonella typhi Ty21a were evaluated alone or in a combined bivalent formulation in four groups composed of 185 healthy European adults. All presentations were well tolerated. The serum anti-S. typhi lipopolysaccharide immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A antibody responses were comparable for all groups (66 to 72% seroconversion). The serum vibriocidal antibody seroconversion rate ranged from 78 to 92.5% (P > 0.05) among the groups. However, the peak and geometric mean vibriocidal antibody titers were significantly higher (P < 0.005) in the groups which received the bivalent formulation along with two doses of Ty21a than in the group which received CVD 103-HgR followed by two doses of killed Escherichia coli K-12 placebo. The ingestion of a placebo shortly after CVD 103-HgR may have suppressed the magnitude of the immune response. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of producing multivalent live oral attenuated vaccines.

Administration, Oral↗

PubMed1970

Polyphasic taxonomy of the genus vibrio: numerical taxonomy of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and related Vibrio species.

A set of 86 bacterial cultures, including 30 strains of Vibrio cholerae, 35 strains of V. parahaemolyticus, and 21 representative strains of Pseudomonas, Spirillum, Achromobacter, Arthrobacter, and marine Vibrio species were tested for a total of 200 characteristics. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics were included in the analysis. Overall deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) base compositions and ultrastructure, under the electron microscope, were also examined. The taxonomic data were analyzed by computer by using numerical taxonomy programs designed to sort and cluster strains related phenetically. The V. cholerae strains formed an homogeneous cluster, sharing overall S values of >/=75%. Two strains, V. cholerae NCTC 30 and NCTC 8042, did not fall into the V. cholerae species group when tested by the hypothetical median organism calculation. No separation of "classic" V. cholerae, El Tor vibrios, and nonagglutinable vibrios was observed. These all fell into a single, relatively homogeneous, V. cholerae species cluster. V. parahaemolyticus strains, excepting 5144, 5146, and 5162, designated members of the species V. alginolyticus, clustered at S >/=80%. Characteristics uniformly present in all the Vibrio species examined are given, as are also characteristics and frequency of occurrence for V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus. The clusters formed in the numerical taxonomy analyses revealed similar overall DNA base compositions, with the range for the Vibrio species of 40 to 48% guanine plus cytosine. Generic level of relationship of V. cholerae and V. parahaemolyticus is considered dubious. Intra- and intergroup relationships obtained from the numerical taxonomy studies showed highly significant correlation with DNA/DNA reassociation data.

Alcaligenes↗

PubMed1988

A comparative study of the sugar composition of lipopolysaccharides isolated from Vibrio cholerae, 'Vibrio albensis' and Vibrio metschnikovii.

A comparative study was made of the quantitative sugar composition of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) isolated from Vibrio cholerae (O1 and non O1 groups), 'V. albensis', 'V. proteus' and V. metschnikovii. The amino sugars 4-amino-4,6-dideoxy-D-mannose (perosamine) and 2-amino-2,6-dideoxy-D-glucose (quinovosamine) were present exclusively in LPS isolated from S-form O1 group of V. cholerae regardless of serotype (i.e. Ogawa or Inaba) and biotype (i.e. classical or eltor). Classical O1 group V. cholerae was distinguishable from eltor O1 group V. cholerae on the basis of the fructose content of the LPS: greater than 3% and less than or equal to 1%, respectively. Distinct differences in the sugar composition of LPS were observed between V. cholerae and 'V. albensis', 'V. proteus' and V. metschnikovii.

Carbohydrates↗

PubMed1983

Medium-dependent production of extracellular enterotoxins by non-O-1 Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio mimicus, and Vibrio fluvialis.

Fluid accumulation at 4 h in the intestines of suckling mice enabled us to distinguish non-O-1 Vibrio cholerae, V. mimicus, and V. fluvialis clinical isolates from environmental isolates. Enterotoxin production was culture medium dependent. Filtrates of cultures grown in tryptic soy broth without glucose but with added 0.5% NaCl did not exhibit marked enterotoxin activity in the assay. Culture filtrates of all clinical strains grown in brain heart infusion broth supplemented with 0.5% NaCl induced large amounts of fluid accumulation in mouse intestines. However, most environmental strains grown in brain heart infusion broth amended as described above were unable to induce fluid accumulation. The enterotoxin present in culture filtrates lost activity at 56 degrees C and appeared to be distinct from previously described virulence factors, including the well-described cholera toxin. The new enterotoxin could represent an important virulence mechanism common to all three species.

Culture Media↗

PubMed1986

Seasonal distribution of facultatively enteropathogenic vibrios (Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio mimicus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus) in the freshwater of the Elbe River at Hamburg.

Between June 1981 and December 1982 the incidence of Vibrio cholerae, V. mimicus and V. parahaemolyticus was determined at two sampling sites on the Elbe River at Hamburg. A total of 183 strains was isolated from 147 water samples. Of these, 107 belonged to non-01 V. cholerae (ten strains producing a cholera-like enterotoxin); 33 were identified as V. mimicus, including two enterotoxin producers; 42 strains were Kanagawa-negative cultures of V. parahaemolyticus; and one was V. fluvialis. The highest incidence was observed from June to September with about 10(2) organisms/l. Halophilic vibrios, less than five organisms/l, were detectable during the period June/July to October. The vibrio incidence was not influenced by the numbers of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, coliforms or faecal bacteria. In general water temperature correlated with the seasonal variation. Thus, a temperature rise over 10 degrees to 20 degrees C was followed by a distinct increase in vibrio numbers. Of 14 chemical parameters only chloride concentration might have had an influence on the seasonal variation. It is concluded that the three Vibrio species are indigenous organisms of the Elbe River.

Enterotoxins↗

PubMed1988

Coagglutination of Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio mimicus, and Vibrio vulnificus with anti-flagellar monoclonal antibody.

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) with serological activity for purified flagellar (H) core protein prepared from Vibrio cholerae were identified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Four of these MAbs reacted with the flagella of V. cholerae and V. mimicus exclusively, while eight MAbs reacted with at least 1 of 30 heterologous Vibrio species tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or coagglutination. It appears that V. cholerae and V. mimicus express similar, if not identical, H determinants unique to these two Vibrio species. Staphylococcus aureus cells or latex beads armed with the four species-specific MAbs coagglutinated each of 47 isolates identified bacteriologically as V. cholerae or V. mimicus from among 103 Vibrio isolates tested. One coagglutination reagent armed with anti-V. vulnificus H MAb exhibited species specificity in that only V. vulnificus cells were coagglutinated from among the 31 Vibrio species examined. This reagent coagglutinated 20 isolates identified bacteriologically as V. vulnificus in a serological survey. MAb coagglutination reagents offer a rapid, specific, and economical alternative to the classical bacteriological approach to identify the human pathogens V. cholerae, V. mimicus, and V. vulnificus.

Agglutination↗

PubMed1981