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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1976

[Evidence for reduced colour vision in carriers of congenital colour vision deficiencies (author's transl)].

The ability to recognize small spots of coloured light in parafoveal regions of the retina was investigated in women heterozygous for protanopia (2 subjects), deuteranopia (2 subjects), or deuteranomaly (1 subject) and in 3 normal subjects. The homozygous colour normals had excellent discrimination up to 8 degrees excentricity, whereas in heterozygous carriers of congenital colour vision deficiencies the ability to differentiate colours varied from point to point within the retina. The results may be explained by assuming the existence of alternating patches of trichromatic and dichromatic cell populations with the retina of the heterozygous carriers.

Color Perception↗
PubMed1978

Central representation of colour vision deduced from studies on a subject with a central colour vision defect.

M.W.'s grossly defective responses to red light stimuli are caused by an abnormality of central vision which is highly specific in its action. The abnormal activity does not affect stereoscopic function and only partially modifies the parametric characteristics of the contrast threshold elevation effect. These experimental observations lend support to the concept of parallel processing of different attributes of the visual stimulus, possibly by different cortical areas. We suggest that understanding of central visual processes could be facilitated by further studies on subjects with malfunction of the visual cortex.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Vision screening in a national sample of 11-year-old children.

This report describes the results of vision screening carried out by local health authorities on a national sample of 11-year-old schoolchildren using a standard Snellen chart. Of the 12 772 children tested, 78% had an unaided distant visual acuity of 6/6 or better in both eyes (optimal vision), 10% had a distant visual acuity of 6/9 in the worse or both eyes (near-optimal vision) and 12% had a visual acuity of 6/12 or worse in one or both eyes eyes (definite visual defect). In addition, near visual acuity was tested for 12 737 children and 5% were found to have defective near vision. Glasses had been prescribed for current use in 12% of children but a quarter of those prescribed glasses did not have them available at the time of the test. Testing revealed that 22% of children whose glasses were available had optimal or near-optimal unaided distant vision, the number increasing to 98% when retested wearing glasses. In contrast, 43% of the children who were without their glasses had optimal or near-optimal vision; 27% had a bilateral defect. Amongst the children for whom glasses had not been prescribed 4-6% had a visual defect. A higher proportion of children from non-manual family background than from manual family background had visual impairment and had been prescribed glasses, but there was no significant social class difference amongst the children with visual defects for whom no glasses had been prescribed. A defect of red/green colour vision was recorded in 6% of boys and 1% of girls. The proportion of children with poor visual acuity was similar in the group of children with defective colour vision and the group with normal colour vision.

Child↗
PubMed1979

Vision screening of adolescents and their use of glasses.

Vision screening was performed in over 11 000 16-year-olds who were taking part in the National Child Development Study. For distance vision 75% had normal acuity, 9% a minor defect, and 16% a more severe unilateral or bilateral defect. For near vision 85% had normal vision, 8% a minor defect, and 7% a unilateral or bilateral defect. Few children (62) with normal distant vision had defects in near vision, though many more (607) had both poor distant vision and poor near vision. Vision defects were more common in girls than in boys and occurred more often in adolescents from non-manual than manual families. Athough 18% of children had been prescribed glasses for current use, a third did not have their glasses available at the examination: 27% of the children prescribed glasses had normal unaided distant visual acuity or only a minor defect, and they constituted 42% of those who were not wearing their glasses. Further investigation is needed into the criteria on which glasses are prescribed for children and into the reasons for which they are not worn.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Visual prognosis in advanced glaucoma: a comparison of medical and surgical therapy for retention of vision in 101 eyes with advanced glaucoma.

A detailed analysis of 101 eyes of 76 patients with advanced glaucomatous visual field loss but with retention of good visual acuity is presented. Patients were followed for a minimum of 4 years with an average duration of follow-up of 7.1 years. Loss of central vision, defined by permanent reduction of visual acuity to less than or equal to 20/200, occurred with equal frequency in eyes treated medically (15.8%) or surgically (13.6%) for glaucoma. Sudden loss of central vision also occurred following cataract extraction (8.7%). No patient lost central vision suddenly following surgery when central vision was spared at the time of operation. In addition, all cases that eventually lost central vision, either medically or surgically, demonstrated field defects which split fixation prior to its loss. Loss of central vision is seen rarely when medical therapy maintains the average intraocular pressure below 18 mm Hg, but increases markedly with higher pressures, reaching approximately 30% when average intraocular pressure is above 22 mm Hg. Progression in field loss is rare after successful glaucoma surgery, although cataracts develop in about 32% of such eyes. Cataracts also develop in 21% of medically treated eyes. In addition, about 50% of unoperated eyes demonstrate further field loss even when central vision is maintained. In spite of very definite risks, serious consideration should be given to glaucoma filtering surgery when the intraocular pressure is consistently over 22 mm Hg in patients on medical therapy with advanced glaucoma.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2026

Noncombustible Nicotine or Tobacco Product Use After Smoking Cessation and Major Vision-Impairing Diseases: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: We assessed the risk of major vision-impairing eye diseases among smokers who quit combustible cigarettes (CC) and switch to noncombustible nicotine or tobacco products (NNTPs) compared with those who completely quit using tobacco. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: About 179 273 adults from the Korean National Health Insurance Service who smoked CC in 2011 to 2012 and reported cessation in 2018 to 2019, classified into complete quitters and NNTP switchers. METHODS: This nationwide longitudinal cohort study followed participants for up to 6 years and identified incident major vision-impairing eye diseases (cataract, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and refractive and accommodation disorders) using standardized diagnostic codes. Propensity score matching was applied to emulate a pseudo-randomized comparison, balanced on key demographic, clinical, comorbidity, and lifestyle characteristics. Subdistribution hazard ratios (SHRs) were evaluated using the Fine-Gray subdistribution hazards model accounting for all-cause mortality as a competing risk. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Adjusted SHRs for incident major vision-impairing eye diseases. RESULTS: Among 32 316 matched participants followed for a mean of 4.6 years, 6328 incident major vision-impairing eye disease events occurred. The incidence was 41.1 and 44.0 per 1000 person-years for complete quitters and NNTP switchers, respectively. Switching to NNTPs was associated with an increased risk of major vision-impairing eye disease (SHR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02-1.13). The risk elevation was most pronounced for diabetic retinopathy (SHR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.00-1.53) and refractive and accommodation disorders (SHR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.12). These findings were robust across inverse probability-weighted and Cox proportional hazards models. The association remained consistent in sensitivity analyses and across clinical subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Transitioning from CC to NNTPs is associated with a modest but consistent increase in the risk of major vision-impairing eye diseases compared with complete nicotine abstinence. These findings challenge the assumption that substituting NNTPs for CCs is visually harmless and indicate that, from an ophthalmic perspective, complete cessation of all nicotine products should remain the preferred cessation goal.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

The future of vision screening.

The future of vision screening is presently receiving heated debate. Recent federal legislative activity in the area of comprehensive health planning has caused renewed interest in vision screening. Optometric recommendations supported at various governmental levels call for the development of standards for comprehensive vision screening of school children on a national scale. This paper attempts to review the philosophy and justification for school vision screening and to bring the readers up to date on related governmental activity. The question of adequate manpower to implement a nationwide vision screening program is discussed, and an argument is developed for preparing school nurse practitioners to assume an expanded role in comprehensive vision screening.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

A multidiscipline approach in low vision rehabilitation.

The first low vision clinic was instituted at the Industrial Home for the Blind in 1953 in response to a growing demand that more effective use be made of the residual vision in blind persons. The technology was there. Eye practitioners certainly knew enough about vision problems to offer many of these people an opportunity to enter a new life. The problem was: how to put that knowledge to work through a sound service delivery system. By its twentieth anniversary in 1973 the clinic had seen almost 5,000 patients for low vision evaluation and had built a service which consistently provided substantial and useful improvement in vision through the use of optical aids to a majority of its patients. The low vision optometric staff works as an integral part of a rehabilitation team. That team consists of a number of professionals, including ophthalmologists, social workers, teachers, and a variety of rehabilitation instructors. All members work simultaneously to create a total program of rehabilitation for thepartially sighted. We feel this teamwork approach is of basic importance to effective rehabilitation.

Adolescent↗