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Results for “Vision, Binocular”

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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1980

Binocular interactions in normal and anomalous binocular vision.

Binocular interactions for grating patterns were investigated in humans with normal binocular vision and in humans with abnormal binocular visual experience due to strabismus and/or amblyopia via 1) comparison of monocular and binocular contrast thresholds; 2) interocular transfer of the threshold elevation aftereffect; and 3) dichoptic masking. Whereas the normal observers showed improved binocular over monocular contrast sensitivity (i.e., binocular summation) and substantial interocular transfer of the threshold elevation aftereffect, the abnormal observers showed an absence of binocular summation and no significant interocular transfer. The dichoptic masking experiments showed that a suprathreshold masking grating presented to one eye elevated the contrast threshold for gratings presented to the fellow eye, within a narrow range of spatial frequencies (about 1 octave wide at half height) and orientations, centered about the spatial frequency and orientation of the mask. The magnitude and bandwidth of this masking effect was similar in subjects with normal and abnormal binocular vision, occurring even when the masking grating was presented to the amblyopic eye. These effects depend upon the contrast of the masking grating. In individuals with normal binocular vision, a grating with subthreshold contrast presented to one eye reduces the contrast threshold for detection of gratings of similar spatial frequency and orientation presented to the fellow eye. No such subthreshold summation is evident in the amblyopic observers. We conclude that while strabismus and/or amblyopia disrupted the normal excitatory interactions between the two eyes, cortical inhibitory binocular connections were not disrupted.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Capture of visual direction: an unexpected phenomenon in binocular vision.

Binocular perception of visual direction is based on laws which were formulated more than 100 years ago. These laws govern the directions in which human beings perceive objects visible to both eyes (binocular objects) and objects visible to only one eye (monocular objects). We report here that the laws do not hold for monocular objects adjacent to binocular objects. The perceived directions of these monocular objects are captured by those of nearby binocular objects. Capture of binocular visual direction is an unexpected phenomenon because it refutes the generally accepted notion that a particular retinal location gives rise to a particular subjective visual direction. The practical consequence is that the subjective techniques for measuring eye position which are widely used in fundamental research and clinical practice are unreliable if they are used in densely structured stimuli. We suggest that capture results from a mechanism of lateral interaction between adjacent visual directions. This mechanism ensures that, despite eye movements, objects have the same spatial order in monocular and binocular vision. This conservation of spatial order also explains why retinal blind spots are not manifest in binocular vision.

Convergence, Ocular↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical assessment of visual function in the young child: a prospective study of binocular vision.

Binocular vision was evaluated in 12 children with infantile esotropia before and after corrective surgery. Stereopsis was measured by the eye movement/global stereopsis method. Also in a subgroup of four infants, binocular and monocular pattern VERs were recorded to evaluate binocular summation. Results revealed 50% of the infantile esotropia children who had corrective surgery before one year of life developed gross stereopsis two weeks following surgery. In addition, of four infants who showed no evidence of stereopsis, 50% showed some degree of binocular summation following surgery. The importance of prospective studies of binocular vision in infantile esotropia is discussed within the context of new tests that can be used to objectively assess binocularity in the preverbal child.

Esotropia↗
PubMed1983

Binocular interaction in visual-evoked responses: summation, facilitation and inhibition in a clinical study of binocular vision.

Binocular visual-evoked responses (VER) were recorded in normal and strabismic subjects. The percent increase of binocular with respect to monocular response was correlated to the degree of binocular performance expressed by the values of stereopsis in the Titmus stereo test and TNO test. Summation, facilitation and inhibition of binocular responses were found. In no case was a clear relationship found between the degree of binocularity and the amplitude of binocular VER. This limits clinical application of binocular VER recordings in the diagnosis of binocular vision disturbances.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Haploscopic colour mixtures with and without contours in subjects with normal and disturbed binocular vision.

Binocular mixtures of equiluminous components of different wavelengths were matched with additive monoptic mixtures of the same components. After a satisfactory match had been achieved, the luminance of each colour in the monoptic mixture was measured photometrically. After presentation of an orthogonal grating superimposed on the colour shown to one eye, the colour matching was repeated. The grating induced a strong dominance of the colour with which it was combined. Yet the uncontoured colour was not entirely suppressed, but contributed to the binocular colour to various degrees. In three subjects with anisometropic amblyopia in one eye the colour presented to the amblyopic eye contributed little or nothing to the haploscopic colour mixture, depending on the degree of amblyopia. This diminished contribution could not be enhanced by a grid. In three cases with strabismic amblyopia and in one case with strabismus alternans no haploscopic colour mixture effects could be demonstrated. The observations are discussed in the context of neurophysiological findings in the visual system of primates, and it is suggested that colour and contour are not transmitted through independent channels from the retina to the cortex.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Binocular vision: moving closer to reality.

Vision science is a truly interdisciplinary field of research, lying at the interface between psychology, computer science and neurobiology. It spans a broad range of research questions, from what visual neurons in the brain do, to the design and use of virtual reality technology. Here, I will take one well-researched area of human vision binocular depth perception, as an exemplar of the various ways in which the processes of human perception can be studied: from basic questions about the sensitivity of binocular vision to understanding how having two eyes helps us function in the natural environment.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

Humans deprived of normal binocular vision have binocular interactions tuned to size and orientation.

A suprathreshold grating presented to one eye elevated the threshold for the discrimination of gratings similar in size and orientation presented to the fellow eye. The magnitude and stimulus specificity of these binocular interactions in human observers with normal bioncular vision were similar to those in observers deprived of normal binocular visual experience; however, the latter showed a failure of binocular summation at threshold or subthreshold contract levels. Whereas strabismus or amblyopia disrupted the normal excitatory interactions between the two eyes, cortical inhibitory binocular connections seem not to have been disrupted.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1996

[The effect of rapid alternating eye covering on formation of binocular vision in convergent squint treated with a localization method. I. Binocular vision examined in free space].

The authors have examined 35 children aged between 6 and 13 years. They were children with convergent fixed squint (angle: from +4 degrees to +26 degrees) with convergent fixation. The patients were treated in accordance with the localizing method -stage II/III. Visual acuity of the master eye was equal 1.0, and of the squinting eye-from 0.3 to 0.8 after correction. Children were practising 2 x 7-10 minutes for 5 days on an apparatus modelled on the Starkiewicz alteroobturator, looking straight forward and with eyes alternatively covered. They had the binocular vision at long and short distance checked with the use of a test with coloured filters (TF), classical Bagolini test (Bki). In all patients the subjective test was positive. Among 35 examined cases the tests for binocular vision did not change in 17. In 16 patients the image seen with the squinting eye came close to the one seen with the master eye by the average of 2.6 degrees at long distance and 4.3 degrees at short distance. Improvement took place after first exercise (8 children) or after all five exercises (8 children).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Visual acuity and binocular vision in children with pseudophakia].

PURPOSE: To evaluate the results of cataract surgery in children with IOL implantation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our research involved 106 children (156 eyes) with congenital and traumatic cataract, in age from 18 months to 18 years, who underwent cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation. We evaluated visual acuity for far vision and binocular vision after surgery. RESULTS: Visual acuity over 0.5 in unilateral congenital cataract was found in 27.25%, in traumatic cataract in 73%, whereas in bilateral congenital cataract visual acuity over 0.5 we received in 75% of operated children. Full binocular vision was obtained in children with good visual acuity (0.5 and more), with appropriate alignment of the eyes: 13.1% in unilateral congenital cataract, 45.4% in traumatic cataract and 55% in congenital bilateral cataract. CONCLUSIONS: Cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation results in increase of visual acuity and in achievement binocular vision, if surgery is carried out in the early period, after it had been diagnosed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Evaluation of binocular vision in persons employed at high work posts].

The study covered 250 workers, aged 20-63 years, employed at workposts over 3 meters high. We analysed visual acuity, refraction, anterior segment, eye ground, visual field, colour vision and binocular vision. The study revealed that 20% of persons examined lack the stereoscopic vision ability. In conclusion it is suggested to use combined methods in order to evaluate binocular vision and certify ability to work at high workposts.

Adult↗