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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed1991

Reconstruction of internal orbital fractures with Vitallium mesh.

Trauma to the face frequently results in internal orbital fractures that may produce large orbital defects involving multiple walls. Accurate anatomic reconstruction of the bony orbit is essential to maintain normal appearance and function of the eye following such injuries. Autogenous bone grafts do not always produce predictable long-term support of the globe. Displacement and varying amounts of bone-graft resorption can lead to enophthalmos. This study examines the use of Vitallium mesh in the acute reconstruction of internal orbital defects. Fifty-four patients with 66 orbits underwent reconstruction of internal orbital defects with Vitallium mesh. Associated fractures were anatomically reduced and rigidly fixed. Forty-six patients and 57 orbits had adequate follow-up for analysis of results. The average follow-up was 9 months, with 85 percent of the patients followed 6 months or longer. There were no postoperative orbital infections, and none of the Vitallium mesh required removal. Large internal orbital defects can be reconstructed using Vitallium mesh with good results and little risk of infection. Vitallium mesh appears to be well tolerated in spite of free communication with the sinuses. Stable reconstruction of the internal orbit can be achieved and predictable eye position maintained without donor-site morbidity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Biocompatibility of vitallium as ossicular reconstruction material in the middle ear: experimental animal study.

CONCLUSION: Although long-term data will be necessary for confirmation, the result of this preliminary study indicates that vitallium may be a good alternative material for ossicular replacement prostheses in the middle ear. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the biocompatibility of vitallium (Co-Cr-Mo) as ossicular reconstruction material in the rabbit middle ear, and to compare the results with those obtained with titanium, well known as a highly biocompatible material, and non-implanted control groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen female New Zealand White rabbits were anesthetized. The tympanomeatal flap was elevated and 12 vitallium and 12 titanium implants were placed in the bulla away from the ossicles in 24 middle ears. Six rabbits were used as non-implanted controls. All animals were sacrificed under general anesthesia on the 180th day after implantation. The temporal bones were removed, fixed in 10% buffered paraformaldehyde and decalcified for a week in EDTA. Tissue samples were then prepared using an Autotechnicon and embedded in paraffin. Sections (30-microm thick) were cut with a microtome, stained with hematoxylin-eosin, von Gieson's stain and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and examined under a light microscope. The numbers of lymphocytes, collagen fibers and FGF-positive cells were determined in all three groups. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the numbers of collagen fibers between the groups (p > 0.05). No significant differences were found in the numbers of lymphocytes and FGF-positive cells between the titanium and vitallium groups (p > 0.05). The differences in the numbers of lymphocytes and FGF-positive cells between the control and other groups were found to be significant (p <0.05).

Animals↗

PubMed2005

Vitallium.

Vitallium is a base metal alloy that has been used in dentistry and medicine since 1929. This article will focus on the historical perspectives of Vitallium and include the dental and medical applications used today. The physical and chemical properties of Vitallium will be discussed, with particular emphasis on the biocompatibility of the metal. Finally, the future uses of Vitallium will be examined, as will the potential dangers in fabricating prostheses using this base metal alloy.

Biocompatible Materials↗

PubMed1975

Alumina and zirconia coated vitallium oral endosteal implants in beagles.

The purpose of this study was to assess the addition of a ceramic coating upon a Vitallium implant to increase the implant's biologic acceptability in the oral environment. The mandibular premolar teeth in 9 adult beagle dogs were removed bilaterally and these areas allowed to heal for 6 weeks. Ceramic coating with either Al2O3 or ZrO2 was carried out by flame spray deposition upon Vitallium anchor implants (9 of each), and the implants placed into the 18 healed premolar areas. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was conducted by 2 independent investigators over a 32 week period. Implants which exhibited mobility greater than II on a scale of 0 to III, at intervals of one-half, were judged unsatisfactory. After 19 weeks, all 9 Al2O3 coated implants and 5 ZrO2 coated implants were rated unsatisfactory. After 32 weeks, 4 ZrO2 coated implants were in situ with 0 or I mobility. Radiographically the width of the peri-implant space increased in direct proportion to both time and mobility. Histologic sections demonstrated encapsulating dense fibrous connective tissue which was oriented parallel to both ZrO2 and Al2O3 implants. Results suggest the zirconia used is a superior ceramic coating to the alumina. Neither seemed to increase biologic acceptability over uncoated Vitallium implants.

Aluminum↗

PubMed1991

A removal torque and histomorphometric study of bone tissue reactions to commercially pure titanium and Vitallium implants.

Screw-shaped commercially pure (CP) titanium and Vitallium implants were inserted in the rabbit tibial metaphysis. After a healing period of 3 months, it was demonstrated that a higher torque was needed to remove the CP titanium implants (average 24.9 Ncm) compared to Vitallium implants (average 11.7 Ncm). The histomorphometric part of the study revealed more bone-to-metal contact for the CP titanium implants (average 34.7%) compared to the Vitallium implants (average 21.7%). The results obtained in this study could be explained by differences in the topography or in biocompatibility of the metals, or a combination of these two factors.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Arthroplasty of the temporomandibular joint with use of a vitallium condyle prosthesis: report of three cases.

We have devised a Vitallium intramedullary prosthesis to replace the deformed arthritic condyle in cases that require bilateral condylectomy or in rare long-term failures of a single condylectomy. Experience has led to modification of this prosthesis. Recently a rectangular stem that prevents rotation of the prosthesis in the condylar stub has been added (Fig 11). In bilateral condylectomies, replacement of only one side by the Vitallium condylar prosthesis is adequate, because it stabilizes the mandible by maintaining its original fulcrum in the temporomandibular joint. Three cases of replacement with the Vitallium condyle prosthesis are reported, with follow-up studies of two to three years postoperatively. The results to date have been gratifying.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Reconstruction of midface bone defects with vitallium micromesh.

Complex midface defects following trauma and tumor resection present a challenging problem for maxillofacial surgeons. Regardless of the cause of these defects, restoration of accurate contour is essential to achieve both proper function and cosmetically acceptable appearance. Traditionally, bone grafts have been the preferred method of reconstruction. We present the first report of the use of Vitallium micromesh in reconstruction of midface bone and cartilaginous defects in 3 patients. In 1 patient, bone loss resulted from trauma; in the other 2, loss was due to tumor resection. In all 3 patients, Vitallium micromesh was used successfully as a replacement for the bony skeleton without morbidity or complications. Use of this material is contingent on its rigid fixation. We do not recommend use of this technique in the absence of rigid fixation.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Laryngotracheal reconstruction using a Vitallium alloy miniplate.

When stenosis of the larynx and trachea involves loss to anterior support, this is usually corrected by an autograft of costochondral cartilage or of hyoid bone anchored with suture material. This paper describes an alternative technique employing a Vitallium alloy miniplate placed anterior to the airway as a means for providing support. This is placed over a fascial or auricular cartilage graft. Together, they provide a smooth scaffold for mucosal migration. Thirteen patients were treated at Indiana University Medical Center between 1991 and 1993 by means of this technique. Ten of the 13 patients (77%) achieved an adequate airway to allow decannulation. There have been no significant complications related to the use of the miniplate, and specifically, there have been no instances of infection or extrusion. It has been unnecessary to remove any of the miniplates. The Vitallium alloy miniplate offers unique advantages in laryngotracheal reconstruction in that it not only accurately approximates tissues, but it also provides external support to the airway.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

Organic surface film contamination of Vitallium implants.

Conventional finishing and polishing techniques used to prepare Vitallium subperiosteal dental implant castings were found to produce low energy surfaces as measured by critical surface tension. Standard metallographic preparation gave slightly higher values. Glow discharge cleaning of both types of polished surface gave much higher critical surface tension values. This suggests the presence of an organic film after surface polishing of the implant which may later affect tissue reaction, in particular attachment, as has been noticed in related animal studies.

Adhesiveness↗

PubMed1994

[Prosthesis of the head of the radius in long-term follow-up--vitallium versus silastic].

At the Graz Hospital for Accident Surgery, seven Vitallium prostheses were implanted in the period from 1964 to 1968, and nine Silastic prostheses in the period from 1984 to 1991. In January 1993 we were able to do control examinations in eleven patients. Five of them with fractures of type B2.3, five of B3.3 and one of C3.3 according to the AO-Classification. Secondary treatment was done in four patients by prosthetic substitution. All patients had to wear a cast postoperatively for two to eight weeks. Our results--like those already described in relevant literature--clearly confirm the markedly poorere outcome of secondary treatment by prosthetic substitution of the head of the radius. On the basis of our results we therefore recommend in all cases where resection seems to be unavoidable to perform primary atraumatic resection with complete removal of all bone splinters and subsequent prosthetic substitution of the head of radius, if it is not possible to an osteoynthetic operation without immobilisation. We did not find any correlation to the classivication of the fracture types.

Adult↗

PubMed1975

Incorporation of stainless steel, titanium and Vitallium in bone.

Operative trauma, implant instability and corrosion are recognized as aetiological factors in the production of the soft-tissue capsule often present round a metal implant in bone. In the present experimental study, the isolated effect of corrosion was evaluated under standardized experimental conditions when operative trauma was minimal and implant movement was negligible. The reaction of bone to stainless steel, titanium and Vitallium was studied by histological and biomechanical methods, and compared to that provoked by copper. No soft-tissue capsule was found round the modern materials, but copper gave rise to a marked tissue reaction. It is concluded that a traumatic operative techniques and implant immobility are more effective for stable incorporation of metallic implants in bone than the nature of the implant itself, provided that one of the modern, low-corrosive metals or alloys is used.

Angiography↗

PubMed1982

Treatment of protracted bilateral mandibular dislocation with Proplast-Vitallium prostheses.

A case of bilateral protracted mandibular dislocation complicated by the presence of unusual degenerative changes in the temporomandibular joints is presented. A synopsis of treatment modalities that have been used previously to treat similar conditions is given. Our treatment consisted of bilateral condylectomies, eminectomies, and insertion of Proplast-coated Vitallium condylar prostheses. These procedures resulted in the re-establishment of normal TMJ anatomy, the maintenance of proper posterior mandibular vertical dimension, correction of malocclusion, and relief of the patient's symptoms.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

A forty-three-year follow-up of a vitallium scaphoid arthroplasty.

Over the years various treatment options for scaphoid nonunions have been proposed. We present as a historical note the long-term follow-up of one such treatment, the insertion of a vitallium scaphoid.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Vitallium radial head prosthesis for acute and chronic elbow fractures and fracture-dislocations involving the radial head.

This retrospective study aims to evaluate the radiographic, functional, and patient-derived outcomes of 16 patients who each received a Vitallium radial head prosthesis for unreconstructable acute fractures of the radial head, as well as previously treated fractures of the radial head associated with residual instability, pain, and stiffness. Follow-up averaged 33 months. A trend toward greater disability and poorer motion was noted in the delayed treatment group compared with the acute replacement group. Overall, the results were excellent in 5 patients, good in 10, and poor in 1, as determined by the Mayo Elbow Performance Score. All elbows were stable at follow-up, and no patient reported wrist pain. Four required further operative treatment of their elbow injuries. Metallic radial head arthroplasty yields satisfactory results in acute unreconstructable radial head fractures or as a salvage procedure for previously treated radial head fractures.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed1991

Vitallium-mold arthroplasty of the knee. A case report with 30-year follow-up study.

A case was reviewed of a 52-year-old woman who underwent vitallium-mold arthroplasty of the right knee in 1958. After more than 30 years her Hospital for Special Surgery knee score continued to show an excellent rating. The anatomic-designed implant, made of cobalt-chrome material and inserted cementless, appears to have withstood the test of time in the knee.

Adult↗

PubMed1981

[Electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis. (ESCA). Examinations on formation and re-formation of the passive layer on vitallium (author's transl)].

The passive layer of a metal implant is responsible for its tolerance in a biological environment. A report is given on ESCA-investigations on the passive layer on Vitallium implants which consists largely of Cr-oxide and is only approx. 3-5 micrometer thick. This passive layer can easily be damaged with OP-instruments. The oxide layers rebuilt on exposure to air or on sterilization in boiling water were also investigated by ESCA. Oxide layers normally formed are very similar to the original passive layer. Accumulations of Co- and Mo-oxides are also observed, however. Some short implantation experiments show that the thin Cr-oxide layer is indeed effective as a passive layer. The analytical findings indicate that the formation or re-formation of the passive layer is due to a selective dissolution process. This accords with results obtained by the neutron activation analysis of the serum.

Chromium Alloys↗

PubMed2002

Evaluation of two vitallium blade-form implants retrieved after 13 to 21 years of function: a clinical report.

This article describes the clinical, radiographic, and histologic evaluation of 2 immediately loaded Vitallium blade-form implants retrieved from the posterior maxilla of 2 patients after 21 and 13 years of function. Neither implant demonstrated mobility or signs of pathosis, and both appeared to have integrated well with surrounding bone. The hydroxyapatite coating of the second implant, which was retrieved after 13 years of function, showed no dissolution. These observations suggest that immediately loaded dental implants have the potential to achieve and maintain osseointegration and that hydroxyapatite coatings can resist degradation over long-term service.

Aged↗

PubMed1994

Arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint with Vitallium plate fixation.

Forty-seven patients (58 feet) underwent first metatarsophalangeal joint fusion with a small Vitallium plate (Howmedica, Inc., Rutherford, NJ). Congruous joint surfaces were prepared with either cone-shaped or cup-shaped reamers. At an average follow-up of 19.2 months, 98% (57 feet) were successfully fused. Ninety-three percent (54 feet) noted good or excellent results. Plate removal was necessary in only 7% (4 feet) of cases. Complications included nonunion with plate breakage in 2% (1 foot) and delayed union in 2% (1 foot) of cases. This technique was useful and predictable in achieving successful fusion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint.

Adolescent↗