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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed1975

Alumina and zirconia coated vitallium oral endosteal implants in beagles.

The purpose of this study was to assess the addition of a ceramic coating upon a Vitallium implant to increase the implant's biologic acceptability in the oral environment. The mandibular premolar teeth in 9 adult beagle dogs were removed bilaterally and these areas allowed to heal for 6 weeks. Ceramic coating with either Al2O3 or ZrO2 was carried out by flame spray deposition upon Vitallium anchor implants (9 of each), and the implants placed into the 18 healed premolar areas. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was conducted by 2 independent investigators over a 32 week period. Implants which exhibited mobility greater than II on a scale of 0 to III, at intervals of one-half, were judged unsatisfactory. After 19 weeks, all 9 Al2O3 coated implants and 5 ZrO2 coated implants were rated unsatisfactory. After 32 weeks, 4 ZrO2 coated implants were in situ with 0 or I mobility. Radiographically the width of the peri-implant space increased in direct proportion to both time and mobility. Histologic sections demonstrated encapsulating dense fibrous connective tissue which was oriented parallel to both ZrO2 and Al2O3 implants. Results suggest the zirconia used is a superior ceramic coating to the alumina. Neither seemed to increase biologic acceptability over uncoated Vitallium implants.

Aluminum↗
PubMed1977

Arthroplasty of the temporomandibular joint with use of a vitallium condyle prosthesis: report of three cases.

We have devised a Vitallium intramedullary prosthesis to replace the deformed arthritic condyle in cases that require bilateral condylectomy or in rare long-term failures of a single condylectomy. Experience has led to modification of this prosthesis. Recently a rectangular stem that prevents rotation of the prosthesis in the condylar stub has been added (Fig 11). In bilateral condylectomies, replacement of only one side by the Vitallium condylar prosthesis is adequate, because it stabilizes the mandible by maintaining its original fulcrum in the temporomandibular joint. Three cases of replacement with the Vitallium condyle prosthesis are reported, with follow-up studies of two to three years postoperatively. The results to date have been gratifying.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Reconstruction of midface bone defects with vitallium micromesh.

Complex midface defects following trauma and tumor resection present a challenging problem for maxillofacial surgeons. Regardless of the cause of these defects, restoration of accurate contour is essential to achieve both proper function and cosmetically acceptable appearance. Traditionally, bone grafts have been the preferred method of reconstruction. We present the first report of the use of Vitallium micromesh in reconstruction of midface bone and cartilaginous defects in 3 patients. In 1 patient, bone loss resulted from trauma; in the other 2, loss was due to tumor resection. In all 3 patients, Vitallium micromesh was used successfully as a replacement for the bony skeleton without morbidity or complications. Use of this material is contingent on its rigid fixation. We do not recommend use of this technique in the absence of rigid fixation.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

Incorporation of stainless steel, titanium and Vitallium in bone.

Operative trauma, implant instability and corrosion are recognized as aetiological factors in the production of the soft-tissue capsule often present round a metal implant in bone. In the present experimental study, the isolated effect of corrosion was evaluated under standardized experimental conditions when operative trauma was minimal and implant movement was negligible. The reaction of bone to stainless steel, titanium and Vitallium was studied by histological and biomechanical methods, and compared to that provoked by copper. No soft-tissue capsule was found round the modern materials, but copper gave rise to a marked tissue reaction. It is concluded that a traumatic operative techniques and implant immobility are more effective for stable incorporation of metallic implants in bone than the nature of the implant itself, provided that one of the modern, low-corrosive metals or alloys is used.

Angiography↗
PubMed1975

[Investigations of contact tissues of Blount vitallium staples using the instrumental neutron activation analysis (author's transl)].

Instrumental neutron activation analysis with Gamma-spectroscopy is a very sensitive method for testing trace elements. Specimens of contact tissue around 5 Blount's vitallium clamps were, after preparation at the Nuclear Research Institute Jülich irradiated with thermic neutrons and their element-specific gamma spectra were measured after 33 and 125 days. In contact tissue a significant rise in concentration of the alloy-specific elements cobalt and chromium was found. The unspecific elements silver, caesium, iron, rubidium, antimon, scandium and zink were either within or very close to the normal. The metallosis of contact tissue is due to corrosion of the surfaces of cobalt-chromium implants.

Activation Analysis↗
PubMed1975

[Allergic cobalt reaction (metallosis) following knee arthroplasty with vitallium endoprosthesis ad modum Walldius (author's transl)].

A case report is given on a woman with rheumatoid arthritis and deformed knee joints. She got a knee arthroplasty with a metal-to-metal Vitallium endoprosthesis ad modum Walldius. About one year after the arthroplasty she showed both a sterile fistulation from the knee joint and an eczema of the skin of the operated knee. An epicutaneous test for cobalt was positive. It is suggested that the metal-to-metal contact in the prosthesis and the proximity of the prosthesis to the skin is a possible explanation to the allergic reaction.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1975

An unusual reaction in muscle in association with Vitallium plate: a report of possible metal hypersensitivity.

A case is reported in which fractures of the radius and ulna were fixed with Vitallium plates and screws. Seven years later a painful swelling appeared over the extensor aspect of the forearm. After eight years sarcoma was suspected and a pale tumour infiltrating muscle was found at operation. However, the histology excluded neoplasia and showed massive fibrosis and patchy necrosis of muscle, with chronic inflammatory changes peripherally. After the removal of the metal the swelling disappeared. A sinus down to the ulna followed operation and was not cured two years later. At this stage standard patch testing showed skin sensitivity to cobalt. Metal sensitivity is proposed as the cause of this extraordinary reaction in muscle.

Bone Plates↗
PubMed1976

The Moore vitallium femoral-head prosthesis in fractures of the femoral neck.

A follow-up is given of early and late results in 109 arthroplasties with the self-locking Austin T. Moore vitallium femoral head prosthesis in fractures of the femoral neck on 106 patients. Operative indication was usually fresh medical fracture of the femoral neck in an elderly woman, or its late complication. The surgery was performed in a unit for general surgery also engaged in pre- and postgraduate teaching activities. Many operations were performed by residents engaged in general surgery or orthopaedics. Point scores according to a modification of Merle D'Aubigné's classification showed excellent or at least good results in 81 per cent of the 69 mobile patients. Because of deteriorated general physical condition 11 patients were chronically bed-ridden. Five patients could not be reached. In three instances the prosthesis was removed. 21 patients died, three during the stay in hospital and 18 later for reasons not connected with the operative procedure. The mortality during 40 months of observation corresponded fairly well to that expected in the age group for the population as a whole.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

COP, a new alloy for surgical implants.

Today Vitallium is used for surgical implants. It is a casting alloy which, with advances in casting technology, is also used commercially for making instruments of fairly complex shape. Because of its expense, however, it is not widely used in Japan. Instead, a series of 18-8 Mo alloys are used in Japan even though of insufficient strength. Used over a long period of time in the body, especially for the purpose of preserving structual functions as part of the human skeleton, it often corrodes, resulting in either abnormalities in tissue cells or, because of its insufficient strength, danger of bending and breaking with aging. In spite of a marked advance in fracture treatment, we have hardly any suitable materials for making instruments appropriate to the internal fixation of fractures in Japan. We, therefore, conducted various experiments to develop an alloy with sufficient corrosive resistance and strength that could be formed into a complex shape to take the place of Vitallium alloy, finally succeeding in developing an alloy we call "COP". The characteristic properties of COP may be summarized as follows: 1. The main components are 20% Cr, 20% Ni, 20% Co and 4% Mo aside from 0.2% P. 2. As it contains "P", it shows a marked age-hardening. In its molten state its machinability is excellent, and later it can readily be hardened by heat-treatment. 3. It has not only a marked yield point and tensile strength but also has toughness in elongation and reduction of area, showing a strength which surpasses Vitallium. 4. Its corrosive resistance is great. 5. Its cost is far cheaper than Vitallium.

Alloys↗
PubMed1979

In vivo evaluation of a high-strength, high-ductility stainless steel for use in surgical implants.

A high-strength, high-ductility, austenitic stainless steel has been evaluated for use in surgical implants by performing in vivo tests in rats, rabbits, dogs, and rhesus monkeys. This stainless steel, a TRIP (Transformation Induced Plasticity) steel containing about 4% Mo, was compared with two alloys in current clinical use: Type 316L stainless steel and cast Vitallium. Compared with the other two alloys, cast Vitallium generally had higher resistance to corrosion and superior biocompatibility in all animals. The tests in rats and dogs indicated that the corrosion resistances of the TRIP steel and the Type 316L stainless steel were similar and that the tissue reactions caused by these alloys were also similar. However, in rhesus monkeys, the TRIP steel was shown to be susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking and much more susceptible to crevice corrosion than Type 316L stainless steel. Limited tests in rabbits supported the observation that the TRIP steel is susceptible to stress-corrosion cracking. These inconsistencies in the in vivo tests underline the need for a reevaluation of the popular test techniques and of the animals commonly chosen for assessing the suitability of candidate implant materials. The "worst case" results from the rhesus monkey tests were entirely consistent with previous results obtained from in vitro studies. However, further work must be performed before the behavior of metals in humans, rhesus monkeys, or any other animal, can be predicted with confidence from an in vitro test program.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Tensile strength of wire-reinforced bone cement and twisted stainless-steel wire.

To assess the tensile strength of wire-reinforced bone cement as used for posterior spine fusion, standardized bone-cement specimens reinforced with stainless steel and Vitallium wires 0.5 and one millimeter in diameter were tested in tension. The results showed that tensile strength of bone cement was increased significantly by reinforcing it with metal wires, the increase in strength being proportional to the number of wires used. Even after failure of the cement, the reinforcing wires still carried an appreciable amount of load, thus avoiding the catastrophic failure of the cement alone. Specimens reinforced with Vitallium wires in general failed at higher loads than specimens reinforced with similar stainless-steel wires. Pull-out studies showed that a hook or a loop at the embedded end of straight wires significantly increased the load necessary to pull the wires out. The tensile strength of twisted stainless-steel wire composed of two 0.5-millimeter strands increased with the number of turns up to about eight turns per inch (2.54 centimeters) and then decreased.

Bone Cements↗
PubMed1977

[Reaction in bone and cartilage to Judet metal prosthesis over 20 years (author's transl)].

A case in which a vitallium head-prosthesis was implanted 20 years before. Changes in the neck of femur: Vitallium proved even after 20 years very passive. Minor metallosis could be seen only microscopically, no inflammatory or foreign-body reaction, no atrophy but sclerosis of cancellous bone, which is considered to be due to adaptation to changed weightbearing. Losening of the implant caused a kind of "pseudarthrosis" on the surface of the bed, definite secondary changes, in parts osteoarthrotic. The causes of "pseudarthrosis" are discussed.

Aged↗