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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2003

eVOC: a controlled vocabulary for unifying gene expression data.

Expression data contribute significantly to the biological value of the sequenced human genome, providing extensive information about gene structure and the pattern of gene expression. ESTs, together with SAGE libraries and microarray experiment information, provide a broad and rich view of the transcriptome. However, it is difficult to perform large-scale expression mining of the data generated by these diverse experimental approaches. Not only is the data stored in disparate locations, but there is frequent ambiguity in the meaning of terms used to describe the source of the material used in the experiment. Untangling semantic differences between the data provided by different resources is therefore largely reliant on the domain knowledge of a human expert. We present here eVOC, a system which associates labelled target cDNAs for microarray experiments, or cDNA libraries and their associated transcripts with controlled terms in a set of hierarchical vocabularies. eVOC consists of four orthogonal controlled vocabularies suitable for describing the domains of human gene expression data including Anatomical System, Cell Type, Pathology and Developmental Stage. We have curated and annotated 7016 cDNA libraries represented in dbEST, as well as 104 SAGE libraries,with expression information,and provide this as an integrated, public resource that allows the linking of transcripts and libraries with expression terms. Both the vocabularies and the vocabulary-annotated libraries can be retrieved from http://www.sanbi.ac.za/evoc/. Several groups are involved in developing this resource with the aim of unifying transcript expression information.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

microntology: a lightweight, data-driven controlled vocabulary to describe earth's microbial habitats.

MOTIVATION: Data-enabled studies of microbial ecology and evolution depend on high-quality descriptions of microbial habitats, based on curated and consolidated vocabularies. RESULTS: We introduce microntology v1.0, a pragmatic controlled vocabulary of 148 terms to describe microbial habitats and lifestyles, and provide manually curated microntology annotations for >300k metagenomic samples from public repositories. AVAILABILITY: microntology controlled vocabulary terms and term hierarchies (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.19730167), and curated annotations for 305 626 metagenomic samples (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.18164252) are available via Zenodo and spire.embl.de/downloads. Underlying code is available via github.com/grp-schmidt/microntology and Zenodo (doi: 10.5281/zenodo.20323497). User feedback, suggestions and bug reports are welcome at github.com/grp-schmidt/microntology/issues.

Ecosystem↗
PubMed1979

Factor analysis of breadth and depth dimensions on Wechsler's Similarities and Vocabulary Subscales.

Previous research (Bailey, Lazar, & Edinger, 1977) has indicated the presence of Breadth and Depth factors on the Similarities subscale of the WAIS. The present study (N = 102) analyzed these two factors further, by using measures of Breadth and Depth on both the Similarities and Vocabulary subscales. Several other measures also were studied, including a Comprehension index, SAT scores, and GPA. Results of a factor analysis with oblique rotation revealed distinct Breadth and Depth factors, which strongly supported the theoretical rationale of the study. The Breadth factor seems to reflect broad-range skills of the type required on conventional IQ tests, while the Depth factor is less theoretically clear. It is suggested that Depth involves an effort component as well as ability because the S is required to provide more than a single correct answer for a given item.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Intelligence testing in early old age. The correlation between the multiple-choice vocabulary test (MCVT-B) and the progressive matrices test (PMT) in a patient cohort in early old age].

Taking a random sample of 147 patients a substantial correlation of 0.54 between the "Mehrfachwahl-Wortschatz-Test (MWT-B)" by Lehrl and the "Progressiver Matrizen-Test" by Raven could be found. The MWT-B did not show significant differences between the age groups of 34-44 years, 45-54 years and 55-64 years. In the PMT differences between the age groups only showed up when the raw-scores were converted to IQ-scores (reffering to the corresponding age groups). Using the raw-scores no significant differences could be determined. Investigating an average IQ of 109 in the PMT, we found an average IQ of 97 in the MWT-B for the same patients. A main reason for the superelevated IQ-scores in PMT seems to be the reference to different age groups. A new standardization of the test should be undertaken.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Comprehension and memory of prose materials by young and old adults.

Twenty-seven young (X- = 27.3 years) and twenty-seven old (X- = 67.7 years) female volunteers participated in a study of the effect of vocabulary level upon memory and comprehension of prose materials. Comprehension was measured by presenting five multiple choice questions simultaneously with half of the prose passages. Memory was measured with the rest of the materials by presenting questions only after a passage was completed and removed from sight. The results indicated that age-related differences varied inversely with vocabulary levels but did not interact with type of task. No significant differences were found between age groups at the highest vocabulary level. The parallel findings for the two tasks suggest that inadequate comprehension represents one major factor underlying age-related differences in the retention of meaningful materials. A second memory task, not dependent upon accuracy of comprehension, indicated age-related differences at all vocabulary levels. This suggests that old adults may also hve deficits in the ability to maintain in store and/or retrieve meaningful materials.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Verbal tests and transsexualism.

Gender discriminating vocabulary tests administered to a consecutive series of 53 male transsexuals show different results. The Slater Selective Vocabulary Test, Cohen's factors and the Terman-Miles Attitude Interest Analysis Test (M-F) show male transsexuals to have a higher degree of feminization than normal controls. The Wechsler-Bellevue Vocabulary Test and the Wechsler M-F Test are difficult to interpret, and do not show a clear trend of feminization in transsexual males. The investigation has shown that male transsexuals have a vocabulary which differs from that of normal males in the direction of greater feminization.

Humans↗
PubMed1979

Parental correlates of drug use among young Puerto Rican adults.

A study was conducted by interview with 635 young Puerto Rican adults in Puerto Rico. Half of the sample were selected as high risk of heroin involvement, half as low risk. Parent-child relationships and parental usage of alcohol and cigarettes were related to five indices of heroin involvement. For boys, maternal acceptance was negatively associated with having ever tried heroin. Higher levels of maternal control were associated with lesser heroin use, never having tried heroin, less knowledge of heroin-related vocabulary, and fewer friends who had used heroin. Being the mother's favorite child was associated with less approval of heroin use. For boys, paternal acceptance was related to less knowledge of heroin vocabulary. Higher levels of paternal control went with less heroin use, less knowledge of heroin vocabulary, never having tried heroin, and few friends who used heroin. Paternal discipline was related to fewer friends using heroin. For girls, maternal control was associated with less knowledge of heroin vocabulary, maternal discipline with fewer friends using heroin, and being the mother's favorite child went with low heroin use, low approval for heroin use, and few friends using heroin. For girls, paternal acceptance and paternal discipline were associated with fewer friends using heroin. Maternal smoking and drinking were associated with increased usage of heroin for her son.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Intelligence and imagery in personality.

One hundred college undergraduates were administered the Richardson revision of the Gordon Test of Visual Imagery Control, the Betts-Sheehan Questionnaire Upon Mental Imagery, and the Shipley-Hartford Institute of Living Scale. The latter provided a conceptual quotient (CQ) score of intellectual impairment based upon a ratio between vocabulary and abstraction scores. Subjects with CQs above 100 had significantly higher control scores (p less than .02). High control subjects had significantly higher total IQ scores than did low control subjects (p less than .04). Subjects with high and medium range control had higher vocabulary scores than those with low control. This suggests possible assessment of proneness toward introverted and extraverted neuroticism based upon a combination type of imagery score and the ratio between abstract or vocabulary scores. The connection of imagery with dimensions of IQ may be a start toward a more refined measure of this aspect of personality. Problems and implications are discussed.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed2026

Flexible use of conserved motifs constrains genome access in cell type evolution.

Cell types can be organized into related families, but the regulatory mechanisms that define and maintain these families across deep evolutionary time remain unknown. Here, combining single-nucleus multi-omic sequencing with deep learning to analyse the accessible genomes of two groups of vastly divergent animals including flatworms and vertebrates, we find that hundreds of accessibility-dictating sequence motifs partition into distinct yet conserved sets, or 'vocabularies', each associated with a specific cell type family. However, combinatorial relationships among these motifs preferred by individual cell types are largely species specific. Deep-learning models trained on one species accurately predict family-level chromatin accessibility in distantly related species, albeit frequently rely on different motifs from shared vocabularies to reach convergent predictions. By contrast, models trained on individual cell types within a family lose cross-species predictive power, indicating that the regulatory syntax governing cell type-level identity evolves rapidly. We propose a 'collective maintenance' model in which motif vocabularies defining cell type families are evolutionarily stable, while recombination of these motifs generates cell type-specific regulatory programmes. This suggests that family identity is maintained collectively by large, conserved pools of regulatory factors, analogous to the logic of developmental homology, where character identity persists through network-level conservation despite extensive rewiring.

Journal Article↗