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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2005

Investigation of histopathological and cytogenetic effects on Lepomis gibbosus (Pisces: Perciformes) in the Cine stream (Aydin/Turkey) with determination of water pollution.

Water quality and the distribution of some heavy metals in three different organs of Lepomis gibbosus from the Cine Stream were studied. Also, histopathological changes in gill, liver, and muscle tissue were examined at light microscopical level. Micronucleus (MN) formation in fish erytrocytes, as an indicator of chromosomal damage, has been increasingly used to detect the genotoxic potential of environmental contaminants. The frequency of MN was examined from samples of fish from the Cine Stream and a control group. MN frequency was higher in fish samples caught from the Cine Stream than that in the control group. The chemicals ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, orthophosphate, and sulphate were determined as parameters that possibly affect the gill, liver, and muscle morphology. Zn was the most accumulated metal in tissues as well as in water. Maximum metal accumulation occurred in both liver and gills. For histopathological examinations, samples of gills, liver, and muscle tissues of L. gibbosus were studied by using light microscopy. In this study, a significant decrease in mean length of primary and secondary lamellae were observed. Moreover, cellular proliferation developed with secondary lamellae fusion, ballooning degenerations or club deformation of secondary lamellae, as well as distribution of necrotic, hyperplastic and clavate secondary lamellae. In the liver, altered staining, swollen and ruptured parenchymal cells, loss of cord structure, reduce of glycogen in hepatocytes, and vacuolar structure filled with cellular debris and many dark particles were seen. In muscle tissue, focal necrosis, cellular dissolution, and a decline or loss of striation in muscle fibres were found.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Bacterial accumulation by Branchiomma luctuosum (Annelida: Polychaeta): a tool for biomonitoring marine systems and restoring polluted waters.

In this study, we examined the bacterial accumulation in the filter feeder polychaete Branchiomma luctuosumGrube (Sabellidae). Analyses were performed on worm homogenates from 'unstarved' and 'starved' individuals, and seawater from the same sampling site (Gulf of Taranto, Western Mediterranean, Italy). Densities of culturable heterotrophic bacteria (22 degrees C), total culturable bacteria at 37 degrees C and halophilic vibrios at 22 and 35 degrees C were measured on Marine Agar 2216, Plate Count Agar and thiosulphate-citrate-bile-salt-agar (TCBS) plus 2% NaCl, respectively. Total and faecal coliforms as well as faecal streptococci were determined by the Most Probable Number method. Results showed that B. luctuosum is able to accumulate all the considered six microbiological groups with a higher efficiency for autochthonous bacteria. The analysis also indicated that bacterial groups differ in their resistance to digestion by B. luctuosum. Our data suggest the potential role of B. luctuosum as an useful bioindicator to assess low levels of microbiological water pollution as well as bioremediator of microbial polluted waters.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Relationship between bacteria decomposing organic substances and water pollution in river water].

In order to clarify the relationship between water pollution and bacteria decomposing organic substances, 48 samples of river water were collected at twelve stations of the Chikuma-Sai river system. The bacteria decomposing organic substances were enumerated and identified by GM plates, which contained fewer organic substances than agar plates. Sixteen biological-physicochemical examinations of the river water were also performed. The results were as follows: temperature and dissolved oxygen in river water influenced the number of bacteria decomposing organic substances; proportions of bacteria decomposing degradable organic substances were higher in summer and spring than those in winter and autumn; the proportions of bacteria decomposing undegradable organic substances were higher in winter and autumn than those in other seasons. Organic substances were decomposed mainly by Aeromonas, a coliform group of facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative rods, and Pseudomonas, Gram-negative aerobic rods. Organic substances decomposed by facultatively anaerobic Gram-negative rods were much more degradable than those decomposed by Gram-negative aerobic rods. It seemed that the bacterial population of Aeromonas and the coliform group in river water increased with increases in the effluent of domestic and sewage abundant in degradable organic substances. Although Gram-positive rods were hardly isolated from river water, most of them decomposed undegradable organic substances. These results suggest that most bacteria decomposing organic substances are mainly distributed in river water and soil, and that modification of the river environment influences self-purification of rivers.

Bacteria↗
PubMed1982

Naegleria fowleri in thermally polluted waters).

Two complexes of lakes and canals supplying water for two electric power plants, their steam condensors and an adjoining river were investigated by means of culture methods for the presence of Naegleria fowleri in Poland in the period from 1974 to 1980. Sixty-four strains of N. fowleri were isolated, 13 isolates being virulent for mice when instilled intranasally. These strains were found in the steam condensor of the power station A and in waters polluted with warm water of this plant. Pathogenic N. fowleri strains occurred also in an adjoining river connected with the water system of the power plant. The results show the possible role of the steam condensor A as an incubator and regular source of pollution with pathogenic amoebae for its own system of cooling waters and even the adjoining river.

Amoeba↗
PubMed1992

[Nitrate water pollution of drinking water in the Bydgoszcz district].

The study was undertaken to evaluate the degree of drinking water pollution in the towns and countryside of the Bydgoszcz District, supplied by various installations, on the basis of the results of investigations of sanitary-epidemiological stations. Evaluation was done according to the state in 1985 as compared with that of 1981 to establish the eventual dynamics of the changes. The data presented in the tables indicate that the water supplied by the big water lines (public and institutional) does not contain nitrate quantities exceeding the norm (above 10 mg N/dm3). Their presence at a 20 mg N level/dm3 was found only in four (1.5%) lines supplying large state farms. Small installations were much more frequently polluted with nitrates, especially public wells and those of local institutions, a total of 8.8% in towns and as many as 17% in the country, where a tendency to deterioration of this state is also visible in contrast to the towns. Among the plants and institutions supplied by these water sources the situation is most unfavourable in agriculture, schools, educational and food producing and distributing establishments. The nitrate concentration in the analysed water varied in general within the limits of 10-30 mg N/dm3, maximal amounts within 60-200 mg N/dm3, showing an about 50% decrease in the compared time periods. Nitrates occur most frequently and in highest concentrations in water of wells belonging to individual households which supply about 50% of the rural population and about 11% of town dwellers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Nitrates↗
PubMed2004

Histological evidence of intersex in feral sharptooth catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from an estrogen-polluted water source in Gauteng, South Africa.

This is the first histological evidence of intersex in a fish species inhabiting a South African water source. One hundred catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were collected randomly from the Marais Dam (MD) and the Rietvlei Dam (RVD) in the Rietvlei Nature Reserve (RNR), South Africa. These dams drain water from a stream that receives effluent from industrial sites, agricultural activities, informal settlements, and municipal treatment plants. Each fish was evaluated macroscopically and had blood drawn, and its gonads were macroscopically and histologically examined to verify intersex potentially related to endocrine disruption. Gonadal histology of several fish showed primary oocytes scattered in testicular tissue, indicative of intersex. The results showed intersexuality in 20% of fish from both the dams. The GSI value for intersex fish was closer to male GSI values, suggesting that the sampled intersex fish were more likely to have occurred from the feminization of male catfish. Target chemical analyses showed that the water, sediment, and serum samples tested positive for p-nonylphenol (p-NP). The p-NP level in water and sediment at MD was 6360 and 4.0 microg/kg, respectively, whereas in sediment at RVD it was 113 microg/kg. Commonly found in the effluent from sewage treatment plants, p-NP in water and sediment indicates estrogenic water pollution, which might affect wildlife and humans dependent on these sources.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Relationship between water pollution and bacterial flora in river water].

To clarify the relationship between water pollution and bacterial flora in rivers, 132 samples of river water were collected at eleven stations of the Chikuma-Sai river system from April 1985 to March 1986, and 29 biological-physicochemical examinations for indices of water pollution were done using these samples. Species and genus of bacteria in 485 isolates from bacterial flora were identified. Although variations of bacterial flora were seen among sampling stations and sampling seasons, most isolated bacteria were Gram-negative (96.7-100%) with Pseudomonas (25.0-90.0%), Acinetobacter (0-43.8%) and Aeromonas (0-12.5%) occurring predominantly. The principal-component analysis of the data from water pollution indices indicated that the water pollution could be divided into two groups: One was categorized as organic pollution because of the strong relationship to the total plate count, the Bacillus number, coliforms, yeast and dissolved oxygen; the other as visible pollution because of strong relationship to transparency, chemical oxygen demand and suspended solids. Cluster analysis was applied to 19 indices of water pollution with strong relationships to the river pollution, indicating that five stages of river water pollution could be shown visually. The studies on the relationship between water pollution and bacterial flora in river showed that Pseudomonas, the coliform group, Pasteurella, Aeromonas, Acinetobacter, Achromobacter and Bacillus were strongly related to the organic pollution, and Flavobacterium, Moraxella and Pseudomonas (non-growth on MacConkey agar) to the visible pollution. It seemed that the more organic substances exceeded the capacity for self-purification of the river, the more the bacterial populations of Aeromonas, Pasteurella, Pseudomonas and the coliform group increased.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2006

An index directly indicates land-based pollutant load contributions of domestic wastewater to the water pollution and its application.

As indices directly indicate land-based pollutant load contributions to public water pollution, pollutant load per capita flowing into the water body (PLCwb) for the drainage areas of inner city rivers in Chiba City, Chiba Prefecture, Japan, was analyzed. It was reaffirmed that PLCwb was different by the drainage area. For example, the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) load per capita flowing into the water body (PLCwb-BOD) was calculated as 0.83 g BOD person(-1) day(-1) for population served with wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). In regards to the three types of on-site domestic wastewater treatment methods in Japan: 0.4-2.1 g BOD person(-1) day(-1) for combined jokaso (CJ), 4.5-21 g BOD person(-1) day(-1) for simple jokaso (SJ) and 4.3-19 g BOD person(-1) day(-1) for night soil treatment (NST). In regards to nutrient parameters of the three on-site treatment methods, population weighted average of PLCwb was [corrected] almost the same, however, relatively small PLCwb was [corrected] observed for CJ and SJ comparing to that for NST expecially in the drainage areas with smaller reaching ratios. [corrected] Environmental accounting housekeeping (EAH) books for domestic wastewater were prepared based on the analysis results as the application of the indices. EAH books are effective tools for water pollution mitigation in public water bodies. The results of the preliminary correlation analysis of the indices showed that high-efficiency treatment methods including WWTP, agriculture village wastewater treatment facility (AVETF) and CJ are effective in reducing pollutant load flowing into the water body, and that PLCwb have second-order equation relationships with population density of the drainage area. Judging from these characteristics and the analytical results of this study, PLCwb may be useful as an index for demonstrating the benefit of wastewater treatment in reduction of water pollution in the water body.

Cities↗