SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Water avoidance stress”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

12 recordsLinked to original sources

PubMed2026

Sex-Dependent Microbial and Host Profiles Following Fecal Microbiota and Bifidobacterium longum Treatment in Stress-Induced Gut Dysbiosis.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder influenced by stress, microbial dysbiosis, and immune activation. Microbiota-directed therapies, including fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotics, show promise, but their sex-specific effects remain unclear. We compared the therapeutic effects of lyophilized fecal microbiota (LFM) with Bifidobacterium longum BBH016 in male and female Wistar rats subjected to repeated water avoidance stress. METHODS: Fecal pellet output (FPO), colonic mast cell infiltration, and fecal short-chain fatty acids were measured. Gut microbial composition and function were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway prediction. RESULTS: Both interventions significantly reduced FPO and mast cell infiltration in males but had less pronounced effects in females. Microbiota analyses revealed sex-dependent responses, with distinct microbial trajectories in each treatment group. Using linear discriminant analysis effect size, we identified seven key taxa with treatment- or sex-specific enrichment. Alistipes onderdonkii and Bacteroides uniformis consistently increased in both LFM- and B. longum-treated groups, regardless of sex. Bacteroides finegoldii and Barnesiella intestinihominis were specifically enriched in the LFM group. In males, Blautia faecis and Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans were enriched following the interventions, whereas Parabacteroides goldsteinii appeared exclusively in stressed males. Functional predictions revealed the enrichment of estrogen signaling and bile acid pathways in males and the attenuation of proinflammatory pathways in females following LFM. Correlations between microbial taxa and host outcomes were predominantly observed in male rats. CONCLUSIONS: These findings highlight sex-specific microbial and host responses to microbiota-targeted therapies in a stress-induced IBS model, emphasizing sex as a biological variable in designing personalized microbiome-based treatments.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

Evidence against a role for prolactin in osmoregulation in the rat: water balance studies.

Adult rats were subjected to hydration and dehydration experiments. Blood samples were obtained via indwelling jugular cannulae or after rapid decapitation. In the experiments attention was given to the avoidance of stress. Intravenous infusion with 5 ml distilled water in 50 minutes in males and lactating females did not affect the plasma prolactin (PRL) concentration, although it caused a significant drop in plasma osmolarity. Dehydration obtained by injecting furosemide, while resulting in a marked increase in plasma osmolarity, had no effect on the plasma PRL level in male rats. Thirst experiments for 2, 3 and 4 days, which likewise caused a rise in plasma osmotic value, had no significant influence on plasma PRL. It is concluded that PRL in the adult rat is not important in water retention or for the regulation of plasma osmolarity.

Animals↗

PubMed1975

Avoidance behaviour peculiarities induced by chronic treatment with L-DOPA in the neonatal period.

The aim of the research was to observe the effects of chronic treatment with L-DOPA in the neonatal period on reactivity in avoidance situations, the sympatheticoadrenal system being known to be constantly involved in the response to stress. At 3 weeks from birth the experimental group (52 chronically L-DOPA injected animals) was tested for the unconditioned avoidance behaviour (light-avoidance) limits, the capacity for learning and retaining a noxious significance in comparison to two control groups (53 animals injected with distilled water and 53 free of any such stress). The animals injected with L-DOPA since birth were significantly less than controls able to recall the noxioux significance they had trained on a single session and they extinguished eariler than controls did the conditioned passive avoidance response. The results are discussed from the point of view of the neurohormonal influence involved in setting up the specific avoidance phenotype.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

[The treatment of acid-base imbalance in the intensive care of respiratory diseases].

After giving an outline of pneumogenic respiratory insufficiency, signally that deriving from chronic obstructive bronchopulmonary disease, the Authors describe the intensive care of respiratory insufficiency, first from the anesthesiologist's point of view and then in a broader medical sense. In regard to the latter, the Authors emphasize the importance of material equipment and staff training and teamwork; they also list a number of possible iatrogenic disorders in intensive care. Next they discuss medical aids and more specifically the machinery designed to assist respiration, such as pulmonary ventilators and the "iron lung", as implements that can be used to advantage in medical wards. Then they describe the elements to be used for a correct assessmnet of the severity of respiratory insufficiency, under the following subheadings:--state of coma, if present;--state of acid-base balance, oxemia, and water and electrolyte balance;--circulatory compensation or failure;--need for correcting bronchial obstruction. Through several representative examples concerning the medical correction of alterations of CO2, pH, electrolyte composition, and water and blood volumes, they describe the therapeutic measures to be undertaken particularly as regards the metabolic sequels (alkalosis or acidosis) that may occur in the course of treatment. Coming next to intensive care utilizing mechanical devices, they stress the importance of monitoring the parameters of humoral balance during (and even more so, after) said treatment, in view of avoiding the emergence of iatrogenic disturbances such as the reventilation syndrome and the syndrome of post-hypercapnic metabolic alkalosis.

Acetazolamide↗

PubMed1979

Iatrogenic nondiabetic hyperosmolar states.

Four cases of the iatrogenic nondiabetic hyperosmolar state are presented. The clinical presentation, biochemical findings and management are discussed. No hypertonic solution should be infused at a rate above the level of patient tolerance; irrigation of a hollow viscus with a hypertonic solution should be avoided, and salt should not be used as an emetic. Patients under stress are particularly prone to this condition, largely because of the high circulating cortisol levels. The use of corticosteroids, salt-containing solutions in excess of patient requirements, water depletion and intravenous nutrition in the absence of careful biochemical monitoring, are all factors which may precipitate the hyperosmolar state in the critically ill.

Acid-Base Imbalance↗

PubMed1976

Susceptibility of volume stress in Colisa fasciatus.

Intraperitoneal injections of 0.6% NaC1, commonly used as injection vehicle, at 10 mul/g, but not at 5 mul/g. elicit significant (p less than .05) transitory erythropenia, leucopenia, and thrombopenia at selected post-injection time intervals in female Colisa fasciatus, a fresh water teleost. It is suggested that administration of large volumes of injection fluid per gram body weight of experimental animals should be avoided lest it might distort physiological parameters, particularly those relating to blood components, under study.

Animals↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment options in multiple chemical sensitivity.

The essential features of treatment for chemical sensitivity are: 1) Encouraging the provision of clean air, food, water, and surroundings. 2) Identifying substances to which the patient is sensitive, with subsequent a) enhanced avoidance, or b) specific immunotherapy to reduce the patient's reactivity to those substances. 3) Assessing and enhancing the patient's nutritional status to maximize the body's ability to detoxify and to minimize the free-radical production and oxidative stress of xenobiotics. 4) Addressing concurrent problems such as infections, immunosuppression, and other medical conditions in an appropriate fashion. 5) Evaluating the patient's psychologic status and addressing any social and emotional problems in a compassionate manner. The author believes that multiple chemical sensitivity is a real condition with documented physiologic abnormalities. It is not a functional or psychologic illness or a belief system of the patient. Second, this condition is diagnosable and treatable by various means. These treatment options not only make common sense but usually result in significant improvement for these unfortunate patients, who deserve the very best efforts of their health care providers.

Behavior Therapy↗

PubMed1975

Stimulus generalization of suppression in rats following aversively motivated instrumental or Pavlovian training.

Following 100 or 300 avoidance training trials, instrumental subjects and their yoked Pavlovian counterparts were tested for generalization of lick suppression along the frequency dimension of the avoidance conditioned stimulus. Gradients of stimulus control were evident after 300 instrumental avoidance training trials, and additional intradimensional Pavlovian discrimination training further sharpened the gradients. After 100 trials, the yoked Pavlovian subjects suppressed more than their instrumental counterparts. However, with increased Pavlovian training, flatter gradients with decreased suppression were obtained. Results from a second experiment revealed that, whereas Pavlovian experience decreased suppression to the tone, subjects suppressed drinking in the presence of static, environmental cues. Data from both experiments supported interpretations that stress the role of response control over environmental events.

Acoustic Stimulation↗

PubMed1978

Some problems with antacids.

The author points out that because a high intake of Vitamin D and calcium is normally encouraged in pregnancy, care should be taken in the prescription of certain antacids likely to cause alkalosis. Calcium-containing antacids are probably best avoided because of nocturnal acid rebound. Because of undesirable fluid retention in some situations in pregnancy caution should be exercised in the use of sodium-containing antacids. The very high sodium content of some antacids is stressed.

Alkalosis↗

PubMed1977

The applicability of inescapable shock as a source of animal depression.

Male rats (N = 27) were given initial experience with escapable shock, equivalent amounts of inescapable shock, or no shock. Measures were then obtained in the ensuing 15 hours on food intake, water intake, number of cage crossings, and weight change for all groups. Following this, animals were tested on an escape task. Inescapably shocked animals showed significant decreases in food and water consumption in comparison to both nonshocked and escapably shocked control rats. Weight gains were significantly decreased by exposure to shock irrespective of the availability of a coping response. Consistency of these findings with proposals suggesting that exposure to inescapable shock leads to a state of animal depression (learned helplessness) is discussed and compared to alternative stress explanations.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

Effect of chlorine dioxide and metabolites on glutathione dependent system in rat, mouse and chicken blood.

Chlorine dioxide (Cl02) has been proposed as an alternative disinfectant to chlorine to avoid formation of organohalides. Cl02 and metabolites, chlorite (Cl0-2) and chlorate (Cl0-3) in drinking water produced decreases in rat and chicken blood GSH. The GSH dependent system was studied in rat and chicken blood after chronic treatment for 6 months with CL02 (0, 1, 10, 100, 1000 MG/L), Cl0-2 or Cl0-3 (10, 100 mg/l) in drinking water. There was a 60% increase in GSH reductase in the Cl02 treatment groups of rats and chickens. A similar increase was shown in rats treated with Cl0-2 but with Cl0-3 no change was observed. GSH peroxidase was without change in rat but chickens drinking 1000 mg/l Cl02 had decreased activity. Catalase was significantly higher than control in rat and chicken in the 1000 mg/l groups. However, catalase activity was decreased in rat treated with Cl0-2 and at the same time that GSH was decreased. These studies support the view that catalase is the first line of defense against the oxidative stress of Cl02 in rat and chicken erythrocytes.

Animals↗

PubMed1979

The influence of heat treatments on several types of base-metal removable partial denture alloys.

Four removable partial denture alloys, Vitallium (Co-Cr alloy), Dentillium P.D. (Fe-Cr alloy), Durallium L.G. (Co-Cr-Ni alloy), and Ticonium 100 (Ni-Cr alloy), were evaluated in the as-cast condition and after heat treatment for 15 minutes at 1,300 degrees, 1,600 degrees, 1,900 degrees, and 2,200 degrees F followed by quenching in water. The following properties were determined and compared for each alloy at each heat treatment condition: the yield strengths at 0.01%, 0.1%, and 0.2% offsets, the ultimate tensile strength, the percent elongation, the modulus of elasticity, and the Knoop microhardness. The results were statistically analyzed. Photomicrographs were examined for each alloy and test condition. The following conclusions were made: 1. The "highest values" were exhibited by the as-cast alloy. 2. Heat treatment of the partial denture alloys tested resulted in reductions in strength, while the elongations varied. This study demonstrates that, in practice, one should avoid (a) prolonged "heat-soaking" while soldering and (b) grinding or polishing of the casting until the alloy is "red hot". 3. Durallium L.G. was the least affected by the various heat treatment conditions. 4. Conventional reporting of the yield strength at 0.2% offset, the ultimate tensile strength, and percent elongation are not adequate to completely describe and compare the mechanical behavior of alloys. The reporting of the yield strength at 0.01% offset, in addition to the other reported properties, will provide a more complete description of the behavior of the dental alloys.

Chromium↗