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At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources
PubMed2004

Care pathways for south Asian and white people with depressive and anxiety disorders in the community.

BACKGROUND: South Asian people with common mental disorders are less likely to have their problems recognised by their general practitioner and have lower rates of uptake of psychiatric services compared to native born white people. Less consideration has been given to their understanding of their mental health problems, their use of alternative supports and the treatment they receive in primary care. METHODS: A general population sample identified, using a semi-structured diagnostic interview, as having DSM-IIIR depressive or anxiety disorders was obtained. South Asian and white participants' appraisal of their mental health problems and their use of informal and formal assistance during the period they were unwell in the previous 6 months were compared. RESULTS: There was no difference between south Asian and white people, either in what they understood to be the matter with them or in what they perceived to be the cause of their problems. No south Asian participants reported seeking help from lay or traditional healers, while white people more often discussed their problems with a relative or friend. Most south Asian people consulted their GP and this was significantly higher than for whites. However, only around half the people in both groups reported disclosing their problem to a GP and only one in ten received psychiatric medication or was referred to specialist psychiatric services. CONCLUSIONS: Along with public education and GP training, the availability of appropriate and acceptable interventions for south Asian, and indeed white people, with common mental disorders consulting in primary care is key to ensuring that they gain access to necessary mental health care.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Relative permissiveness of macrophages from black and white people for virulent tubercle bacilli.

Epidemiological, clinical, and histopathological evidence suggests that black people are more susceptible to tuberculosis than are white people. The cellular basis of this putative susceptibility was investigated in vitro by comparing responses of blood-derived macrophages from black and white donors to experimental infection with virulent tubercle bacilli. Phagocytes from pairs of black and white donors were infected. The uptake and replication of the tubercle bacilli in these cells were measured by microscopic counts and by CFU counts of bacilli at 0, 4, and 7 days. The effects of donor serum, of 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3, and gamma interferon on the infection also were studied. Black-donor phagocytes killed more bacilli during phagocytosis than white-donor phagocytes did. However, the bacilli grew consistently and significantly faster in successfully infected macrophages from black than from white donors, especially in the presence of black-donor serum. 1,25-(OH)2-vitamin D3 gave significantly less protection against tubercle bacilli to macrophages from black donors than to macrophages from white donors. The permissiveness of the macrophages from the two races was affected equally by gamma interferon. These results demonstrate some inherent and environmental liabilities in the monocytic phagocytes and serum of black people compared with white people, which may contribute to their greater susceptibility to tuberculosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Musculoskeletal pain is more generalised among people from ethnic minorities than among white people in Greater Manchester.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms among the major ethnic minority populations of Greater Manchester. METHOD: The study group was a community sample of 2117 adults from the Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and African Caribbean communities. Questionnaires administered by post and by an interviewer were used to assess the presence of any musculoskeletal pain, pain in specific joints, and the level of physical function. Ethnicity was self assigned. The results were compared with those from a recent study in the local white population using the same methodology. RESULTS: Overall response rate was 75% among the south Asian (Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi community and 47% among the African Caribbean community. The profile of musculoskeletal pain among the ethnic minority groups differed from that in the white population. Although musculoskeletal symptoms were slightly more prevalent among people from ethnic minority groups than among the white population, pain in multiple sites was considerably more common among ethnic minorities. CONCLUSIONS: The finding that musculoskeletal pain is more widespread among ethnic minority communities in the UK has not previously been reported. This may reflect social, cultural, and psychological differences. The cause of the differences in the profile of pain and the health needs that follow need further investigation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Ethnic minorities' racial attitudes and contact experiences with white people.

In this article, the authors examine the relationship between ethnic minorities' racial attitudes and their intergroup contact experiences with White people. In Studies 1 and 2, the authors demonstrate that the more negative the racial attitudes held by ethnic minorities, the less positive their interactions are with White friends and roommates. With a daily report methodology, Study 2 revealed that ethnic minorities' racial attitudes predicted the decline in the quality of their intergroup contact experiences over a 3-week period. In Study 3, the authors examined a possible mechanism underlying the relationship between racial attitudes and intergroup contact, as well as the influence of ethnic minorities' racial attitudes on White participants' experiences in intergroup contact settings. The authors discuss the findings in terms of the importance of examining ethnic minorities' attitudes in research on intergroup relations.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Urinary protein and essential hypertension in black and in white people.

The objectives of this work were to examine the association between urinary protein and blood pressure and to compare the pattern of urinary protein excretion with essential hypertension in people of European origin (whites) and in people of African or African-Caribbean origin (blacks) living in southwest London, United Kingdom. In the groups as a whole, there were no significant differences in total urinary protein excretion between blacks and whites (geometric means [95% CI]: 94.0 [85.9 to 102.9] mg/24h for the blacks [n=151] and 102.1 [96.1 to 108.4] mg/24h for the whites [n= 219]). There were also no significant differences between blacks and whites in urinary albumin (6.5 [4.9 to 8.5] mg/24h for the blacks [n=97] and 7.1 [5.6 to 9.0] mg/24h for the whites [n=123]). In both groups, those with essential hypertension displayed a significantly raised urinary protein excretion (1.21-fold higher for the blacks and 1.19-fold higher for the whites) and albumin excretion (1.69-fold higher for the blacks and 2.40-fold higher for the whites). Urinary transferrin excretion measured in a subgroup of 67 subjects was also raised in those with essential hypertension (3.22-fold higher in the blacks and 2.76-fold higher in the whites). Examination of urinary proteins by SDS-PAGE did not identify any pattern consistent with a reduction in renal tubular protein reabsorption in those with essential hypertension. These results suggest that the increase in protein excretion in essential hypertension could be due, at least in part, to an increase in glomerular protein ultrafiltration.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Risk factors leading to coronary heart disease among the black, Indian and white peoples of Durban.

This paper compares and contrasts the important risk factors which may predispose to coronary heart disease (CHD) in the Black, Indian and White peoples of Durban. CHD is very common the Whites and Indians in South Africa. In contrast CHD is still uncommon in the Blacks of South Africa. Indians living in South Africa have a higher prevalence of CHD compared to Indians in India.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

First episodes of psychosis in Afro-Caribbean and White people. An 18-year follow-up population-based study.

BACKGROUND: There have been few prospective studies of the long-term outcome of psychosis in people of Afro-Caribbean origin in the UK. METHOD: We followed-up a population-based, consecutive series of 34 Afro-Caribbean and 54 White people with psychosis who had been extensively investigated during their first admission in 1973/74. Diagnoses were made by direct interview using the Present State Examination at both first admission and follow-up. RESULTS: Ninety-seven percent of the original sample were traced. A slightly greater proportion of the Afro-Caribbean people were assigned to the S+ Catego class (schizophrenia), both on first assessment and at follow-up. No difference was found between the two groups in the consistency of diagnosis over the 18 years or in the proportion of patients considered psychotic but Afro-Caribbean people tended to have fewer negative symptoms at follow-up. There were striking differences between the two groups in their experience of psychiatric care; Afro-Caribbean people were more likely to have been readmitted, to have experienced longer hospitalisations, and to have undergone more involuntary admissions than their White counterparts. CONCLUSIONS: Afro-Caribbean people who met clinical and research criteria for schizophrenia had a less satisfactory experience of, and response to, psychiatric care over 18 years than their White counterparts.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

The case for change. Implications of the 'Caring for People' White Paper.

The 1989 White Paper 'Caring for People' announced a radical shift in the way community care was to be delivered. The changes are now upon us and will affect all people with disabilities living in the community. They will also require nurses and social workers to work more closely together.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1993

Comparison of coronary heart disease mortality risk between black and white people with diabetes.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the leading cause of mortality among people with diabetes. Although diabetes is more prevalent among blacks than among whites, little is known about CHD risk among black people with diabetes. We performed a case-control analysis to assess CHD mortality risk among people with diabetes. Coronary heart disease mortality cases were identified from the 1986 National Mortality Followback Survey, and controls were taken from behavioral risk factor surveys conducted in 35 states in 1988. In the young age groups (men younger than 45 years and women younger than 55), both white and black people with diabetes and no other CHD risk factors had about a thirteen-fold greater risk of CHD mortality compared to people without diabetes and with no other CHD risk factors. In the older age groups, diabetes was associated with a lower risk of CHD mortality among blacks (OR = 1.6) than among whites (OR = 2.5). With the exception of smoking in young people with diabetes, we found smoking, high blood pressure, and body mass to carry generally similar relative risks of CHD mortality in black people with diabetes as in white people with diabetes. Further study of other CHD risk factors is needed in black people with diabetes.

Black People↗
PubMed2003

Is the blood pressure of people from African origin adults in the UK higher or lower than that in European origin white people? A review of cross-sectional data.

The aim of the study was to review published evidence on whether blood pressure (BP) levels and the prevalence of hypertension are higher in adult populations of African descent living in the UK as compared to the white population. A systematic literature review was carried out using MEDLINE 1966-2002 and EMBASE 1980-2002 and citations from references. In all, 14 studies were identified. Nearly all studies were carried out in the London area. The data showed important differences between studies in terms of age and sex of samples, definition of African/black and methods of evaluating BP. A total of 10 studies reported higher mean systolic BPs, while 11 studies reported higher mean diastolic BPs in men from African descent compared to white men. In women, 10 of 12 studies reported higher systolic, and 10 of 12 studies reported higher diastolic BPs. For prevalence of hypertension, eight of 10 studies reported higher rates in men from African descent; eight of nine studies showed higher rates of hypertension in women from African descent. Overall, the most representative sample and up-to-date data came from the Health Survey for England '99. Ethnic group differences in BP were not present in the younger age groups. Women of African descent had higher BP and higher body mass index (BMI). In men of African descent high BP did not coincide with higher BMI. In conclusion, the reported higher rates of hypertension in people from African descent in the UK are confirmatory of the USA African-American and white comparisons. Variations in study methods, size and body composition, and in the mix of Afro-Caribbean and West African groups explain much of the inconsistent results in the UK studies.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Differences among black, Hispanic, and white people in knowledge about long-term care services.

This article provides data obtained through telephone interviews with 1,608 white, black, Mexican American, or Puerto Rican respondents. The study was designed to measure differences among ethnic groups in knowledge and attitudes toward long-term care services and the extent to which knowledge and attitudes affect service use. Across all groups, there is less knowledge about long-term, community-based care than institutional services. The extent of knowledge about services is limited among all groups, but especially among Puerto Ricans. There are marked differences among groups in attitudes toward services. Minority groups are far more likely to perceive care of the elderly as a family responsibility and to stress the importance of ethnic factors in service delivery. Despite differences among groups, knowledge and attitudes are less directly related to use of services than is activity limitation. This may be because only a very small proportion of the respondents had any experience with service use.

Black or African American↗
PubMed2006

Relationships between the functional PPARalpha Leu162Val polymorphism and obesity, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidaemia, and related quantitative traits in studies of 5799 middle-aged white people.

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) is a nuclear receptor capable of regulating the expression of genes involved in peroxisomal and mitochondrial beta-oxidation pathways. The common Leu162Val polymorphism in the gene encoding PPARalpha has inconsistently shown association with quantitative traits related to obesity, type 2 diabetes, and dyslipidaemia. We genotyped the Leu162Val polymorphism in 1383 patients with type 2 diabetes and 4401 control subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) without showing any association between diabetes and genotype. In addition, the Leu162Val polymorphism was not associated with WHO-defined obesity or dyslipidaemia in case-control settings involving 961 obese and 2563 lean subjects and 1399 dyslipidaemic and 4399 normolipidaemic subjects, respectively. Quantitative trait studies of metabolic variables were carried out in 5799 middle-aged, treatment-naïve subjects showing a difference in fasting serum triglyceride concentrations among homozygous Val-carriers (Leu/Leu+Leu/Val, n=5782, 1.33+/-1.35 mmol/l vs. Val/Val, n=17, 2.22+/-2.4 mmol/l, p=0.007). Similarly, Val/Val was associated with increased fasting serum total cholesterol concentrations (p=0.01). In conclusion, in a relative large-scale study of middle-aged whites we found no evidence of association between the PPARalpha Leu162Val polymorphism and obesity or type 2 diabetes. If replicated, the Val162Val variant may, however, confer an increase in fasting levels of serum lipids.

Aged↗
PubMed2000

The lumbosacral ligament. An autopsy study of young black and white people.

The lumbosacral ligament (LSL), situated between the L5-vertebra and the sacrum, was studied in autopsy material. Twenty-eight cadaveric specimens from 12 black and 16 white persons aged 17-30 years were studied during routine forensic autopsies. The ligaments were measured and determined in situ. Thereafter, the ligaments were removed for histologic preparation. The ligament in the black subjects was thicker compared with the white (7.5 +/- 1.4 vs. 5.7 +/- 1.2 mm), and wider (11.7 +/- 1.6 mm in the black vs. 9.2 +/- 0.5 mm in the white), yielding a greater cross-sectional area in the black group (70.7 +/- 22.8 vs. 34.5 +/- 11.4 mm(2), p < 0.001). However, no histological differences were noted. The previously described fibro-osseus tunnel could not be detected in any of the subjects. In all instances, the ligament was situated medial to the L5 nerve. Compression of the L5 nerve under the previously presented fibro-osseus tunnel could not be confirmed.

Adolescent↗